Animal models play an important role in study on food allergy.This paper reviews the potential benefits and pitfalls of different animal models,including animal species and strains,test proteins,routes of exposure,the incorpration of adjuvants and evaluting indictor of allergic models,which can provide theoretical basis for evaluting the potential allergenicity of novel proteins and preventing food allergic diseases.

Background The primary pathologic mechanism of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is proliferation,migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of residuary lens epithelial cells (LECs) following cataract surgery.Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a role during the migration of LECs.Researches showed that GM6001,a broad inhibitor of MMPs,can arrest the migration of LECs,but as specific inhibitors of MMPs,the efficacy and safety of MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅰ and Ⅱ on LECs migration remain unclear.Objective This study was to determine and compare the inhibitory efficacy among GM6001,MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅰ and Ⅱ on human LECs and search the clinical medication to prevent PCO.Methods Human LECs were cultured and passaged in vitro,and the cells of 3-4 generation were incubated in 6-well plates.Then the cells of 70％ confluent monolayer were cultured in DMEM without fetal bovine serum for 12 hours.GM6001,MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅰ and Ⅱ at different concentrations (0.25,0.50,1.00,2.00,4.00,8.00,16.00,32.00,64.00,128.00 μmol/L) were added into the culture medium for 24 hours separately,and regularly cultured cells served as the control group.A bare area was made by a 200 μl sterile spear on the cell layer,and the migrated distance and inhibitory rate were calculated.The second or third generation of cells were incubated in 96-well plates at a density of 5×105/ml (200 μl/well).GM6001 (128.00 μmol/L),MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅰ (64.00 μmol/L) and Ⅱ (32.00 μmol/L) were added into the culture medium for 24 hours,and the cell viability was assayed by using MTT assay.Results Cultured cells grew well with irregular arrangement and presented the polygon in shape.The migrated distance was gradually reduced as the increase of concentrations of GM6001,MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅰ and Ⅱ,showing significant differences among the various concentration groups (GM6001:F=248.647,P＜0.05;MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅰ:F=357.125,P＜0.05;MP2/9 inhibitor Ⅱ:F=396.374,P＜ 0.05).The cell migrated distance in the control group was set to 1,the relative migrated distances were 0.478 ± 0.091,0.294±0.088 and 0.191 ±0.081 in the GM6001 group,MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅰ group and MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅱ group at the concentrations of 32.00 μmol/L,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (F =116.031,P＜0.01),and cell migrated distance was obviously shorter in the MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅱ group than that in the GM6001 group or MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅰ group (all at P＜0.01).The A values were 0.607±0.016,0.567±0.015,0.583±0.010 and 0.595 ±0.0138 in the control group,GM6001 group (128.00 μmol/L),MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅰ group (64.00 μmol/L) and MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅱ group (32.00 μmol/L),respectively,without significant difference among the groups (F=1.403,P＞0.05).Conclusions GM6001,MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅰ and Ⅱ reduce the mobility of human LECs effectively but do not affect the viability of the cells in vitro.MMP-2/9 inhibitor Ⅱ appears to be most dominant in inhibiting migration of human LECs.

Objective To study the effects of apoptosis associated factors Fas/Fas, Bcl-2/Bax, adhesion molecules including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, P-selectin, L-selectin and E-selectin in rat heart allograft immune response at different time points. Methods Rat acute cardiac allograft rejection model (PVG heart to DA rats) were established. Heart samples were collected on the day 1, 3, 5, 7 postoperatively ( n =3 in each group). Apoptosis was monitored by TUNEL. Fas, FasL, ICAM-1 and Selectin was examined by means of immunohistochemistry. The expression of Bcl/Bax mRNA, VCAM-1 mRNA, PECAM-1 mRNA was detected by means of situ-hybridization. Results In acute cardiac allograft rejection group, the expression of apoptosis, Fas/FasL, Bax, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 was increased. Apoptosis, Fas/FasL and Bax were mostly detected in cardiomycotes and ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 were mostly detected in vascular endothelium and infiltrated cells. There was no expression of apoptosis associated factors and adhesion molecules in normal rat heart.Conclusion The high expression of apoptosis, Fas/FasL, Bax, ICAM-1,VCAM-1, PECAM-1 may be related with cardiac allograft rejection.

Objective To investigate the effects of apoptosis, Fas/FasL and Bax/Bcl-2 in rat liver allograft immune response. MethodsDifferent rat allograft models were established:(1)Acute liver allograft rejection group: PVG liver to Lewis rats; (2) Liver allograft tolerance group: PVG liver→DA rats; (3) F1(P/D)→D group: F1(PVG-DA) liver to DA rats; (4)HLTx(P/2→D)group: PVG/2 liver→DA rats. Liver samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 7 postoperatively (each n=3). Apoptosis was monitored by TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT) mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling). The expressions of Fas/FasL and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA were examined by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ-hybridization respectively. Results Compared with liver allograft tolerance group, in acute liver allograft rejection group, the apoptosis cell numbers increased in hepatocytes, FasL expression was high in infiltrated cells in portal tract areas and low in hepatocytes, and the expression of Fas and Bax mRNA increased. The expression of molecules detected in F1(P/D)→D group was similar with those in acute liver allograft rejection. The expression of molecules detected in HLTx(P/2→D)group was similar with those in liver allograft tolerance group. On the fifth day postoperatively, the apoptosis index in portal tract areas had a positive correlation with the expression of FasL in hepatocyte and a negative correlation with the expression of Fas and Bax. Conclusions The high expression of FasL in infiltrated cells of portal tract areas, Fas and Bax in hepatocytes may be involved in rejection response. The high expression of apoptosis in infiltrated cells of portal areas, FasL in hepatocytes may relate with the establishment of tolerance.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM) was done on 103 hypertensive patients according to clinical stages and left ventricular measure (LVM) was randomly done on a portion of the patients. The results showed that the variability of stage-Ⅱ-group's 24 hour systolic pressure and stage-Ⅲ-group's systolic and diastolic pressures was significantly higher than that of stage-Ⅰ-group (P

Objective To investigate the factor relateted to the prognosis in HFRS patients with ARF oliguresis stage and the applied chance of hemodiaglysis in HFRS patients. Methods 46 cases of HFRS patients with ARF, with hemodiaglysis applied hospitalized in the department of infectious disease of Luohe centre hospital during 1996 to 2004 were retrospectively investigated and the factor related to the prognosis were analyzed,divided into three groups:successful group,delayed group, died group, and 14 sorts of clinical factors and common lab test items compared. Results Between live groups, the following factors are statistics value,such as the age, platelet,serum albution before HD,frequency of HD and the days of oliguresis stage, the difference of the other factors such as chance of HD,laboratory indicators and complication occuring rate of are no notable. The age of died group is in one′s prime, died in 3 hospitalized days, given HD only 1~2 times,so,chance of HD and days of oliguresis stage were without comparing value,but,the rate of acute complication is 100 percent,the difference is notable.Conclusions The influence of HD time is no notable,and, to prevent acute complication before HD is the key factor relateted to the prognosis.

Objective We discussed the influence of health education on uncertainty of patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Methods We divided 60 patients who were to undergo extracorporeal shock wave lithitripsy into the control group and the test group with 30 eases in each group. The test group implement systemic education according to the health education model. The control group received routine health education. Uncertainty about illness was measured by Mishel uncertainty in illness scale (MUIS) on admission, 1 day before lithotripsy and on discharge from hospital in the two groups. Results The illness uncertainty of the test group 1 day before lithotripsy and on discharge from hospital decreased evidently compared with that of on admission (P<0.01). The decrease amplitude was statistically different from that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Health education through application of health education model could significantly decrease the illness uncertainty of patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Objective We aimed to discuss the model of health education for patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of urinary calculi and validate its effect. Methods We divided 490 patients who were to undergo extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of urinary calculi into the control group (230 cases) and the test group (260 cases). The test group received health education according to the model of health education. While the control group adopted routine health education method. The ache during operation, treatment effect and incidence rate of complications in the two groups were evaluated and compared. Results The incidence rate of pain, complications and effective rate in the test group was 6.92%, 4.99% and 99.23%, which were better than those of the control group (28.26%, 16.09% and 96.09%), P＜0.01. Conclusions Establishment of the model of health education could improve the treatment effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, reduce the incidence rate of complications and the relase rate of urinary calculi.

Objective To discuss the feasibility of quantitive tissue velocity imaging(QTVI) to quantify regional myocardial dysfunction induced by acute ischemia and reperfusion.The results derived from this study provide experimental foundation for QTVI in estimating the segment of myocardial ischemia and evaluating viable myocaridium after reperfusion.Methods Note the peak velocity of the systolic wave(Vs) and the peak velocity of the early diastolic wave(Ve) of regional wall segments of seven dogs with left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) ligated under the different examination time points(i.e.,pre ligation,basic state;post ligation 5 min,15 min,30 min,60 min,120 min and reperfusion) by using QTVI technique.Postoperation, the myocardial specimen was stained by 1% triphenylatetrazolium chlorde(TTC) solution and tissue structure was analyzed by transmissible electrical microscope to identify whether myocardium was necrosis or not.Results Vs,Ve of every segmental myocardium of the dogs at ligation 5 min,10 min falled evidently in comparison with the basic state of the dogs (P

Teaching method of grouping and numbering the experimental animals refers to management of laboratory animals by marking them with numbers. In an experimental group, the same marked experimental animal is performed surgery operation by each group member. As a whole, each group member gets the same score according to the evaluation of operation performance of that group and the score is recorded as usual performance score. This method is simple and easy to implement. It is the optimizing of traditional basic operative surgery teaching methods which is conducted not only to improve medical students' sense of responsibility and animal protection awareness, to make full use of teaching resources and reduce waste, to cultivate medical students' team cooperation awareness, but also to deepen medical students' knowledge about surgical complications and improve the quality of teaching.