Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of prostatic hypoechoic lesions on transrectal ultrasound(TRUS) for prostate cancer detection Methods 438 patients referred to our hospital between August 1999 and August 2006 for biopsy of the prostate.Every patient received 6～13 biopsy cores of the prostate.If a hypoechoic was identified,the biopsy was taken from this lesion.Correlation between hypoechoic lesions,isoechoic areas and cancer detection for each core was performed.Results Among 438 patients,cancer was detected in 112(25.6%) patients.Hypoechoic lesions were seen in 75(67%)patients with prostate cancer,the isoechoic areas in 37(33%).A total of 3504 biopsy cores were obtained from 438 patients.Among them,636 biopsy cores were taken from hypoechoic lesions.163(25.6%)biopsy cores taken from hypoechoic lesions harbored cancer and 473(74.4%) had no cancer.The cancer detection rate was similar in patients with hypoechoic lesions on TRUS or not,25.4%(75/298)and 26.4%(37/140)respectively.The difference was not statistically significant(P

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic nerve blockade for pain control during transrectal prostate biopsy.Methods Seventy-three patients requiring systematic 13 cores biopsy of the prostate were randomized into two groups.Group A(37 cases) received an injection of 5 ml 1% lidocaine into the prostatic neurovascular bundles on each side at the base of the prostate under ultrasound guidance,and group B(36 cases) received 5 ml saline ( 0.9% sodium chloride) at the same way.Pain during biopsy was assessed using a 10-point linear visual analog pain scale immediately after this procedure.Results The mean pain scores during transrectal prostate biopsy were significantly lower in group A than that in group B( 1.1? 0.6 vs 5.9? 3.1,t= 4.81,P

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of prostatic hypoechoic lesions on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) for prostate cancer detection.Methods Four hundred and thirty-eight patients referred for biopsy of the prostate from August 1999 to August 2004. Every patient received 6-13 biopsy cores of the prostate. If a hypoechoic was identified, the biopsy was taken from this lesion. Correlation between hypo-echoic lesions, isoechoic areas and cancer detection for each core was performed. Results Among 438 patients, cancer was detected in 112(25.6%). Hypo-echoic lesions were seen in 75 (67%) patients with prostate cancer, the isoechoic were as in 37 (33%). A total of 3504 biopsy cores were obtained from 438 patients, and 636 biopsy cores were taken from hypoechoic lesions. Among 636 biopsy cores, 163 (25.6%) were cancer and 473(74.4%)were not. The cancer detective rate in patients with hypoechoic lesions (75/298, 25.2%) was similar to non-hypoechoic lesions (37/140, 26.4%) on TRUS. There was no statistically significant difference between them (P

Objective:To prepare capsaicin liposomes and study the feasibility by in vitro percutaneous penetration test. Meth-ods:Capsaicin liposomes were prepared by a film-ultrasonic method. The best formula was screened by orthogonal test based on single factor studies with the entrapment efficiency as the index. The improved Franz diffusion cells were used to study the transdermal pene-tration of capsaicin suspensions, capsaicin liposomes and capsaicin ointments, and the cumulative penetration amount through the isola-ted rat skin was compared. Results:The optimal formula of capsaicin liposomes were as follows:the ratio of capsaicin to lipids was 1∶5;the amount of Tween-80 was 100 mg;the amount of vitamin E was 50 mg;10 ml dichloromethane was used as the solvent. The op-timal pH value of the external phase was 6. 5 with the volume of 10 ml. The ultrasonic time was 8 min. The order of 12-hour cumulative penetration amount was capsaicin liposomes>capsaicin-PBS suspensions>capsaicin ointments. Capsaicin liposomes had the highest 12-hour cumulative penetration amount and showed obvious sustained-release property. Conclusion:Capsaicin liposomes have high en-trapment efficiency, good percutaneous penetration and sustained-release property, and the preparation technology is simple.

Objective To observe the clinical effects and safety degree of treating children's cough variant asthma for mite allergy with Montelukast sodium combined with Flixotide. Methods Forty cases of infant patients with cough variant asthma for mite allergy in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from February 2012 to Octo-ber 2013 were taken as research subjects and randomly divided into treatment group and control group,each group 20 cases. The control group was treated with Flixotide aerosol;the treatment group took extra medicine Montelukast sodium chewable tablets. The treatment period covered half a year. After treatment both groups were observed for 3 months. During the treatment period the recovery process of clinical symptoms and adverse reaction of all the infant patients were observed and recorded. The data was analyzed with statistical software SPSS 17. 0. Results The duration of cough im-proved and solved in treatment group in the acute phase was(5. 82 ± 0. 90)d,much shorter than that of the control group[(6. 54 ± 1. 30)d],and the difference was of statistical significance(P ﹤ 0. 05). In the procedure,4 times of cough scores of treatment group[(3. 90 ± 0. 90)scores,(0. 90 ± 0. 30)scores,(0. 70 ± 0. 30)scores,(1. 90 ± 0. 70) scores]declined apparently more than those of control group[(4. 10 ± 0. 70)scores,(1. 20 ± 0. 40)scores,(1. 30 ± 0. 50)scores,(2. 40 ± 0. 80)scores];the difference was of statistical significance(all P ﹤ 0. 05);and the both were rebounded after 3 months without medicine. In terms of pulmonary function PD20,the patients in treatment group [(0. 46 ± 0. 08)mg vs(1. 76 ± 0. 07)mg]showed better improvement than those in control group[(0. 46 ± 0. 07) mg vs(1. 70 ± 0. 07)mg],and the difference was of statistical significance(P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions Treating chil-dren's cough variant asthma for mite allergy with Montelukast sodium combined with Flixotide is of good therapy effect in the acute phase and the control phase,worthy of further clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the effect of home-made immobilization device with KV-CBCT in lung-SBRT and investigate its clinical use value.Methods Choosing 10 lung tumor patients (half centre type tumor;half peripheral type) random analysis the interfractional and intrafractional setup errors in the SBRT process by this fixed device with KV-CBCT.The concrete method is using Varian's KV-CBCT scans the patients before and after the SBRT each time,then make the registration between the reconstructed 3 d image and the planned CT image (both based on bone landmark),we then obtain the average setup errors in LR,AP and SI directions.Simultaneously,this research make contrastive analysis of setup errors among this fixed device and other fixed devices such as vacuum pad,phantom in body IMRT.All data make one-factor analysis of variance by SSPS 17.0.Results All the setup errors data was gaussian distribution,the centre type interfraction was at (0.01 ±0.32) cm (LR),(-0.08 ±0.38) cm (AP),(0.14 ±0.36) cm (SI) of the cross section,peripheral type interfraction was at (0.01 ± 0.32) cm (LR),(-0.08 ± 0.38) cm (AP),(0.14 ± 0.36) cm (SI) of the cross section (P =0.001).We found out that the average of lung tumor's setup error at all three directions have no significant difference-the largest was the AP directions (P =0.003),the second was the SI direction (P =0.003) and the smallest was the LR direction (P =0.001).The central type has no significant difference at three directions.Compare to the other fixed device,the average setup errors of our device are (0.09 ± 0.33) cm (LR),(-0.10 ± 0.44) cm (SI),(0.17 ±0.35) cm (AP) better than the report at present paper.As the interfraction setup error was small enough by using this fixed device while it has beyond the system algorithm,the registration software of system shows (0.0 ± 0.0 cm).Conclusions The range of lung tumor motion can be cut down obviously and enhance each placement accuracy,repeatability,on SBRT with home-made immobilization device.

Objective To validate the efficacy of Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) in severity evaluation of respiratory inpatients.Methods Four hundred and thirteen children with respiratory disease were hospitalized in Pneumology Department of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre from October 2012 to October 2013,of which 36 cases required Intensive Care Unit (ICU) treatment while the rest 377 controls did not.According to the disease severity,cases and controls were further categorized into 3 groups:no-monitor-required group (n =302,controls),monitor-required group (n =75,controls),ICU group (n =36).PEWS was assessed at admission in controls and 12 hours before ICU transfer,respectively.PEWS were compared among all groups and receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC) was performed.Results The median [interquartile rang(IQR)] age in ICU group was 10 months(4-13 months),monitor-required group was 10 months (6-16 months),and no-monitor-required group was 14months(6-24 months),and the difference was significant (H =13.59,P ＜ 0.01).The median (IQR) of PEWS in ICU group was 6 scores (6-7 scores),monitor-required groups was 5 scores (4-5 scores),on-monitor-required group was 2 scores (1-2 scores),and the difference was significant (x2 =255.641,P ＜ 0.01).PEWS in monitor required group and ICU group was 3.5 score with area under ROC (AUC) as 0.898 (95％ CI:0.867-0.929,sensitivity0.907,specificity 0.893) and 4.5 with AUC as 0.978 (95％ CI:0.964-0.992,sensitivity 1.000,specificity 0.862),respectively.Conclusions PEWS can be indicative for severity classification in hospitalized respiratory pediatric patients,and can serve as a potentially excellent screening tool for prediction of ICU admission.

OBJECTIVETo determine the influence of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in men with prostate cancer.

METHODSForty-nine men with prostate cancer underwent BMD determination and then were classified into two groups: non-ADT group (21 cases), who were about to receive ADT, and ADT group (28 cases), who had received ADT for more than 1 year. BMD was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in the lumbar spine (L2-4) and femoral neck in all the patients. The Age-Matched Z scores were used as the reference standard for controlling the difference of age, sex and weight.

RESULTSThirteen (62%) of the non-ADT group and 23 (82%) of the ADT group fulfilled the BMD criteria for osteopenia or osteoporosis. Z scores for the Age-Matched control in the lumbar spine and femoral neck were -(0.9 +/- 0.7) and -(0.6 +/- 0.5) in the non-ADT group, and -(1.8 +/- 1.1) and -(1.6 +/- 1.0) in the ADT group, respectively (P<0.01). The men of the ADT group had significantly lower BMD in the lumbar spine and femoral neck than those of the non-ADT group.

CONCLUSIONPre-existing osteopenia and osteoporosis are common in men with prostate cancer before ADT. ADT is significantly associated with the loss of BMD and the evaluation of BMD is necessary before ADT for men with prostate cancer.

Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androgen Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Bone Density ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orchiectomy ; Osteoporosis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery

The effective implementation of curricular ideology should be vigorously promoted in the training process of postgraduate students in critical care medicine.The clinical practice of critical care medicine contains a large number of ideological elements.In the process of teaching,teachers need to explore the ideological and political elements closely related to critical care medicine,mainly including:correct value of life,self-supervision spirit,communication and collaboration ability,healer's benevolence,craftsmanship,honesty and integrity in medical practice,as well as the supremacy of the country and the people,and so on.In the process of implementing curriculum ideological and political teaching,teachers are required to continuously improve their professionalism and ethics,improve their teaching methods,and set a good example in their clinical work.In order to better implement the curriculum ideological and political education,it is necessary to establish a perfect teaching system and a unified curriculum ideological and political education material library.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oseltamivir in the treatment of suspected influenza in children. Method: A multicenter, randomized and open-label trial was conducted among 229 individuals with suspected influenza which were collected from the clinic of 5 hospitals in Guangdong province (Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center, Shenzhen Baoan District Maternity and Child Care Service Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Dongguan Maternity and Child Care Service Centre, Yuexiu District Children′s Hospital of Guangzhou) from April to July 2015. They were randomized either to oseltamivir group (oseltamivir 30-75 mg, twice daily for 5 days) or control group who were given symptom relief medicines for 5 days. Result: No significant difference was found between two groups in influenza symptoms of the patients before the treatment(P>0.05). Altogether 229 individuals (114 in oseltamivir group, 115 in control group) were analyzed for efficacy, in which 73 individuals (42 oseltamivir, 31 control), 31.9%, were identified as influenza-infected through laboratory test. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the duration of fever although shortened. In the 229 individuals , the cumulative alleviation proportion between oseltamivir and control group was not significantly different (P>0.05): the median duration of illness was 69.9 hours (95% CI 65.3-91.5) in oseltamivir group and 75.4 hours (95%CI 63.9-91. 7) in control group; the median duration of fever was 40.4 hours (95%CI 31.5-53.4) in oseltamivir group and 44.0 hours (95%CI 33.2-50.0) in control group. In the 73 individuals, the cumulative alleviation proportion between oseltamivir and control group was significantly different (P<0.05). The median duration of illness was 61.2 hours (95%CI 48.0-121. 0) in oseltamivir group, being significantly shorter than that of 116.0 hours (95%CI 91.5-175.0) in control group. But it was not significantly different that the median duration of fever was 32.8 hours (95%CI 24.0-47.0 ) in oseltamivir group and 55.8 hours (95%CI 43.6-78.3 ) in control group (P>0.05). And the median duration of fever in 60 individuals (38 oseltamivir, 22 control) was significantly different between two groups(P<0.05), who had finished a course of taking oseltamivir in the 73 individuals, 34.8 hours (95%CI 24.0-48.5 ) in oseltamivir group being significantly shorter than that of 53.3 hours (95%CI 43.6-104.0 ) in control group. There was certain difference in side effects rate between the two groups (oseltamivir 10%, control 2%, P<0.05). The main side-effects were gastrointestinal symptoms (stomachache, diarrhea, poor appetite, vomiting). Conclusion The duration of illness and fever in suspected influenza patients treated with oseltamivir was shorter than those in the patients treated with no oseltamivir, the difference was not statistically significant, when 31.9% was confirmed with positive result of virus test in suspected influenza in children. But in these patients with positive result of virus test, the duration of illness was significantly shortened with treatment with oseltamivir as compared with no treatment with oseltamivir, and it would be better if full oseltamivir course was completed for reducing the duration of fever. Oseltamivir treatment was safe with mild side effects.