OBJECTIVE:To compare the composition changes of Aurantii fructus before and after fermentation processing and optimize its fermentation processing technology. METHODS:UPLC was conducted to compare the raw and fermentation processed products of same batch of Aurantii fructus,and ensure the chromatographic peaks after fermentation processing. Using peak areas of 4 chromatographic peaks and mildew characteristics of samples as index,fermentation temperature,humidity and time as factor, L9(34)orthogonal test was designed to optimize the fermentation processing technology,and verified it. RESULTS:After fermenta-tion processing,Aurantii fructus obviously showed 2 new monosaccharide glycosides components;the optimized fermentation tech-nology was as follows as fermentation temperature of 30 ℃,humidity of 70% and time of 7 d;verification test results showed RSD of each indicator of decoction pieces prepared by optimized fermentation technology in 3 tests were lower than 2.0%(n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Fermentation processing may lead obvious chemical composition changes in Aurantii fructus;the optimized fer-mentation processing technology can increase the contents of characteristic peaks.

A new approach based on online coupled liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( LC-GC / MS ) was developed for the rapid determination of 4-( methylnitrosamino )-1-( 3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in mainstream cigarette smoke, in which a switching valve was employed to online switching between two-dimensional chromatography. The online LC-GC / MS system used in this study was built by using online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry except that the micro gel column was replaced by micro alkaline alumina column which was prepared by ourselves before. The NNK in mainstream cigarette smoke was collected by a Cambridge filter pad, then the pad was extracted with dichloromethane, and the extract was quantitatively analyzed by online LC-GC / MS with D4-NNK as an internal standard. Online LC-GC / MS allowed online pretreatment purification, and the sample was subjected to online LC-GC / MS without any prior purification, which reduced human error in analysis process. The injection volume of the present online LC-GC / MS could reach 40 μL, which was 20 times of that of the conventional GC / MS (2. 0 μL of injection volume), and thus significantly improved the sensitivity. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity ( r = 0. 9998) was obtained over the range of 1. 2 - 120 ng / mL. The recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 93. 9% to 96. 0% , and the limits of detection for qualitative and quantitative detection were 0. 25 ng / mL and 0. 9 ng / mL, respectively. All the results obtained by the present method are comparable to those of standard method recommend by China National Tobacco Company.

Objective To analyze the influence of medication compliance of chronic type 2 diabetes management patients on disease control in two communities in Kunming.Methods A total of 138 patients with type 2 diabetes who were included in chronic disease management in Guandu and Xiaobanqiao communities of Kunming were selected from December 2021 to September 2022.Basic information collection and HbAlc and other related tests were improved.A questionnaire survey of 8-item Morisliy medication adherence scale(MMAS-8)was conducted to analyze the levels of HbAlc and other indexes of three groups with high(group A),medium(group B),and low(group C)adherence,and to conduct statistical analysis.Results Group A accounted for 22.5%,group B for 44.9%,and group C for 32.6%.There were significance differences in urinary albumin creatinine ratio(UACR),HbA1c and blood creatinine among the three groups(P<0.05).The levels of UACR,HbAlc and serum creatinine in group A were lower than those in group B and group C,and there was a negative correlation between UACR,HbAlc and serum creatinine and medication compliance rate(P<0.05).Conclusion In the Guandu Community and Xiaobanqiao community of Kunming,only 22.5%of patients with chronic type 2 diabetes had high medication compliance.The higher the compliance,the lower the level of UACR,HbAlc and serum creatinine,there is a correlation between the two,suggesting that medication compliance should be regarded as one of the key points in the management of chronic diabetes mellitus in the community,and the intervention of patients'medication compliance should be strengthened.

With the development of information technology, the massive growth of pharmaceutical electronic data and the significant increase in the reports of drug adverse event reports have brought great challenges to pharmacovigilance research. Data mining techniques can automatically extract the risk signals of adverse drug reaction from real-world data. Therefore, efficient data mining of massive adverse event reporting is a necessary measure to realize the automatic detection of adverse drug reactions. By introducing the current major large-scale adverse drug event reporting databases and related data mining methods, this study reviews the application and limitations of adverse drug reaction data mining technology in pharmacovigilance, which provides reference for pharmacovigilance-related institutions and researchers.