The medicine of critical disease is a clinical discipline that gradually sprang up in the late 1960s.Yet at present controversy still exists as to whether the discipline should be regarded as a separate one and it has not been ranked among the separate disciplines listed by the State Educational Committee. The authors, however, give an account of the customers and the cunent situation of disciplinary development of the discipline of critical disease from the petspective of a discipline. They also offer an account of the organizational structure and the form of staff of ICUs,pointing out that ICUs have 3 subjects structurally and are divided into CategoriesⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ. Except for ICUs in a few hospitals that are up to the level of Category Ⅱl, ICU s in most hospitals in China are lower than or just up to the level of Category Ⅰ. Then the authors give an introduction to the three forms of ICU management: open, semi-open and closed.

The medicine of critical disease is a clinical discipline that gradually sprang up in the late 1960s. Yet at present controversy still hats as to whether the discipline should be regarded as a separate one and it has not been ranked among the separate disciplines listed by the State Educational Committee. The authors, however, give an account of the customers and the current situation of disciplinary development of the discipline of critical disease ho the perspective of a discighne. They also offer an account of the organizational structure and the form of staff of ICUs, pointing out that ICUs have 3 subjects structurally and are divided into CategoriesⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Except for ICUs in a few hospitals that are up to the level of Category n, ICUs in most hospitels in China are lower than or just up to the level of CategoryⅠ. ho the authorss give an introduction to the ho formsn of ICU management open, semi-opened-cpc ana closed.

Objective To perform the cytogenetic diagnosis on single lymphocyte of DMD patient with dystrophin gene exon 50 deletion.Methods Single lymphocytes of a DMD patient with dystrophin gene exon 50 deletion and normal volunteers were picked out and prepared for two-time duplex PCR.Results The rate of precise positive was 92%,91% and 93% in specimens of the patient(SRY positive,exon 50 negative),the male volunteer(SRY positive,exon 50 positive)and the female volunteer(SRY negative,exon 50 positive),respectively.Conclusion Two-time duplex PCR is fit for the genetic diagnosis of single lymphocyte from DMD patient with dystrophin gene exon 50 deletion.

Curriculum reform is the focus and the key in teaching reforms.The paper is to discuss the shortcomings existing in the present curriculum system in pharmaceutical education and to introduce some exploration and practice in pharmaceutical curriculum reform such as restructuring curriculum.

Objective To study the influences of long-term cryopreservation on nucleated cell viability,colony-form- ing units-granulocyte-macrophage(CFU-GM)-forming capability and Lymphocyte immune-phenotypes of pe- ripheral blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell(HS/PC)collections.Methods Fresh samples(n=12)were as control,frozen samples were divided into two groups:group 1(cryopreserved for 3-5 years,n=26)and group 2 (cryopreserved for 5-7 years,n=9).Flow cytometry(FCM)method based on 7 AAD or caspase-3staining was ap- plied to assess the degree of cell necrosis or apoptosis in cryopreserved and red-cell lytic collection samples.Lympho- cyte immune-phenotypes(CD3/CD4/CD8/CD19/CD16+56,CD4/CIM5RA/CIMSRO,CD8/CD28)were also de- tected by FCM.CFU-GM culture was done to study the hematopoietic activity.Results Percentages of necrosis and apoptosis cells of the control were both less than the groupl and group2(P

Objective To compare RNA interference (RNAi) with imatinib in killing K562 cells. Methods Design effective shRNA sequences special for bcr-abl silencing and insert them into the eukaryotic expression vector for RNAi by gene engineering. The recombinant plasmi(ts were then transfected into K562 cells. 48 hours later, the efficiency of transfection was identified by fluorescent microscope, bcr-abl mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. Another group of K562 cells were treated respectively by imatinib with different concentration. All groups of K562 cells were finally analyzed in apoptosis, cell proliferation and phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Results Both RNAi and imatinib induced apoptosis, decreased proliferation and reduced phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Conclusion BNAi can kill K562 cells successfully as imatinib, and it may be a promising way to treat CML patients in clinic, especially for those who fail in imatinib or other chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the Th1/Th2 polarization of T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood stimulated by CpG-ODN2216,and the secretion of cytokines in supernatant of cultured PBMCs after stimulation of CpG-ODN2216.Methods Human PBMCs were isolated from blood of donors.The PBMCs were incubated with CpG-ODN2216 for 24 hours.Th1/Th2 subsets in the cultured PBMCs were examined by flow cytometry,and IFN-?,IL-2,IL-4 and IL-10 in the supernatant were assayed by ELISA.Results The percentage of Th1 and Tc1 increased significantly after stimulation of CpG-ODN2216 compared with control group (P0.05).Conclusion The Th1 cells and Tc1 cells in T lymphocytes of peripheral blood could be polarizated by CpG-ODN 2216.IFN-? secretion in PBMCs could be induced by CpG-ODN2216.

Objective To evaluate the effect of gender matching on the outcomes of livingdonor renal transplantation.Methods A total of 419 cases of living-donor renal transplantation in our center were divided into male-donor-male-recipient (MDMR) group,male-donor-female-recipient (MDFR) group,female-donor-male-recipient (FDMR) group,female-donor-female-recipient (FDFR)group.The outcomes including graft and patient survival,acute rejection and renal function were analyzed retrospectively.Results Compared to MDMR group,MDFR group and FDFR group had lower Scr [(80.7±17.9),(87.4±21.9) μmol/L vs (120.3±72.5) μmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05] and uric acid (UA) [(318.1 ± 86.4),(303.5 ± 66.9) μmol/L vs (358.4 ± 77.8) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05] 6 months after operation.Compared to MDFR group,FDMR group had higher Scr[(117.7±27.4) μmol/L vs (80.7±17.9) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.01],UA [(371.0±92.4) μmol/L vs (318.1±86.4) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05] and lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [(70.4± 17.8) ml/min vs (79.6± 18.9) ml/min,P ＜ 0.05].Compared to FDMR group,FDFR group had lower Scr [(87.4±21.9) μmol/L vs (117.7±27.4) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.01] and UA [(303.5±66.9)μmol/L vs (371.092.4) μmol/L,P＜ 0.01].Compared to MDFR group,FDFR group showed lower GFR [(72.4±25.3) ml/min vs (82.7± 18.7) ml/min,P ＜ 0.05] 1 year after operation.Compared to MDMR group,FDFR group showed lower UA [(322.9±69.7) μmol/L vs (376.0±66.2) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05] 2 years after operation.Compared to FDMR group,FDFR group showed lower Scr [(88.7 ±27.0) μmol/L vs (112.7±27.8) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05] and UA [(318.3 ±61.2) μmol/L vs (396.2± 100.3) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05] 3 years after operation.5 years after operation,there were no significant differences in above indexes,the incidence of slow graft function,acute rejection and survival of graft and patient among groups.Conclusions Male recipients of female donors have the worst renal function while female recipients have better outcomes after operation.

Objective To study the inducing apoptosis effect of a traditional Chinese medicine gambogic acid (GA) on Raji cell line and its mechanism. Methods The effect of GA on the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was analyzed. Raji cells were treated with GA at different concentrations and times, and the inhibitory effect was detected by MTT assay.Apoptosis induced by GA was observed by Annexin V/PI doubling staining and flow cytometry assay.Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 assay. Activated Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in living Raji cells were measured by caspGLOWTM fluorescein staining kit and quantificated by flow cytometry. Results After incubation with GA, the proliferation rates of both normal blood mononuclear cells and Raji cells were dramatically inhibited in a concentration dependent manner. GA induced Raji cells to undergo apoptosis. GA decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of Raji cells. GA increased the level of activated caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9 for 0.37 %, 33.57 %, 18.27 % in 24 h and 28.2 %, 69.2 %,76.7 % in 48 h respectively. Conclusion GA have an inhibitory effect on Raji cells, and can trigger apoptosis of Raji cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.

Under the guidance of the principle of combining practice with employment,we make the exploration to enhance the quality of graduation practice in pharmaceutical education by establishing the corresponding system as the basis,mobilizing students to practice actively as the gurantee,and keeping effective management of papers as the strategy means.