The medicine of critical disease is a clinical discipline that gradually sprang up in the late 1960s. Yet at present controversy still hats as to whether the discipline should be regarded as a separate one and it has not been ranked among the separate disciplines listed by the State Educational Committee. The authors, however, give an account of the customers and the current situation of disciplinary development of the discipline of critical disease ho the perspective of a discighne. They also offer an account of the organizational structure and the form of staff of ICUs, pointing out that ICUs have 3 subjects structurally and are divided into CategoriesⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Except for ICUs in a few hospitals that are up to the level of Category n, ICUs in most hospitels in China are lower than or just up to the level of CategoryⅠ. ho the authorss give an introduction to the ho formsn of ICU management open, semi-opened-cpc ana closed.

The medicine of critical disease is a clinical discipline that gradually sprang up in the late 1960s.Yet at present controversy still exists as to whether the discipline should be regarded as a separate one and it has not been ranked among the separate disciplines listed by the State Educational Committee. The authors, however, give an account of the customers and the cunent situation of disciplinary development of the discipline of critical disease from the petspective of a discipline. They also offer an account of the organizational structure and the form of staff of ICUs,pointing out that ICUs have 3 subjects structurally and are divided into CategoriesⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ. Except for ICUs in a few hospitals that are up to the level of Category Ⅱl, ICU s in most hospitals in China are lower than or just up to the level of Category Ⅰ. Then the authors give an introduction to the three forms of ICU management: open, semi-open and closed.

Objective To perform the cytogenetic diagnosis on single lymphocyte of DMD patient with dystrophin gene exon 50 deletion.Methods Single lymphocytes of a DMD patient with dystrophin gene exon 50 deletion and normal volunteers were picked out and prepared for two-time duplex PCR.Results The rate of precise positive was 92%,91% and 93% in specimens of the patient(SRY positive,exon 50 negative),the male volunteer(SRY positive,exon 50 positive)and the female volunteer(SRY negative,exon 50 positive),respectively.Conclusion Two-time duplex PCR is fit for the genetic diagnosis of single lymphocyte from DMD patient with dystrophin gene exon 50 deletion.

Curriculum reform is the focus and the key in teaching reforms.The paper is to discuss the shortcomings existing in the present curriculum system in pharmaceutical education and to introduce some exploration and practice in pharmaceutical curriculum reform such as restructuring curriculum.

Under the guidance of the principle of combining practice with employment,we make the exploration to enhance the quality of graduation practice in pharmaceutical education by establishing the corresponding system as the basis,mobilizing students to practice actively as the gurantee,and keeping effective management of papers as the strategy means.

According to the investigation result in 398 students of the College of Pharmacy of Chongqing Medical University on study motivation,atitude,extracurricular study time and study method,the entire status of study attitude in pharmacutical students and the effect of study motivation,attitude,grade diversity and gender difference on learning were analyzed.It is indicated that the pharmacutical students in medical university are a group with a certain speciality.Therefore,in order to improve the educational quality of pharmacy,the teaching and students affairs should be developed with clear target.

In this paper,the development ofhigher pharmacyeducation ofChina from1984 to 2009 has been investigated.The authors have summarized the situation of specialty setup,the numbers of schools and students,employment,etc.,according to the relevant literatures,and analyzed the existing problems.Based on this,the development tendency of higher pharmacy education has also been discussed.

Objective To investigate the Th1/Th2 polarization of T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood stimulated by CpG-ODN2216,and the secretion of cytokines in supernatant of cultured PBMCs after stimulation of CpG-ODN2216.Methods Human PBMCs were isolated from blood of donors.The PBMCs were incubated with CpG-ODN2216 for 24 hours.Th1/Th2 subsets in the cultured PBMCs were examined by flow cytometry,and IFN-?,IL-2,IL-4 and IL-10 in the supernatant were assayed by ELISA.Results The percentage of Th1 and Tc1 increased significantly after stimulation of CpG-ODN2216 compared with control group (P0.05).Conclusion The Th1 cells and Tc1 cells in T lymphocytes of peripheral blood could be polarizated by CpG-ODN 2216.IFN-? secretion in PBMCs could be induced by CpG-ODN2216.

Objective To study the inducing apoptosis effect of a traditional Chinese medicine gambogic acid (GA) on Raji cell line and its mechanism. Methods The effect of GA on the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was analyzed. Raji cells were treated with GA at different concentrations and times, and the inhibitory effect was detected by MTT assay.Apoptosis induced by GA was observed by Annexin V/PI doubling staining and flow cytometry assay.Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 assay. Activated Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in living Raji cells were measured by caspGLOWTM fluorescein staining kit and quantificated by flow cytometry. Results After incubation with GA, the proliferation rates of both normal blood mononuclear cells and Raji cells were dramatically inhibited in a concentration dependent manner. GA induced Raji cells to undergo apoptosis. GA decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of Raji cells. GA increased the level of activated caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9 for 0.37 %, 33.57 %, 18.27 % in 24 h and 28.2 %, 69.2 %,76.7 % in 48 h respectively. Conclusion GA have an inhibitory effect on Raji cells, and can trigger apoptosis of Raji cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.

OBJECTIVE:To study the development of community pharmaceutical care.METHODS:The significance of community pharmaceutical care was elaborated based on its status quo analysis,and the way to improve the pharmaceutical care was discussed theoretically.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Patient-centered community pharmaceutical care is the primary responsibility of community pharmacists,the community pharmacists should strengthen their study,update their knowledge structure and play an important role in community pharmaceutical care.