The difference in history of development, the curriculum and teaching content of medical humanities education have been compared and researched among the United States, Britain and China, and the questionnaire survey have been conducted to the students from HeBei Medical University, to find the disadvantages and willingness to reform in medical humanities education in China. Based on the successful experience on Medical Humanistic Education from foreign countries, suggestions were put forward such as increased emphasis on medical humanities education, reasonable arrangements for medical education curriculum, creating a good atmosphere on campus, making the medical education to match the social demand, and providing scientific basis for the development of medical humanities education.

Up to present,the research of the early-warning system for the risk of the medical quality has been carried out both at home and abroad.The majority of these researches aimed at providing theoretical guidance for the scientific decision-making of local health departments.In order to construct quality of medical care evaluation indicators system.On the bases of intelligence research,drawing on a series of internationally recognized quality of medical care evaluation system.The majority of these researches aimed at providing theoretical guidance for the scientific decision-making of local health departments.However,the hospital-related research is very limited.Therefore,hospitals were selected as objects in this study.33 experts from 6 three"A" hospitals were selected.And by using a series of internationally recognized quality health care system as a source of reference and focusing on process control and standardizing of management,the early-warning system for the risk of the medical quality has been constructed based on the combination of theory and practice.At the same time,Delphi method was used to verify the results repeatedly to form a set of early-warning system for the risk of the medical quality which is objective,scientific and approved by experts.

The curriculum for general practitioner training does not include much knowledge on medical humanities except for medical ethics,which can not meet the requirement of general practitioners' defined duty.This article analyzes the necessity of adding social psychological skills to the training and assessment of general practitioners from the following aspects of the nature of general practitioners' duty,and the disadvantages of medical humanities education in current Chinese medical universities.Then the proposition of this system is also presented.

The quality of medical research-oriented postgraduates determines the future of our nation's medical science and public health.And the quality of the military medical research-oriented postgraduates has direct effect on the modernization of the national defense medical science.In this thesis,the current situation and defects of the quality estimation index system of the research-oriented postgraduates in military medical college have been analyzed and constructing an improved quality estimation index system has been proposed.

In this paper,Western developed countries'education of humanities sciences including school-running model,cultivating objects,curriculum,teaching methods,etc. has been discussed and the status quo of marginalization of medical humanities education in China has been analyzed. Based on the discussion and analysis,the proposals for the reform of medical education in humanities sciences in China are given with the modern teaching theories and methods as the reference.

Objective To explore framework and measure of vocational psychological quality for postgraduate students majoring in med-ical sciences in China. Methods The framework of vocational psychological quality had been developed based on the grounded theory. A structured and standardized questionnaire had been developed via field test for 95 postgraduates and interviews with 24 experts. A total of 1142 postgraduates had been measured with the final questionnaire. Results The standardized questionnaire had been developed including 3 subscales from factor analysis, such as vocational cognition, vocational personality and vocational adaptation, with 13 factors and 62 items in total. The Cronbach'sαcoefficient was 0.902 for the whole questionnaire, and the split-half reliability was 0.747. The correlation coeffi-cients between subscales and whole questionnaire was 0.401 to 0.929. Conclusion Vocational cognition, vocational personality and vocation-al adaptation are the main constituents of the vocational psychological quality for postgraduates majoring in medical sciences. The question-naire is acceptable in content and structure validity and internal consistency reliability.

The training model of high level Chinese Medicine Talents has been the focus of debate in Chinese Medicine over the years.Through reviewing the history of high level Chinese Medicine Talents training in China since 1949,we have summarized the characteristics and analyzed the deep level problems impacting the quality of talents training.The strategies which we have proposed in this study will have high significance not only in the theory but in a realistic sense.

ObjectiveTo launch researches on the current status of college students' view on life values.MethodsCreating College Students' Views on Life questionnaires for 774 undergraduates in Kunming for further analyses on their views on life values.ResultsThere appeared an inclination of diversified notions among the college students in which the mainstream of thoughts appeared to be positive with a little inclination towards narrow-mindedness and bigotry.Values in the narrow life of the paranoid dimension between males and females were significantly different ( P ＜0.01 ).Urban students and rural students were significantly different ( P＜0.01 ).The only-children and the non-only-children were significantly different ( P＜0.01 ).Similar results are found amongst the students majoring arts,science,medical science or art and sports,esp.with a distinction in positive life values,love of life and parochial attitudes towards life values,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 as noted.ConclusionVarious factors contribute to the loss of life values among college students,and we earnestly request encouraging solutions to the problems found in life education and steer them into the right course.

Objective To study the occurrence,risk factors,and direct economic losses caused by healthcare-asso-ciated infection(HAI)in hemodialysis patients in a hospital.Methods 840 patients who underwent hemodialysis in this hospital from April 2012 to September 2014 were selected,incidence of HAI,related factors,and economic los-ses due to HAI were investigated.Results Among 840 hemodialysis patients,89 patients developed 104 times of HAI,HAI density was 4.27‰ . Multivariate regression analysis showed that young age and old age,combined mul-tiple diseases,long duration of hemodialysis,two or more intubation sites,prolonged intubation,long length of hospital stay were all risk factors for HAI(OR= 1.123-2.325);Fees for bed,consultation,examination,treat-ment,nursing,medicine,and others in HAI group were all significantly higher than non-infected group(H= 49.6-1 038.9,all P<0.01 ),difference in medicine fees was most significant.Conclusion Risk factors for HAI are young age and old age,combined multiple diseases,long duration of hemodialysis,two or more intubation sites, prolonged intubation,and long length of hospital stay,the occurrence of HAI can increase the economic burden of hemodialysis patients.

Objective To observe the differences of retinal vessel oxygen saturation between diabetic and healthy subjects.Methods Seventy-one diabetic patients and 91 healthy persons were included diabetes group and control group respectively.Oxygen saturation was measured in retinal blood vessels in two groups using retinal Oxymap.The oxygen saturation in retinal arteries and veins about 1.5-3.0 disc-diameter from center of optic disc was analyzed by instrumental software.Results Among 71 cases of diabetics,there was no significant difference in retinal oxygen saturation between male and female,among different ages and duration of disorder (all P ＞ 0.05).The retinal average arteriolar oxygen saturation in diabetes group was higher than that in control group (P =0.00).The diabetes group had the higher arteriolar oxygen saturation in all the quadrants,while only the superior temporal and inferior temporal showed significant difference statistically (all P ＜0.05).The retinal average venous oxygen saturation in diabetes group showed an upward trend although with no significance (P ＞0.05).Venous oxygen saturation in the diabetes group were higher in retinal superior temporal and inferior temporal quadrant and lower in retinal inferior nasal quadrant,there were significant statistical differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The retinal arterio-venous oxygen saturation differences in diabetes group was higher than that in control group,there was significant statistical difference (P =0.00).Conclusion There is significant difference in retinal vessel oxygen saturation between diabetics and healthy subjects.There are different degrees of changes in retinal oxygen saturation among different quadrants,indicating uneven distribution of retinal oxygen metabolism in each quadrant.