Objective To evaluate the role of modified Buyanghuanwu decoction in the treatment of vascular dementia. Methods Adopting international standards for the diagnosis,30 cases with mild to moderate vascular dementia were treated by modified Buyanghuanwu decoction,six months as a course of treatment. 30 patients of the control group were treated by Yinxingye Tablets. Results After using modified Buyanghuanwu decoction,MMSE scores were increased (P