Objective To explore the relationship between the quantitative parameter in transrectal power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) and angiogenesis of prostate nodules in pathology. Methods PDUS and the analytic software of color flow were used, and peak vascularization indexs (PVIs) of 94 prostate nodules in 73 patients were recorded. The biopsy specimen was stained with CD34 antibody, and the microvessel density (MVD) was calculated. The correlation between PVI and MVD was statistically analyzed. Results PVI and MVD of the malignant nodules, in both transition zone (TZ) and peripheral zone (PZ), were significantly higher than those of the benign nodules, respectively (P＜0.05). There was positive correlation between PVI and MVD of the malignant nodules (rTZ=0.76;rPZ=0.79), but no correlation between PVI and MVD was found in TZ of benign nodules (r=0.18), while there was correlation between PVI and MVD in PZ (r=0.44). In TZ, the sensitivity and speciality of differentiation malignant nodules from benign nodules were 78.57% and 80.77%, respectively, and in PZ they were 62.07% and 91.00%, respectively. Conclusion As a quantitative parameter in PDUS, PVI can indirectly reflect the angiogenesis of prostate cancerous nodules, providing a new method for differentiation malignant nodules from benign nodules.

ObjectiveTo determine the validity of transcranial sonography (TCS) in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). MethodsTCS was performed in 100 patients with PD, 33 patients with ET and 100 normal controls in a blind manner. The echo signal intensity of the substantia nigra was classified into grade Ⅰ-Ⅴ for semi-quantitative analysis.When the echo intensity was gradeⅢ or more,it was deemed as abnormal and the area of the substantia nigra hyperechogenicity would be measured and its ratio to the area of the whole midbrain ( S/M ) would be calculated. Results ( 1 ) Semi-quantitative analysis: the ratio of the persons whose echo intensity of the substantia nigra was grade Ⅲ or more was greater (76. 00％ ,76/100) in PD than ET (9. 09％, 3/33) and normal controls ( 13.00％, 13/100; x2 = 130. 622, P ＜0. 01 ). However, there was no difference between ET and controls. (2) Quantitative analysis: the median and quartile range of the area of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity and S/M were greater in PD patients ( O. 54 ( 0. 57 ), 11.03 ( 9. 00 ) ) than ET ( 0. 00(0.04), 0.00(1.55),H= 42.39,42.19, both P＜0. 01, respectively) and normal controls (0.00(0. 00), 0. 00 (0. 00 ), H = 121.86,121.47, both P ＜ 0. 01, respectively), and there was no difference between ET and controls. (3) Using the area of hyperechogenicity ≥0. 20 cm2 or S/M ≥ 7％ as a cut off for predicting PD, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 85.39％, 78. 38％ and 81.50％ or 86. 02％,81.31％ and 83.50％ ,respectively. But there was no significant difference for the accuracy (Z = 0. 683,P ＞ 0. 05). ConclusionTCS might find the specific hyperechogenicity of substantia nigra in PD patients,providing useful information to distinguish PD from ET.

Objective To investigate the value of transrectal Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CETRUS)to discriminate benign and cancerous nodules in prostate. Methods Fifty-five patients with hypoechoic lesions(35 biopsy-proven benign nodules and 32 prostate cancer nodules)in the prostate underwent Color and power Doppler uhrasonography(PDUS),and the parameter of peak vascularization index(PVI)in each prostate nodule was recorded and the differences of PVI in the benign and cancerous nodules were analyzed.CETRUS was then performed on all cases.The enhancement patterns of the lesions and their surrounding peripheral zone tissues were observed.After CETRUS,lesion-specific TRUS-guided biopsy and the routine sextant biopsy were performed subsequently. Results PVI of 32 prostate cancerous nodules and 35 prostate benign nodules were (0.38±0.16),(0.24±0.19),respectively,measured by color Doppler ultrasonography.And the former was significantly higher than the latter(P=0.0023).PVI of the cancerous nodules and the benign nodules were(0.55±0.18),(0.32±0.21)(P<0.01).Malignant lesions showed significant increased peak intensity and earlier arrival time compared with their surrounding outer gland tissue,while benign lesions showed nearly equal peak intensity and time to enhancement compared with their surrounding gland tissue by CETRUS. Conclusions PVI measured by PDUS was more effective than that measured by color Doppler to discriminate benign and cancerous nodules in prostate.CETRUS could be helpful in discriminatory performance of benign and cancerous nodules in prostate.

Objective To observe the characteristics of normal prostate gland and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on transrectal real-time elastography (TRTE). Methods A total of 77 BPH patients and 17 normal subjects underwent TRTE. The elastographic images were analyzed with the five-point subjective elastic scale. The strain ratio of transition zone, peripheral zone, and transition zone to peripheral zone were respectively measured to compare the stiffness of each zone. Results The elasticity scores of both BPH group and normal prostate group were 1 and 2 in scoring system. There was no significant difference of elasticity scores between BPH group and normal prostate group (P=0.2252), as well as in strain ratio of transition zone (P=0.9793), peripheral zone (P=0.8986), and transition zone to peripheral zone (P=0.5233). Conclusion The stiffness of normal prostate gland and BPH could be offered by TRTE.