AIM:To study the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS), interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF?) on tissue factor(TF) expression of astrocytes. METHODS:Astrocytes were identified with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody. The TF activity of cell lysate was measured with one stage clotting assay. RESULTS:TF activity of astrocytes of LPS,IL-6,TNF? groups were obviously higher than that of the control group( P

Objective To explore the short term effects of five second-generation antipsychotics on the serum pro?lactin levels of first-episode schizophrenia patients. Methods Two hundred fifty first-episode schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into five groups and were then treated with risperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine or ziprasidone, respectively. The serum prolactin were tested at baseline, and every week following initiation of treatment. The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and the treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) were used to evalu?ate the effect and side effect of treatment. Results Repeated measure ANOVA for serum prolactin showed that the main effects of time, the main effect of group, and the interactive effect of time and group were significant (all P<0.01). At the first week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group was higher than all the other four groups (P<0.05). At the sec?ond, third, fourth and fifth week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group and olanzapine group was higher than the other three groups (P<0.05). At the end of the sixth week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group, olanzapine group and paliperidone group was higher than the quetiapine and ziprasidone groups (P<0.05). But serum prolactin level of risperidone group and olanzapine group was higher than that of paliperidone group (P<0.05). The changes of PANSS before and after treatment were significantly different among groups (P<0.05). However, the incidence of the side effects was not significantly different among groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The level of serum prolactin gradually increases in schizophrenia patients receiving treatment of antipsychotics. The short term effects of different second generation antipsy?chotics on serum prolactin vary differently. Risperidol and olanzapine result in the elevation of serum prolactin level in the early period of treatment.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of 25(OH)D level in children with ASD and its correlation with clinical features. Methods: A total of 196 children with ASD who received outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation training from January 2017 to January 2019 were included in ASD group, and 178 healthy children who visited the hospital during the same period were included in healthy control group. Differences in 25(OH)D levels and general data between study group and healthy control group were compared. In addition, ASD group was divided into 25(OH)D normal group and abnormal group in accordance with 25(OH)D level (≥30 ng/mL). Differences in general data, total score of CARS scale and factor scores were compared between two groups. Finally, the correlation between serum 25(OH)D level and CARS total score and factor scores of children with ASD was evaluated. Results: 25(OH)D level in ASD group was significantly lower than that in healthy control group (P<0.01). The incidence of sleep disorder, dietary bias, vomiting, constipation and diarrhea in children with ASD was statistically significant compared with that of healthy children (P<0.01); there were statistically significant differences in breastfeeding, sleep disorder, dietary bias and diarrhea between 25(OH)D normal group and abnormal group (χ2=4.97，8.69,6.67,3.98,P<0.05); there were statistically significant differences in 10 aspects including CARS total score, interpersonal relationship, imitation, emotional response, physical use ability, relationship with inanimate objects, adaptation to environmental changes, visual response, auditory response and general impression (P<0.05); there was a significant negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D level and CARS total score in children with ASD (r=-0.32, P<0.01). Conclusion Breastfeeding could reduce the risk of 25(OH)D abnormalities in children with ASD. 25(OH)D reduction would cause sleep disorder, dietary bias and gastrointestinal problems, while dietary bias and gastrointestinal problems would affect 25(OH)D uptake and absorption. 25(OH)D might be related to the occurrence of ASD in children. Serum 25(OH)D level could be used as a reference index for the severity of ASD in children.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of overexpressed proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsLevels of tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum of 31 CP children, 20 healthy children (as controls), 37 neonates with CP risk factors such as hypoxic-ischemic injury and/or perinatal infection, and 20 healthy neonates (as controls) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) retrospectively.ResultsLevels of TNF-α and IL-6 of CP children and neonates with CP risk factors were significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P<0.05). TNF-α level of CP children was significantly higher than that of neonates with CP risk factors (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in IL-6 level between two groups.ConclusionOverexpressed proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of CP and may be an independent risk factor of CP.

Objective:To comparison of three different beta blockers on murine hemangioma (EOMA cells) cells in vitro and in vivo effects.Preliminary study on the therapeutic effect of propranolol on vascular tumor in mice and possible mechanisms , provide a reference for beta blockers in the treatment of infantile hemangioma .Methods: Comparative study on the effects of three kinds of different β-receptor blockers---metoprolol, propranolol and butoxamine , on the proliferation and apoptosis of Mouse Hemangioendothelioma Endothelial cell (EOMA cells) was conducted in vitro.EOMA cells were cultured in vitro,randomly divided into different groups,propranolol and timolol were added into the medium respectively ,after 24 h intervention.MTT assay and acridine orange staining assay were conducted respectively to detect cell viability and apoptosis level .EOMA cells were transplanted into nude mice in vivo.Tumor volume growth to 100 mm3 ,animals were randomly divided into 4 groups respectively ,the control group ,metoprolol group,Bhutto Samin group and propranolol group ,drug group according to 2 mg/( kg? d) oral gavage ,control group were given an equal volume of saline ( NS ) , every two days measurement tumor volume size .Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in the end of the experiment.Results:For propranolol,after 24 h treatment,significant differences of cell viability and apoptosis were noted (P<0.05) at the concentration of 50 μmol/L,while continuing to increase to 800 μmol/L,the cell survival rate decreased sharply to close to 10%. Acridine orange staining at the 50 μmol/L group after 24 h revealed many apoptotic cells .For metoprolol and butoxa mine ,significant differences of cell viability and apoptosis were noted ( P<0.05 ) at the concentration of 100 μmol/L,while continuing to increase to 800μmol/L,the cell survival rate decreased sharply to close to 20%.It was significantly higher than propranolol group at the same concentration ( P<0.05 ) .It showed a similar trend in acridine orange staining .In vivo experiments showed that the end of the experiment of metoprolol , butoxamine group and propranolol drugs in mice tumor volume , respectively ( 1 642.8 ±89.3 ) , ( 1 529.3 ± 119.1) and (752.7±46.5)mm3,significantly lower than the control group of mice tumor volume of (2 023.3±123.0) mm3(P<0.001).Metoprolol,butoxamine mice and propranolol drugs group ,serum VEGF levels for (606.5±105.8 ) pg/ml,(534.3±243.2 ) pg/ml and (420.1±123.7) pg/ml, significantly lower than the PBS control group [(825.8±145.7) pg/ml,(P<0.05)],the TNF alpha result was followed by(301.3±62.3) pg/ml,(305.1±53.8) pg/ml and (288.8±59.5) pg/ml,significantly lower than the normal control group [(444±100.4) pg/ml,P<0.05].Conclusion:Three kinds of beta-blockers can effectively inhibit EOMA cells proliferation and induce apoptosis in vitro, the role of propranolol more significantly than butoxamine and metoprolol .Three kinds of beta blockers restrain the growth of the hemangioma in vivo ,in which the inhibitory effect of propranolol is stronger than the metoprolol and butoxa mine.Three kinds of beta blockers can lower the levels of VEGF and TNF-αin vivo.Indicating that propranolol on vascular tumor in mice may be one of the mechanisms of β1 and β2 receptor synergy effect and its mechanism in the treatment of hemangioma may be associated with VEGF and TNF-α.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and potential mechanism of Dihuangyin on 2， 4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB） -induced model mice with atopic dermatitis （AD）. MethodA mouse model with AD was established by repeatedly stimulating the back skin of mice with DNCB. After successful modeling， the mice were randomly divided into model group， Runzao group （0.78 g·kg^-1）， and high， medium， and low dose （40.30， 20.15， and 10.08 g·kg^-1） groups of Dihuangyin， with 12 mice in each group， and the blank group consisted of 12 mice， 72 in total. The administration groups were given the corresponding liquid by dose， and the blank group and model group were given the same dose of pure water by intragastric administration， once a day. The skin lesions and scratching times of mice were observed after continuous administration for two weeks. The back skin lesions of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and toluidine blue to observe the pathology. The contents of serum immunoglobulin E （IgE）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interferon-γ （IFN-γ） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ， IL-4， IL-6， Janus kinase 1 （JAK1）， and transcriptional activator 3 （STAT3） in skin lesion tissue were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The expressions of JAK1， phosphorylation（p）-JAK1， STAT3， and p-STAT3 proteins in skin lesion tissue were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， the back skin of the model group showed large-scale scab， dryness， erosion， hypertrophy with scratching， epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis， hyperacanthosis with edema， and a large number of mast cell infiltration in the dermis， some of which were degranulated. The contents of IgE， IL-4， IL-6， and IFN-γ in the serum of mice were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of p-JAK1， STAT3， and p-STAT3 and mRNA expressions of IL-4， IL-6， IFN-γ， JAK1， and STAT3 in skin lesion tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， only a small amount of dryness and desquamation were observed in the back skin of mice in each administration group， and cell edema was reduced. The inflammatory infiltration was significantly reduced， and the number of mast cell infiltration was significantly decreased. The serum IgE， IL-4， IL-6， and IFN-γ of mice were decreased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of p-JAK1， STAT3， and p-STAT3 and mRNA expressions of IL-4， IL-6， IFN-γ， JAK1， and STAT3 in skin lesion tissue were significantly decreased， and the effect of high dose group of Dihuangyin was the best （P<0.01）. ConclusionDihuangyin can improve skin lesions and pruritus in mice with AD， and its mechanism may be related to the effective regulation of cytokines on the helper T cells （Th1）/Th2 axis by interfering with the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway and affecting skin barrier function.