Objective] Discussing the relationship between COPD phenotypes and patterns of TCM. [Methods] Discussing the relationship by searching of documents about research of COPD phenotypes. [Result]The phenotype of chronicbronchitis and exacerbation, emphysema,inflammation,FEV1 declining or overlap syndrome may match with different patterns of TCM.[Conclusion] COPD phenotypes have similarities with patterns of TCM at component, influence and typing target.

Aim To investigate the effect of sevoflurane pretreatment on the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B)-DNA binding activity of leukocyte in peripheral blood of the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were divided randomly into two groups:control group(group C)and sevoflurane pretreatment group(group S).All patients were induced with midazolam 0.08~0.12 mg?kg-1,fentanyl 5~10 ?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1.After endotracheal intubation,mechanical ventilation was conducted with 100% oxygen.Anesthesia in group C was maintained with intermittent intravenous fentanyl and midazolam,while in group S maintained with 2MAC sevoflurane besides fentanyl and midazolam intermittently before CPB.The anesthesia depth was kept to maintain the systolic pressure within 90~120 mmHg in both groups.Sevoflurane was discontinued at the initiation of CPB,and the following anesthetic regimen was the same as that in group C.To examine the NF-?B-DNA binding activity,the arterial blood samples were withdrawn at the following time point:after endotracheal intubation and before inhaling sevoflurane(T0),30 min(T1),1 h(T2),2 h(T3),6 h(T4)after aortic de-clamping.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA)was used to measure the NF-?B-DNA binding activity of leukocyte.The dosage of fentanyl,midazolam,dopamine,sodium nitroprusside and the rate of spontaneous heart resuscitation in both groups were recorded.Results The NF-?B-DNA binding activity in group C was increased significantly after aortic de-clamping,and it reached to maximum at T1,but it was not changed significantly in group S from T0 to T4.The value of EMSA at all time points was lower in group S except T0 than that in group C(P

Aim To investigate the effects of Isofluraneon function,metabolism,ATPase activity and free radicals in isolated ischemia /reperfusion(I/R) rat hearts.Methods 56 SD rats were randomly divided into 7 small groups(n=7),or 2 big groups according to given drug.In a normal thermal isolated Langendorff rat heart model,Myocardial Adenosine triphosphate(ATP),Malodialdehyde(MDA),Activity of Ca2+-ATPase,Na+,K+-ATPase and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD)were determined.Results In isoflurane group,LVDP and dp/dt decreased,CF and ATP increased while the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase remained unchanged.The myocardial ATP content decreased slowly in isoflurane group.At the end of reperfusion,ventricular function,CF,myocardial ATP content and the activity of Ca2+-ATPase and SOD in isoflurane group were significantly higher while myocardial MDA was significantly lower than those in control group.Conclusion Isoflurane can depress myocardial systolic function and activity of Ca+-ATPase in normal myocardium,improve the recovery of function and metabolism,and increase CF and the activity of Ca2+-ATPase and Na+,K+-ATPase.

Objective To investigate the role of endogenous cystathionine beta synthase (CBS)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 180-220g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal (IP) 3% pentobarbiral 40 mg?kg-1. Global cerebral I/R was produced by 4-vessel occlusion. Bilateral vertebral arteries were cauterized and bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded with atraumatic clamps for 20 min. The clamps were then released to allow reperfusion. The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6 each) : group Ⅰ sham operation(C); groupⅡ I/R; in group Ⅲ (Z+I/R),Ⅳ(H+I/R) andⅤ(Z + H + I/R) zinc protoporphyrin (HO-1 inhibitor) 45 ?mol?kg-1 or/and 1 ml of 5 mmol?L-1 hydroxylamine (CBS inhibitor) were given IP 30 min before I/R. The animals were killed at 6h of reperfusion. Brains were removed immediately for determination of H2S, CO, GSH, MDA level and SOD activity and expression of CBS mRNA and HO-1 mRNA in hippocampus and histologic examination with electron microscope. Results H2S, CO, MDA content and CBS mRNA and HO-1 mRNA expression were significantly higher while GSH content and SOD activity were significantly lower in I/R group than in control group (sham operation) . CO content and HO-1 mRNA expression were significantly lower while H2S, GSH content and CBS mRNA expression were significantly higher in Z + I/R group than in I/R group. H2S, GSH content and CBS mRNA expression were significantly lower and CO content and HO-1 mRNA expression were significantly higher in H + I/R group than in I/R group. In Z + H + I/R group H2S, CO, GSH content, SOD activity and expression of HO-1 mRNA and CBS mRNA were significantly decreased whereas MDA content was significantly increased as compared with I/R group. Mitochondria in hippocampal neurons were severely damaged in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ and the damage was worst in group Z + H + I/R. Conclusion CBS/H2S and HO-1/CO systems can protect brain against I/R injury.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of topical anesthesia,conscious sedation and intravenous anesthesia during endoscopic varices ligation(EVL).Methods Patients underwent EVL were divided into 3 groups to receive different anesthetic methods,namely topical anesthesia,conscious sedation and intravenous anesthesia,with 50 subjects in each group.The changes of vital signs,the tolerance to stimulation of the procedure,the time of operation,the rate of complication were recorded and compared between 3 groups.Results The procedure of EVL were completed in all patients.In topical anesthesia group,40(80%)patients had nausea and vomiting,9 cases(1 8%)tried to pull out the endoscopy.The mucosa at the entrance of the esophagus were injured in 10 cases(20%).Massive bleeding occurred in 4 patients(8%)during operation because of nausea and vomiting.In conscious sedation group,only 7 patients(14%)had mild nausea and vomiting,and no complication of variceal bleeding occurred.The mucosa at the entrance of the esophagus was injured in 5 cases(10%).In intravenous anesthesia group,no patient had nausea or vomiting.The respiratory rate,heart rate and mean artery pressure decreased during the procedure,but without significant difference(P＞0.05).The operation time in intravenous anesthesia group WaS shorter than that in other two groups,but without significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion EVL can be completed under 3 different anesthetic methods,while EVL under conscious sedation is more effective and safe.

Objective:To observe the effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate injection on bronchus,lung tissue and amount of eosinophils(EOS)in rats with asthma and to discuss the mechanism of diammonium glycyrrhizinate intervention on airway inflammation in asthma.Methods:To divide 60 male SD rats into 6 groups as following:normal control group,model group,dexameth group,high dose of diammonium glycyrrhizinate group,middle dose of diammonium glycyrrhizinate group and low dose of diammonium glycyrrhizinate group(n=10).After setting up the model of rats with asthma,we detect the EOS in both rats'blood serum and bronchoalveolar lavage and observe the pathological change in bronchus and lung tissue in rats of each group.Results:Not only the amount of EOS of rats in model group is bigger than that in normal control group(P

Objective To compare the difference region of interest volume (ROI) calculation method between Pinnacle and Eclipse treatment planning system. Methods To acquire CT image with 3 of slice thickness (1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm). Delineate 1, 2 and 5 slices square and circle contours in Pinnacle treatment planning system. Meanwhile 15 cases that include 5 cases with head neck tumor, 5 with thorax tumor and 5 with abdomen tumor were selected. Those image and ROI were transfer to Eclipse treatment plan system by DICOM RT protocol . The ROI volume was compared between two TPS . Results For ROI with small volume, the volume difference between TPS was obvious (for small volume ROI have 12 times difference, for big volume ROI almost same). The volume difference between TPS was influenced by many factors. The number of ROI slice and the magnitude of ROI was related with the difference between TPS (R2 = 1. 000, P = 0. 000). The CT thickness (R2 = 0. 200, P = 0. 972 ) and the shape of ROI ( R2 =0. 200, P = 0. 089) were not significant factors. The center of ROI on different axis was not affect the volume calculation in Pinnacle, which cause 3% different in Eclipse. The CT thickness was proportional to the ROI volume ( Pinnacle R2 = 0. 548, P = 0. 011; Eclipse R2 = 0. 502, P = 0. 027 ). In clinical case, optic chiasm and Len averagely have more than 35% volume difference between those two TPS. Conclusions We should pay more attention about the difference volume calculation algorithm between Pinnacle and Eclipse,especially when transfer small volume ROI to another TPS, which may have significant difference.

Objective:To investigate the effects of serum from smoking individuals with periodontitis in the process of Fusobocterium.Nucleatum(Fn)invading KB cells and the expression of matrixmetalloproteinase1(MMP1)of KB cells.Methods:Serum was prepared from 10 smokers with periodontitis(group Y),10 nonsmokers with periodontitis(group N)and 5 periodontal healthy nonsmokers(group H).Serum of 200,400 and 800 μl from the subjects was added to the model of Fn invading KB cells respectively and cultured for 24 hours,the cfu of cellinvaded bacteria was estimated by colony counting.MMP1 protein level in culture supernatant wasmeasured by ELISA.Results:In the 800 μl serum groups,the percentage of invaded cfu was 12.59 ±1.27,8.03 ±0.075 and 7.99±0.14 in group Y,N and H(P ＜0.05)respectively,the concentration(μg/L)of MMP1 in the cultrue supernatant of group Y,Nand H was 400.04 ±21.02,252.57 ±18.89 and 262.47 ±35.29(P ＜0.05)respectively.In the 200 μl and 400 μl serum groups,no significant difference was detected in invasion cfu of Fn in KB cells and MMP1 secrition of KB cells among Y,N and H groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Higher doses of smokingserum might play a role in the course of Fn invading KB cells and promote the expression of MMP1 secretion from KB cells.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the spatial structure of pulmonary vascular tree and oxygen partial pressure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) by the fractal dimension method.Methods 106 patients with COPD and 100 healthy people without COPD as controls were included in this study.All of the patients underwent multidetector CT scan and blood gas analysis.The pulmonary vascular trees were generated using post-processing software,and the FD of the pulmonary vascular trees were determined with ImageJ software in a personal computer.The fractal dimension were evaluated in the two groups.The relationship between FD and oxygen partial pressure in patients with COPD was analyzed.Results The FD value of the patients with COPD was lower than that of the patients without COPD (t =5.21,P＜ 0.01).There was a significant correlation between FD and the PaO2 in patients with COPD (r=0.692,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion FD analysis can effectively evaluate the process of pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by hypoxia in patients with COPD,which may be used as an important index for quantitative evaluation of pulmonary vascular remodeling in the course of COPD.

Objective To compare the effects of tracheal intubation (TI) and laryngeal mask (LM) during general anesthesia (GA) induction on the α 1-band of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography (QPEEG).Methods Fortypatients undergoing GA were randomly divided into two groups:group T included 20 patients who received TI and group L included 20 who received a LM.Parameters like heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP),and QPEEG were recorded before anesthesia induction (T0),after induction (T1),and after intubating the cannula or LM (T2).Using power-spectrum analysis,we calculated the power percentage of the α 1-band of QPEEG.Results The HR,MAP,and power percentage of the α 1-band in most areas of the brain were lower at T1 than at T0 (P ＜ 0.05) in both groups.Moreover,the HR,MAP,and α 1-band power percentage were higher at T2 than at T1 (P ＜ 0.05) in group T,whereas they showed no significant change at T2 (P ＞ 0.05) in group L.Conclusion TI is stronger than LM for stimulating the circulatory system.Moreover,TI may cause an increase in the power percentage of the α 1-band of QPEEG.This finding suggests that the α1-band power percentage of QPEEG can be an effective means of monitoring stimulation.