Objective To compare the effectiveness and side-effect of different bowel preparations. Methods Three hundreds and twelve patients preparing for colonoscopy were randomly divided into four groups; oral mannitol group ( group A) , oral senna leaf group ( group B) , colon cleaning device group (group C) and combination of group B and C (group D). Under the colonoscopy, the endoscopist blindly scored the cleaning of each bowel segment as class 0 to 4 (0, fecal mass at rectosigmoid; 1, cleaning up to sigmoid; 2, cleaning up to descending colon; 3, cleaning up to transverse colon; 4, cleaning of entire colon ) and the degree of cleaning as optimal (Ⅰ) , acceptable ( Ⅱ ) or dissatisfied (Ⅲ). Results The cleaning rate (88. 6% ) of pan colon in group D was higher than that of group A ( 15. 4% , P

The needle-recording electrodes deviced by the author and the improved recording method were applied in this article. Firstly, the lumbar spinal evoked potentials (LPs) and cortial somatosensory evoked potentials (CPs)to the stimulation of tiable nerves and segmental (radcular) cutaneous nerves (superficial peroneal and sural nerves )were recorded in 50 normal volunteers. Then similiar thacings were recorded and observed in 48 patients with unilateral L_5 or S_1 root compression. We found that the LP to the segmental cutaneous nerve stimulation was abnormal in 85%, and its CP in 48%. The LP to the tiable nerve stimulation was abnormal in 33%,and its CP only in 8%.

Objective To investigate the effect of Qidan Tongmai tablet (QDTMT) on apoptosis and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of ischemia/reperfusion myocardium in rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into 4 groups:Sham, ischemia/reperfusion (control), QDTMT-Ⅰ (1.08 g/kg) treatment and QDTMT-Ⅱ (3.24 g/kg) treatment. Anesthetized and the open-chest animals were subjected to 40 min of myocardium ischemia followed by 4 h-reperfusion. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfease-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. The activity of NOS in heart tissue was assessed by chemical assay. Results Pretreatment with QDTMT at different doses reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis indexes significantly compared with the control (P

AIM: To investigate the effect of heme oxygenase /carbon monoxide(HO/CO) system on the pathogenesis of hypertension and effect of Heme-L- Lysinate(HLL), Zine protoporphyrin-IX(ZnPPIX) on vascular tension in a two kidney one-clip model. METHODS: The changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate as well as phenylephrine(PHE)-induced contraction in isolated aortic rings of HLL, ZnPPIX- treated rats were examined after intraperitoneal administration of HLL and carbon monoxide( CO). RESULTS: (1) Injection of exogenous CO resulted in a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure in Sham and 2K1C groups(P

To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis, NO production was measured indirectly as nitrite in serum and synovial fluid samples from patients with steroid-induced femoral head necrosis together with serum samples from healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. The results showed that:① serum nitrite concentration in patients with femoral head necrosis were significantly lower than that in controls (P＜0.001); ② nitrite level of synovial fluid was markedly higher than that of serum. In addition, there was a positive correlation between them (r＝0.378,P＜0.05). We reach the conclusion:① NO is synthesized by synovium and chondrocytes; ② the decreased NO concentration in serum suggests a protective role in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Kangfengshi Granules (KFSG) on expressions of the mRNAs of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in bone tissues of rats with collagen-induced arthritis. METHODS: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, untreated group, cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated group and KFSG-treated group. Except the rats in the normal control group, all the other rats received subcutaneous injection of collagen II to establish collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. Then the rats in each group were fed normal saline or corresponding drugs for four weeks. Total RNA was extracted from carpal and digital bones. The expressions of OPG, RANKL and M-CSF mRNAs were examined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The total incidence of arthritis induced by collagen II in the rats was approximately 90%. The expression levels of RANKL and M-CSF mRNAs and the RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA ratio in the untreated group, KFSG-treated group and CsA-treated group were all significantly higher than those in the normal control group, while the expression levels of OPG mRNA in those three groups were significantly lower than that in the normal control group. The expression level of OPG mRNA in the KFSG-treated group was obviously higher while the expression level of M-CSF mRNA and the RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA ratio in the same group were both lower as compared with those in the untreated group. CONCLUSION: The molecular mechanism of effects of KFSG on bone erosion and destruction induced by rheumatoid arthritis is closely correlated with up-regulating the expression of OPG mRNA, down-regulating the expression of M-CSF mRNA and RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA ratio.

Objective To improve the diagnostic quality of tumors composed of smooth muscles in alimentary tract.Methods The clinical and X-ray date of 40 cases of smooth musles tumors confirmed by surgery and pathological examination.Results Fifteen cases in the esophagus (including leiomyoma 14,leiomyosarcoma 1)showed the following X-ray appearence:filling defect,unfolding of mucous membrane,widening of the canal and pericanal mass 25 cases in the stomach and intestine(including leiomyoma 6,leiomyoplastoma 7,leiomyosarcoma 12)showed the following X-ray changes depending on the way of tumor,grows,cyst formation caused by tumor necrosis,compression of the stomach or intestine and adjacent organs,rarely seen calcification in tumor.The X-ray changes of small intermascular leiomyoma were short of specific X-ray signs.Conclusion X-ray exeamination is a reliable diagnostic method for smooth muscles tumors in alimentary tract.

To determine whether the pathological changes caused by injury to the spinal cord can be correlated with values obtained by the Magnetic Motor Evoked Potential (MEPs) technique, we studied spinal cords from 41 adult cats who were divided into 4 groups. The groups ranged from normal cats whose spinal cords were not compressed, to slightly, moderately and severely injured. MEPs were recorded before compression and in 30 minutes, 6 hours, 1 week, 2 week and 4 week after the compression unit was installed. Pathological changes with increased pressure were seen in blood vessels, nerve cells and fibers, Nissl substance and the central canal. A reversal of pathological changes was observed in slight or moderate injury during the 4 weeks of the experiment. Extensive injury, however, caused irreversible changes in the nerve cells with loss of motor function. The latency of MEPs at 30 minutes and 6 hours in the slightly injured group was 0.37 and 0.38 times greater than the baseline and returned to normal levels in 4 weeks. In the moderately injured group, the latency was increased 0.77 and 0.81 times and in the severely injured 1.32 and 1.36 times over the baseline. Recovery in the second group was partial and not at all in the severely injured. Thus, there appears to be good correlation between observed pathological changes, motor functions and MEPs.

AIM: To study the alterations of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and the role of heme oxygenase(HO)/carbon monoxide(CO)pathway in the disorders of regulation of cardiovascular system by LPS. METHODS: LPS (final concentrations 10 mg/L,30 mg/L and 50 mg/L) was added in cultured VSMCs for 6 h respectively or 10 mg/L LPS for 9 h and 18 h. MDA content, LDH release and the rate of trypan blue uptake of VSMC were measured. HO-1 mRNA expression was examined by Northern Blot. RESULTS: VSMC HO-1 mRNA expression was increased gradually with the increasing of LPS concentration. When final concentration of LPS was 50 mg/L, the HO-1 mRNA expression of VSMC was increased by 176.7% compared with control. When LPS final concentration was 10 mg/L, the HO-1 mRNA expression increased gradually along with the culture time. When cultured for 18 h, the HO-1 mRNA expression of VSMC was increased by 195.6% compared with control. Only at LPS 50 mg/L for 6 h and 10 mg/L for 18 h, the rate of trypan blue uptake，MDA content and LDH release were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: LPS can induce the HO-1 mRNA expression of VSMC and that were dose-dependent and time-dependent. The inducible HO may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular system under LPS.

AIM: To study the alterations of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and the role of heme oxygenase(HO)/carbon monoxide(CO)pathway in the disorders of regulation of cardiovascular system by LPS. METHODS: LPS (final concentrations 10 mg/L,30 mg/L and 50 mg/L) was added in cultured VSMCs for 6 h respectively or 10 mg/L LPS for 9 h and 18 h. MDA content, LDH release and the rate of trypan blue uptake of VSMC were measured. HO-1 mRNA expression was examined by Northern Blot. RESULTS: VSMC HO-1 mRNA expression was increased gradually with the increasing of LPS concentration. When final concentration of LPS was 50 mg/L, the HO-1 mRNA expression of VSMC was increased by 176.7% compared with control. When LPS final concentration was 10 mg/L, the HO-1 mRNA expression increased gradually along with the culture time. When cultured for 18 h, the HO-1 mRNA expression of VSMC was increased by 195.6% compared with control. Only at LPS 50 mg/L for 6 h and 10 mg/L for 18 h, the rate of trypan blue uptake,MDA content and LDH release were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: LPS can induce the HO-1 mRNA expression of VSMC and that were dose-dependent and time-dependent. The inducible HO may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular system under LPS. [