[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationships between the characteristics of the upper airway anatomy, including the basis nasi, and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS). METHODSFifty OSAHS patients and 40 normal subjects received three-dimensional CT scan and poly somnography(PSG). Variables between the two groups were compared. The association between the PSG parameters and the upper airway anatomic features were analyzed. RESULTSThere were significant differences in several CT variables between OSAHS patients and normal subjects(P<0.05), including the minimal lateral airway dimension and the minimal cross-sectional airway area of both velopharynx and glossopharynx, the minimal anterior-posterior airway dimension of velopharynx, and the airway width of basis nasi. The result of logistic regression analysis suggested that the minimal cross-sectional airway area of velopharynx and the airway width of basis nasi were significant predictors of the OSAHS(P<0.05, the values of the odds ratio were 0.978 and 0.589). The correlation analysis suggested that the airway width and the airway area of basis nasi both correlated significantly with several CT variables of pharynx(P<0.05), among these results, the correlation coefficents between these two variables and the mCSA of velopharynx were 0.536 and 0.425 respectively. CONCLUSIONNarrowed basis nasi and velopharynx might be important anatomical features in OSAHS patients. There are correlations between the characteristics of basis nasi and the anatomy of pharyngeal airway.

Objective To study the mechanism of unscheduled Cyclin B1 expression at G_1 phase which is usually at G_2/M phase.Methods Human peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) from healthy volunteers were firstly activated by PHA and then went into cell cycle.The cells were collected at 0,36,48 and 60 h after activation and divided into two parts:one for Cyclins/DNA muhiparameter assay,and another for Post-sorting Western blot.Results After activation by PHA,Cyclin B1 and CDK1 of lymphocytes were expressed at G_1 phase.Conclusion Unscheduled Cyclin B1/CDKl probably contributes to lymphocytes in vivo into cell cycle.

Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a highly selective molecularly targeted phototherapy for cancer which is based on injecting a conjugate of IRDye700DX,a water-soluble near-infrared silicon-phthalocyanine dye,and a monoclonal antibody that targets an antigen on the cancer cell surface. Subsequent local irradiation of NIR light causes the rapid and specific tumor cell death. Due to the good clinical translation prospects of NIR-PIT,this paper summarizes the influencing factors,antitumor mechanism,main challenges and recent strategies,which may benefit for its research and clinical application.

The recurrence of colorectal polyps is caused by various factors and leads to the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, which ranks third in incidence and fourth in mortality among cancers worldwide. The potential risk factors for colorectal polyp recurrence have been demonstrated in multiple trials. However, an article that pools and summarizes the various results is needed. This review enumerates and analyzes some risk factors in terms of patient characteristics, procedural operations, polyp characteristics, and dietary aspects to propose some effective prophylactic measures. This review aimed to provide a reference for clinical application and guide patients to prevent colorectal polyp recurrence in a more effective manner.

The aim of this study was to prepare the nanoconjugates for targeted photodynamic therapy of brain cancer by using eight-arm polyethylene glycol(8PEG)as the carrier and cRGD as the targeting ligand, and to investigate the antitumor effect and its mechanism. UV-Vis spectra and confocal microscopy were used for characterization and cellular uptake behavior of nanoconjugates respectively. Alamar Blue assay and Calcein AM/PI staining were applied to investigate the cytotoxocity of nanoconjugates against tumor cells, and tumor spheroid growth curve was used to assess the tumor growth suppression effect. In addition, the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS), apoptosis and spheroid permeability test was used to reveal the antitumor mechanism of nanoconjugates. The results showed that cRGD-8PEG-IR700 was taken up efficiently by integrin overexpressed U87MG cells, while almost no uptake was found in integrin free NIH/3T3 cells. Remarkable photokilling effect against U87MG cells was only shown in cRGD-8PEG-IR700 group due to the light-induced ROS generation and apoptosis, whereas growth suppression effect was also observed in U87MG spheroids treated with cRGD-8PEG-IR700 plus light owing to the superior penetration ability of targeted nanoconjugates. Hence, tumor-targeted PEG nanoconjugates may provide a promising drug delivery system for photodynamic therapy of cancers.

The aim of this study was to prepare albumin nanoparticles by thermal driven self-assembly, and to investigate the formation mechanism, cellular uptake, the kinetics of cellular uptake and intracellular degradation, etc. By measuring the concentrations of thiol, amino and carboxyl groups, the formation mechanism of albumin nanoparticles was revealed. CCK-8 assay was performed to detect the cytotoxicity; inverted fluorescence microscope was used to observe the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles; while the fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)method was applied to investigate the cellular uptake and intracellular degradation kinetics. The drug-loading capacity was investigated using paclitaxel(PTX)as the model drug. The results showed that the albumin nanoparticles produced by thermal driven self-assembly were safe, nontoxic, biodegradable and stabilized by intermolecular disulfide and amide bonds. The drug-loading study indicates that PTX can be highly encapsulated in the nanoparticles. Hence, thermal driven self-assembly method is green and easy to operate, and the albumin nanoparticles can be applied as a new delivery platform for anticancer drugs.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic external tension band fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of greater tubercle fracture of the humerus.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 55 patients with greater tubercle fracture of the humerus admitted to Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from September 2019 to June 2022, including 24 males and 31 females, aged 26-80 years [(61.7±10.5)years]. Out of them, 35 patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation (open reduction group), and 20 patients were treated with external anchor tension band under arthroscopy (arthroscopy group). The operation time, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant-Murley score and shoulder active range of motion (anterior flexion, abduction and posterior extension) before operation, at 1 month after operation and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. Bone healing was observed in both groups at the last follow-up. Postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-29 months [(16.9±4.0)months]. There was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the VAS score, ASES score, Constant-Murley score and shoulder active range of motion between the two groups before operation ( P>0.05). The VAS score of the arthroscopy group was 3(2, 3)points at 1 month after operation, which was significantly lower than that of the open reduction group [4(3, 4) points] ( P<0.01). No significant difference was found in the VAS score at the last follow-up between the two groups ( P>0.05).The ASES scores of the arthroscopy group were (70.6±4.2)points and (90.2±3.7)points at 1 month after operation and at the last follow-up respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the open reduction group [(64.7±6.4)points and (87.5±4.9)points respectively] ( P<0.05 or 0.01). There was no significant difference in the Constant-Murley score between the arthroscopy group [(71.8±4.3)points] and the open reduction group [(70.9±5.3)points] at 1 month after operation ( P>0.05), while the Constant-Murley score of the arthroscopy group was (94.1±3.1)points at the last follow-up, which was significantly higher than that of the open reduction group [(89.2±4.7)points] ( P<0.01). At 1 month after operation and at the last follow-up, ranges of motion of the anterior flexion, abduction and posterior extension were (52.7±12.3)° and (140.0±16.9)°, (57.4±8.6)° and (125.0±14.3)°, and 16(15, 19)° and 25(20, 30)° in the arthroscopy group respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the open reduction group [(42.2±5.2)° and (110.9±14.0)°, (52.8±6.0)° and (103.7±11.7)°, and 10(10, 20)° and 16(15, 25)° respectively] ( P<0.05 or 0.01). At the last follow-up, it was found that bony union was achieved in both groups. There were no obvious complications such as incision infection or joint stiffnessin both groups. In the open reduction group, 2 patients had internal fixation failure within 1-3 months after operation but was treated with revision operation; 6 patients developed shoulder stiffness at 3-6 months after operation but had outpatient rehabilitation. The incidence rate of postoperative complications in the arthroscopy group [0%(0/20)] was significantly lower than that in the open reduction group [23%(8/35)] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws, arthroscopic external anchor tension band fixation in the treatment of greater tuberosity fracture of the humerus has the advantages of earlier pain relief, better shoulder functional improvement, better recovery of shoulder mobility, and fewer complications.

Objective:To confirm the mechanism of Sedum alfredii extract (SafE) alleviating radiation injury in human small intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC-6). Methods:HIEC-6 cells were divided into 4 groups, including control group (Con), irradiation group (IR), SafE alone group (SafE) and SafE plus irradiation group (SafE+ IR). All of the SafE groups were treated with 0.02 g/ml (W/V) SafE for 24 h. Cell viability (CCK-8 method ) and intracellular ROS levels were investigated at 24 h after 2, 4, and 6 Gy irradiation. Samples were taken at 24 h after 4 Gy irradiation for transcriptome analysis, and the intracellular E3 ubiquitin ligase PRKN expression level was measured. The thickness of endoplasmic reticulum was detected at 24 h after 4 Gy irradiation using fluorescent dye.Results:SafE could maintain cell viability after irradiation ( t=2.94-10.40, P<0.05), and significantly reduced the level of ROS in the irradiated cells ( t=-13.29--4.53, P<0.05). PRKN was preliminarily verified to be the target gene of SafE that maintained PRKN transcript level and endoplasmic reticulum thickness after irradiation (IR group vs. Con group: t=-5.55, 3.27, P<0.05, SafE group vs. SafE+ IR group: P>0.05). Conclusion:SafE is effective in maintaining ER thickness and reducing cellular radiation damage and its target gene PRKN could be regulated by ionizing radiation.

Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging tumor-targeted phototherapy that combines the tumor specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the phototoxicity of light absorbers to rapidly and selectively induce the immunogenic death of target tumor cells. PIT has minimal side effects due to its high specificity. The immunogenic cell death induced by PIT results in rapid maturation of immature dendritic cells proximal to dying tumor cells. Subsequently, the mature dendritic cells present the tumor antigens to CD8+ T cells and induce their activation and proliferation, thus enhancing the antitumor immune response of the host. PIT can also improve the anticancer efficacy by enhancing the penetration of nanomedicines into tumor tissues. In view of the excellent application prospects of PIT, this review summarizes the advances in the immune activation mechanism of PIT, the superenhanced permeability and retention effect, and the new strategies for combinatory therapy, providing references for future research and clinical translation.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Phototherapy