Objective: To explore the role and the possible mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) in modulating the remodeling of aorta of hypertensive rats. Methods: Twenty-four male WKY rats were randomly divided into WKY control group, WKY+ NaHS (H 2S donor) group and WKY+PPG group. Another twenty-four male SHR rats at the age of 4 weeks were also divided into SHR control group, SHR+NaHS group and SHR+PPG group. SHR control and WKY control rats were injected with water, rats of SHR+NaHS group and WKY+ NaHS group were injected with NaHS, rats of SHR +PPG group and WKY +PPG group were injected with PPG each day. Five weeks later, the blood pressure was determined. The rat aortas were dyed with Weigert’s Method. The morphometric parameters including outer radius, lumen radius and the media area were calculated by Leica workstation. The proliferation of smooth muscle cells was detected by immunohistochemical assay of PCNA. Results: The morphometric parameters of outer radius, lumen radius, medium area, and the ratio of wall thickness to lumen radius in SHR control rats were all higher than those of WKY control rats [outer radius (1 999?45) ?m vs (1 790? 96) ?m, lumen radius(1 759?91) ?m vs (1 636?94) ?m, medium area (0.60?0.06) ?m 2 vs (0.48? 0.03) ?m 2, and the ratio of wall thickness to lumen radius (0.066?0.006) vs (0.060? 0.004)]. Expression of PCNA in aorta of SHR control rats was higher than that of WKY con-trol rats too. Most of the structural remodeling parameters decreased in the rats of SHR+NaHS group [outer radius(1 864?66) ?m, lumen radius (1 634?66) ?m, medium area (0.53?0.06) ?m 2] compared with those in rats of SHR control group. Expression of PCNA in aorta of SHR+NaHS control rats decreased compared with that of SHR control rats at the same time. Conclusion: H 2S is one of the key factors playing important roles in the modulation of the structural remodeling in aorta of SHR rats. Exogenous administration of H 2S may attenuate the development of hypertensive rat aorta remodeling effectively.

Objective To study the relation between the level of central N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system and the degree of morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats. Methods We established the morphine-dependence model in rats,stimulated addiction by naloxone after intracerebroventricular injection of glutamic acid/ketamine/MK-801,and then observed the effects on rats' morphine withdrawal syndrome. Results Glutamic acid significantly raised the behavior scores of teeth chattering,wet shakes,writhing,penis licking and weight loss,while ketamine and MK-801 decreased the scores. Conclusion Changes of central NMDA system obviously affect morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats,which may be useful laboratory evidence in selecting new no-opiod therapeutic medicine for morphine resistance and addiction.

BACKGROUND: Different processes of thinking may lead to the same results, which represent one of the forms of the complexity of the human brain.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the similarity in the results of thinking and difference in the thinking process by means of questionnaires.DESIGN: A comparative analysis of the answers in the final term examination with the difference in answers analyzed by x2 test with contingency table.SETTING: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: This study was conducted between June and November,2004, involving totally 300 volunteered second-year medical students (150male and 150 female, aged 20-22 years) of the medical school of Henan Science and Technology University who took their final examination in physiology.METHODS: The first "question for thinking" in the final examination was taken as an example, and the papers with full score for this question (completely correct group, n=42) and zero score (totally wrong group, n=49)were chosen, from which one paper was randomly selected from each group. The first 10 words in the answer to the question was used as the control and compared with the answers of the other papers word by word.Each same word was given a score of 1 and otherwise a score of 0, and the number of the same words and different words were counted for comparison. Meanwhile the total words of the answer were also counted and compared. The difference in the answers was analyzed with x2 test with contingency table.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The difference in the first 10 words between completely correct group and totally wrong group.RESULTS: Totally 42 students in the complete correct group and 49 in totally wrong group were included in the final result analysis. The number of the total words of the answer was different between the students in spite of the same scores. The first 10 words of the chosen paper in completely correct group was significantly different from those in the other 41 papers (x2=270.978, P ＜ 0.01); there was also significant difference in the first 10words between the chosen paper and the other 41 papers in totally wrong group (x2=285.153, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Longitudinal thinking as well as lateral thinking processes are different between persons.

Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Tumor Necrosis Factors

BACKGROUND: Cassia seed acts on decreasing blood pressure and blood lipid, protecting liver and inhibiting bacteria. It is worth to carry on a further discussion on its effect of weight loss.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of cassia seed decoction drunk naturally on body mass of nutritional obese rats in physiological state.DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping was designed, in which, control experiment, analysis of variance and q test were applied in comparison among groups.SETTING: Cardiovascular Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Cardiovascular Instutute,Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology from March 2004 to September 2004, in which, 27 male SD rats were employed and randomized into 3 groups, named normal control group, model group and cassia seed group, 9 rats in each one.METHODS: [1] In normal control, the rats were bred with basic forage(the contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate were 18.2%, 4.5% and 55.2%successively, with 14.54 kJ caloric each gram) and drank water naturally.In model group, the rats were bred with high nutritive forage (the contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate were 23.7%, 21.6% and 39.0% successively,with 19.56 kJ caloric each gram) and drank water naturally. In cassia seed group, the rats were bred with high nutritive forage and drank cassia seed decoction of various concentration naturally. The concentration of cassia seed decoction started at 10 g/L (equally contained 10 mg raw cassia seed each milliliter) and was increased by 100% concentration each day (10 g/L)till to 60 g/L on the 6th day. Since the 7th day, the concentration of 60 g/L was maintained till to the 7th weekend. [2] It was to record appetite and drinking quantity at definite time every day and calculate absorbed caloric(intake mass × caloric contained each gram). It was to measure body mass at definite time each week. On the 7th weekend, the body length of rat was measured and Lee's index was calculated [ 3√body mass (g)×103/body length (cm)]MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Influences of cassia seed on body mass, Lee's index, appetite, caloric and drinking quantity in nutritional obese rats.RESULTS: Twenty-seven rats all entered result analysis. [1] Body mass:that in model group from the 3rd to 7th week in experiment group was higher remarkably than normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). That in cassia seed group from the 2nd to 7th week was lower remarkably than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). [2] Lee's index: that in model group and cassia seed group on the 7th week of experiment was higher remarkably than that in the normal control group [(358.60±8.55), (341.84±7.29), (322.00±6.89) g/cm, P ＜ 0.05-0.01] and that in cassia seed group was lower remarkably than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.05). [3] Appetite: that in model group and cassia seed group was lower remarkably than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01) and that in cassia seed group was near to the control group (P ＞ 0.05). [4] Absorbed caloric: that in model group and cassia seed group was higher remarkably than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01) and that in cassia seed group was near to the control group (P ＞ 0.05). [5] Drinking quantity: that in cassia seed group was basically near to that in the model group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05) and that in model group was near to the control group. It was indicated that cassia seed decoction at mass concentration of 60 g/L did not affect appetite.CONCLUSION: Cassia seed decoction at mass concentration of 60 g/L inhibits remarkably the increased body mass of nutritional obese rats and is free from influence on appetite.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of drug phonophoresis therapy in the treatment of acute iridocyclitis.Methods According to randomized block design,104 patients with acute iridocyclitis were divided into the control group of 52 cases (72 eyes)with 1％ atropine mydriasis,oral prednisone tablets and subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone treatment,76 eyes of 52 cases in the treatment group with 1％ atropine mydriasis,oral prednisone tablets and dexamethasone phonophoresis intraocular treatment.Results Compared with the control group,the cure rates of treatment group and control group were 84.2％ and 58.5％ respectively,there was significantly significant difference between the two groups(x2 =12.598,P =0.000),oral hormone time from the beginning to the first reduction[treatment group and control group were (5.12 ± 1.00) d and (7.32 ± 0.97) d respectively (t =-13.495,P =0.000)] and oral hormone total time [treatment group and control group were (27.82 ± 4.84) d and (35.49 ± 4.74) d respectively (t =-9.720,P =0.000)] were significantly shortened,complications decreased significantly[conjunctival edema rate (x2 =9.657,P =0.002),subconjunctival hemorrhage rate (x2 =6.601,P =0.010),conjunctival scarring rate (x2 =4.340,P =0.037),pain rate (x2 =63.419,P =0.000) and oculocardiac reflectivity rate (x2 =33.293,P =0.000)] and patient satisfaction improved significantly (treatment group and control group were 94.7％ and 69.4％ respectively) (x2 =16.333;P =0.000).Conclusion Dexamethasone phonophoresis therapy has better clinical efficacy and higher cure rate,and it is non-invasive,safe and reliable,less complications and high satisfaction in the treatment of acute iridocyclitis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with maintenance hemodialysis, and to analyze the potential risk factors. Methods The clinical data of 472 patients with maintenance hemodialysis from 7 blood purification centers were collected. Patients were divided into the MS group and the non-MS group. The demographic data , anthropometric examinations , dialysis prescription and results of laboratory were compared between these two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of MS. Results The morbidity of MS was 34.75%. There were significant differences in weight , waist circumference , waist-hip ratio , frequency of dialysis , time of hemodialysis perweek , urea reduction ratio, urea clearance index (Kt/v), iron, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), leukocytes, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) between these two groups (P < 0.05, resectively). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that iron (OR = 1.084, P = 0.042), iPTH (OR = 1.754, P = 0.035), waist-hip 1ratio (OR = 2.013,P = 0.021), hs-CRP (OR = 4.245,P = 0.000)were correlated with MS. Conclusion The morbidity of MS in patients with maintenance hemodialysis is higher. Iron, iPTH, waist-hip ratio, hs-CRP are potential risk fctors of MS for the patients with maintenance hemodialysis.

Aim To explore the interaction between nitric oxide( NO) and hydrogen sulfide(H 2S) on the relaxation reactivity of pulmonary arteries in rats.Methods Seven male healthy rats were anaesthesed with chloral hydrate; the pulmonary artery of each rat was removed for the study. Th e reactivities of pulmonary artery rings in response to different doses of NO do nar-sodium nitroprusside(SNP) and H 2S donar-NaHS were measured in vitro.DL-propargylglycine(PPG)and N?-nitor-L-methyl ester(L-NAME) were provided to pulmonary artery, respectively;the relaxation reactivities of pulmonary artery were observed.Results The relaxation reactivities of pulmonary arteries showed a dose-dependent increase in response to different doses of SNP and H 2S.The relaxation reactivity to SNP decreased by PPG. The relaxation reactivity to H 2S decreased by L-NAME.Conclusion H 2S acted as a vasorelaxator either independently or accompanied with NO, SNP acted as a vasorelaxator either independently or accompanied with H 2S;the networ k of gastransmitter played an important role in the relaxation of pulmonary arte ries.

Hypertensive crisis is defined as significantly elevated blood pressure accompanied by heart,kidney and central nervous system and other target organ damage. Hypertensive crisis is rare but often occult in children. It acts as a serious threatening to children′s health. At different ages,there are different eti-ologies of composition. So the hypertensive children need to be monitored closely,and given targeted individ-ualized treatment. Venous anti-hypertensive drugs are recommended to be used under monitoring as initial treatment to control the blood pressure decline speed precisely,and then gradually changed to oral anti-hyper-tensive drugs,to maximize the protection of target organs and avoid permanent damage caused by fluctuation of the blood pressure.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and the prospect of Infliximab in treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) patients.Methods Clinical features,inflammatory markers and coronary changes were observed in 2 cases of IVIG-resistant KD patients hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital,who were treated effectively by Infliximab.Relevant researches on the mechanism and progress of the Infliximab treatment for IVIG-resistant KD in the last 10 years were reviewed at the same time.Results Two KD patients hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital had been treated with 2 g/kg IVIG for 2 times and followed by methylprednisolone treatment.However,fever and other clinical manifestations occurred again after 2 days and 6 days when temperature returned normal.They both defervesced and all the symptoms were improved after 1 dose of Infliximab (5 mg/kg) by laboratory examinations.Four published literatures of the basic research and 9 retrospective or prospective clinical researches of Infliximab treatment of KD showed that Infliximab alleviated the inflammatory level in the KD patients significantly.Complete remission was up to 72.73％-92.11％.Those KD patients defervesced within 12 h,with dramatic improvement of symptoms and signs.Arthralgia also disappeared in the patients with arthritis.Only 1 case was complicated with hepatitis in the acute phase and cholecystitis in recovery time.A phase 3 randomised,double-blinded,placebo-controlled trial had been done to assess the addition of Infliximab to the standard therapy.Conclusions Infliximab is a feasible choice for IVIG-resistant KD patients.Efficacy and safety of Infliximab for KD treatment have been proved in the literature.However,Infliximab for KD treatment has not been indicated in the drug instruction,so the informed consent from the guardians and Ethics Committee is needed.