Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is anatomic theoretical foundation based on breast and upper limb lymph axillary lymph injected into different lymphatic populations, ARM can display upper limb lymphatic channels through different tracers during the periods of axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node dissection, to reduce the rate of postoperative upper extremity edem.Although ARM has a positive effect, it exists a controversy in safety and the relationship between its node and sentinel lymph node.

Pim-3,a new member of the the proto-oncogene pim family which expresses serine and threonine kinase activity,shows a high similar to pim-1 and pim-2 at the function,structure and sequence.Pim-3 plays an important regulative role in the cell cycle transform,cell apoptosis and occurrence of the malignant tumors by phosphorylating numerous specific substrates.

Objective: To find the reason of risk on medical equipment. Methods: Based on RCA, to adopt the event classification to evaluate the X-ray equipment, high-frequency electro tome, electro-cardiac monitor, infusion pump, ventilator, defibrillators and infant incubator, discuss the root cause of medical risk. Results:To deduce the medical equipment risk by PM and quality control. Conclusion:With the analysis of quality control, the application of RCA is gradually explained in management of medical equipment.

Based on the theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs),people have been searching for the treatments of malignant cancers.Gastric cancer side population cells (SP) have the characteristics of CSCs.Searching for the molecular targeted therapy strategy of gastric cancer which embarks from the gastric cancer SP and is based on the theory of CSCs provides a new direction for the treatment,early diagnosis,therapeutic effect and prognosis of gastric cancer.

The separation of digestive system cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the first step of the study of stem cell.At present,there are three methods of separation of the digestive system CSCs:cell phenotype sorting,side population cell sorting and serum-free culture.The separation of digestive system CSCs is based on these three methods or be improved to a higher proportion of CSCs.

Breast conserving surgery has become the first choice for the treatment of early breast cancer.However,the safety margin is still one of the important issues for surgeons in the implementation of breast conserving surgery.Because variety of clinical factors have some effects on the safety margin,at present,no consensus on safe margin of breast conserving surgery is reached,and the controversy still goes on.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)is difficult to benefit from endocrine therapy or tras-tuzumab targeted drug therapy.Biological overexpression of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1,p53 gene,vas-cular endothelial growth factor and microRNA suggests that TNBC is easy to metastasis and recurrence and has a poor prognosis.Exploring the molecular subtypes of TNBC,setting out the treatment plan for subtypes and finding the corresponding monoclonal antibody targets are the research direction of TNBC in the future.

At present, more and more studies show that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with cancer stem cell formation and tumor cell invasion, migration and metastasis.EMT not only enhances the capacity of cancer cell invasion and metastasis, but also makes the cell obtain self regeneration and other stem cell characteristics and promotes the production of cancer stem cells.As a result, the investigation of the relationship between EMT and common stem cells can be served as a new approach for searching for effective ways to control tumor invasion and metastasis.It also can provide new targets for the treatment of tumor.

AIM: To study the effect of heat shock protein (HSP) on the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and observe the morphological changes of DCs dynamically. METHODS: The HSP (gp96)-peptide complex was purified from the tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatoma cells were treated by heat shock for preparation of the HSP expressed on cell surface and then marked with DiI fluorescence. Immature DCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cocultured with two types of HSPs. The morphological changes of DCs were observed dynamically and the effects of HSPs on the maturation of DCs analyzed by Flowcytometer. RESULTS: The morphological changes and the processes of antigen capture of DCs cocultured with DiI marked tumor cells were well showed. Four ways to capture antigens of DCs were observed, including direct contact, besieging, forming bubbles and extending pseudopodia with bubbles on the terminals. Results also indicated that both types of HSP could promote the maturation of DCs. CONCLUSION: DiI is a good fluorescent dye suitable for the morphological studies of DCs. Four ways for DCs to capture antigens were indicated in this paper. Different types of HSP, purifed from tumor tissues or expressed on tumor cells surface, promote DC maturation, and the purified HSP is more effective. [

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is considered as a preleukemic course, characteristic of hypercellular marrow and pancytopenia. Many studies have demonstrated that defects occur in the heamtopoietic cells from patients with MDS. Recently, many abnormal changes in apoptosis, proliferation, ability of hematopoietic support, cytokine secretion, clonal origin of stromal cells and angiogenesis have also been revealed in the bone marrow microenvironment of MDS patients.