Objective To evaluate the right ventricular global systolic function by real-time three dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) and two dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in normal children,and investigate their correlation with age,height,weight,body surface area (BSA) and cardiac cycle time.Methods In 192 normal children,2DE right ventricular systolic function indexes were obtained at the apical four chamber view,including:tricuspid annular lateral wall peak systolic excursion (TAPSE),tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity (TRV) and right ventricular systolic area shortening (RVa).Full volume imaging of right ventricle was obtained at the parasternal four-chamber view near the apex by RT-3DE.The right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was analyzed by TomTec RV-Function.The correlation analysis was performed between RT-3DE and 2DE indexes.The correlation and regression analysis on RT-3DE and 2DE indexes with above physical development indexes were also studied.At the same time 192 normal children were divided into five groups by age.2DE and RT-3DE indexes were compared with each other among five age groups.Results RVEF had no statistical correlation with all 2DE indexes (P ＞0.05).The correlation analysis on RT-3DE and 2DE indexes with physical development indexes demonstrated that TAPSE,TRV had strong positive correlation with the above indexes (P =0.000),while RVa had no statistical correlation with the above indexes (P ＞0.05).RVEF had weak positive correlation with cardiac cycle time r =0.180,P =0.014),but it had no statistical correlation with the other indexes (P ＞0.05).Stepwise regression analysis showed that the significant factor for TAPSE and TRV was height (R2 =0.508,P =0.000)and BSA (R2 =0.130,P =0.000)separately.In five age groups RVEF and RVa remained constant (P ＞0.05).However for TAPSE and TRV significant difference were found in part of comparisons between groups(P ＜0.05).Conclusions Although RVEF assessed by RT-3DE was slightly influenced by heart rate,it was independent of age,height,weight,BSA.It was a stable index for evaluating right ventricular systolic function among different age and physical development population.

Child ; Humans ; Plasma Exchange ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies ; therapy

Objective To evaluate right ventricular(RV) global and regional volume and systolic function by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) in normal children with different age.Methods One hundred and ninty-two normal children were divided into five groups by age:group Ⅰ,＜1 years old,32 cases;group Ⅱ,≥1 years old-＜3 years old,46 cases;group Ⅲ,≥3 years old-＜6 years old,36 cases;group Ⅳ,≥6 years old-＜9 years old,41 cases;group Ⅴ,≥9 years old-＜14 years old,37 cases.Full volume imaging of RV was obtained at the parasternal four-chamber view near the apex by RT-3DE.RT-3DE data set were analyzed off-line by TomTec RV-Function.RV were divided into three parts:inflow,body,outflow.The measurements were including RV global and regional end-diastolic volume (EDV),end-systolic volume (ESV),ejection fraction (EF) and the ratio of regional parts EDV to RVEDV. The volume and systolic function were compared in three regional parts.RV global and regional parts EF and the ratio of regional parts EDV to RVEDV were also compared in five age groups.Correlation analysis and curve estimation were studied on RV global and regional EDV with age and physical development indexes.Results In the comparison of three regional parts:inflow EDV and EF were higher than outflow and body parts (P＜0.05).No significant different was found between outflow EDV and body EDV (P＞0.05),however,outflow EF was significant higher than body EF(P＜0.05).The comparison of RV global and regional EF in five age groups were no statistical different (P＞0.12). The ratio of regional parts EDV to RVEDV remained constant in five age groups(P＞0.58).Correlation analysis showed the global and regional RV volume were strongly correlated with age,height,weight and BSA (r＞0.77,P=0.000).The best correlation was found with BSA (r＞0.83,P=0.000).Curve estimation demonstrated that the relationship of RV global and regional EDV with age and physical development indexes could be best expressed by power model,the best matched model were found with BSA.Conclusions Among three regional parts of RV,inflow and outflow parts volume contraction were the two main contribution factors for RV function.In childhood RV volume didn't increase linearly with age and physical development indexes,but in an exponential model.

The study was aimed to investigate the strategy of transfusion of allogeneic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HS/PC) into marrow cavity of mouse model in sensitized transplantation. A sensitized BALB/c mouse model was established by repeated transfusion of allogeneic spleen cells. The normal BALB/c mice were used as non-sensitized controls. The non-sensitized or sensitized recipients were transplanted by transfusion of allogeneic HS/PCs into bone marrow cavity. The survival rate and hematopoietic recovery were monitored. Moreover, non-sensitized and sensitized sera were obtained and incubated with allogeneic HS/PC respectively, the percentage of dead cells was calculated using complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) tests. The results showed that non-sensitized recipients got long-term survival after the transfusion of HS/PC into marrow cavity, and the hematopoietic recovery increased along with time. However, among the sensitized recipients, one mouse died of anesthetic accident, the other 9 mice (9/10) died within 2 weeks after the transfusion of HS/PC in marrow cavity, and the hematopoietic recovery declined along with time. Histopathologic analysis demonstrated that the sensitized recipients died of bone marrow failure. The results of CDC tests showed that the percentage of dead cells in non-sensitized and sensitized group was 7.80 ± 1.93% and 50.80 ± 3.12%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicating sensitized sera were capable of impairing allogeneic HS/PC. It is concluded that the strategy of the marrow cavity transfusion of HS/PC can not enhance engraftment of allogeneic donor cells in sensitized recipients.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo establish a murine model of sensitization, and investigate the effect and mechanism of sensitization on allogeneic donor bone marrow cells (BMCs).

METHODSSensitized BALB/c mice were established by transfusions of allogeneic splenocytes. The donor reactive antibodies were detected by binding and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays. After irradiation, 1 × 10(7) BMCs of C57BL/6 donor mice were injected into non-sensitized or sensitized BALB/c recipient mice. The distribution pattern of donor BMCs in peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow of recipient mice were analyzed at different time points (2 h, 12 h and 48 h) post transplantation. Hematopoietic recovery post transplantation was assessed, and survival was monitored. Moreover, sera and splenocytes derived from non-sensitized or sensitized recipients were incubated with allogeneic BMCs in vitro, and the cytotoxic indexes were calculated in the immune experiments.

RESULTSThe binding and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays showed that a high level of donor reactive antibodies was presented in sensitized sera. Compared with the non-sensitized recipients, the homing assay showed significantly decreased distributions of allogeneic donor BMCs in peripheral blood, spleen and femur of sensitized recipients. Non-sensitized recipients survived long term after irradiation, while all the sensitized recipients died within 12-15 days. Fourteen days post transplantation, the white blood cells and BMCs of non-sensitized recipients were (3240 ± 300) × 10(6)/L and (396 ± 27) × 10(6)/femur, respectively; while the white blood cells and BMCs of sensitized recipients were (320 ± 80) × 10(6)/L and (6 ± 2) × 10(6)/femur, respectively; the differences were statistically significant between this two groups (P < 0.05). Seven days post transplantation, the percentage of donor cells in bone marrow of non-sensitized and sensitized recipients was (48.07 ± 4.70)% and (0.77 ± 0.11)%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the white blood cells and BMCs following transplantation decreased along with time in sensitized recipients. The immune experiments of complement-dependent cytotoxicity reaction, cytotoxic T lymphocytes reaction and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity showed the cytotoxic indexes were higher in sensitized group than the non-sensitized group.

CONCLUSIONA sensitized model was established by transfusions of allogeneic spleen cells. Allogeneic donor BMCs were rejected in sensitized recipients, and its mechanism might be through immune impairment pathways.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Graft Rejection ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Homologous

This study was purposed to establish the method of quantifying RhD antigen on red blood cells (RBC) by flow cytometry (FCM) and to explore the expression of D antigen on RBC of different RhD serotype. RhD(+) RBCs and RhD(-) RBCs were mixed in 1:1 ratio. Cells were stained by the indirect method (IgG anti-D as the first antibody, FITC-anti-IgG F(ab')2 as the second antibody), and the ratio of RhD(+) on RBCs was quantified by FCM. The optimal dosage of IgG anti-D was defined. Expression of RhD antigen on RBC of RhD(+), weak D, RhDel and RhD(-) type were detected by FCM. The results showed that optimal dilution of IgG anti-D monoclonal antibody was 1:4, 1x10(6) cells/50 microl. The percentage of D(+) RBC of RhD(+), weak D, RhDel and RhD(-) type were 96.8+/-2.97%, 79.5+/-9.88%, 47.8+/-11.43%, 3.7+/-2.96%, respectively. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of RhD antigen expression of RhD(+), weak D, RhDel and RhD(-) type were 33.3+/-6.21 Dal, 18.6+/-5.39 Dal, 7.10+/-1.17 Dal, 0.79+/-0.55 Dal, respectively. In conclusion, there are significant differences of RhD antigen expressions among RBC of different RhD serotypes. The level of antigen on RhD(+) RBC is the highest and then weak D the next, while the level of antigen on RhDel RBC is the lowest level.
Blood Donors ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; immunology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the prophylactic effect of curcumin on hepatic fibrosis and the number, location, apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the livers and to discuss the relationship between the prophylactic effects and activated HSC.

METHODSA rat model of hepatic fibrosis was established by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride. Curcumin doses of 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg per 100 gram per 100g of body weight were given to three groups of the model rats. No curcumin was given to one group of the model rats and it served as the control. After eight weeks, all rats were sacrificed and their left liver lobes were examined histopathologically with H.E and Masson stainings. Grades of hepatic fibrosis were evaluated according to the SSS system. Activated HSC was detected by the alpha-SMA immunohistochemistry staining. HSC apoptosis was detected by double-stainings of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and desmin immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTSDegrees (SSS system scores) of hepatic fibrosis in the curcumin groups were all less severe in comparison with those of the control group. Activated HSCs in the livers of the rats of the control group increased significantly compared with that of the treatment groups, and also fewer apoptotic HSCs were detected in the control group. On the contrary, fewer activated HSCs and more apoptotic HSCs were detected in the curcumin groups compared with those of the control group. The degrees of the effects were curcumin dose-dependent.

CONCLUSIONSCurcumin can prevent hepatic fibrosis. It can inhibit activation and proliferation of HSCs and induce HSCs apoptosis, which may be the mechanism(s) contributing to the prophylactic effects of curcumin on hepatic fibrosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Curcumin ; therapeutic use ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Hepatocytes ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The aim of this study was to separate and amplify CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg cells from splenocytes of sensitized mice. The percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry in sensitized and normal control mice. CD4(+)T, CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells were isolated from mouse splenocytes by MACS. CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg cells were expanded in vitro cultures in addition of CD3/CD28 MACSiBead and IL-2. The activity of cells was detected with 0.4 trypan blue staining. The purity of cells after sorting, the main surface marker and the level of Foxp3 were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg cell proportion was higher in sensitized mice than normal control mice (P < 0.05). The average purity of CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg cells was 87. The activity of these cells was more than 97, and the expression of Foxp3 in these cells was high. The amplification multiples achieved 42 times after 2 weeks in vitro. The percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells was 85.32, and the expression of Foxp3 decreased from (76.92 ± 1.72) to (75.33 ± 2.11) (P > 0.05). It is concluded that the sorting of CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg cells is isolated successfully by MACS without affecting the vitality of target cells. The amplification of CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg cells is successful in vitro. Expression of surface markers and Foxp3 gene does not obviously change after amplification, so that to establish a practical method to recover and enlarge the amount of CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg cells in good condition.
Animals ; CD4 Antigens ; biosynthesis ; Flow Cytometry ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Immunomagnetic Separation ; methods ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Lymphocyte Count ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology

AIMTo study the effects of 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino) propane hydrochloride(DDPH) on brain ischemia injury in rats.

METHODSBy using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced by nylon surgical thread inserted through the internal carotid artery into the anterior cerebral artery in rats, the effects of DDPH on neuron defects(ND) and infarct size(IS) were investigated. Using incomplete cerebral ischemia in rats, the effects of DDPH on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brain tissue and pathological changes in rats were studied.

RESULTSDDPH at the dose of 10 mg.kg-1 i.p. 30 min before ischemia decreased the ND 3 h after ischemia. The IS declined 24 h after ischemia as well. Meanwhile, DDPH was found to increase SOD activity and reduce the MDA content, as well as mitigate pathological damage, of neuron after brain ischemia in rats.

CONCLUSIONDDPH showed protective effects on brain ischemia, probably related to its properties of calcium antagonistic effect and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutases.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Phenethylamines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the status quo of patients with severe mental illness in Jinshan district, Shanghai, and provide sci-entific evidence for strengthening the prevention and treatment of them. Methods The data of severe mental illness until March 1st, 2016 were derived from the national database and analysis system, and were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 4778 patients with severe mental illness were registered. Among them, 54.40% suffered from schizo-phrenia, patients aged 18 to 59 years old (67.73%) accounted for the vast majority, 86.44% only got junior high school education or below, 40.46% were unmarried or divorced, 76.50% patients choose outpatient department as a way to see doctor, and 15.11% patients did not take any treatment. Conclusion The prevention of severe mental illness has become the important gambit for this district. The proportion of patients choosing appropriate way to visit doctor is relatively low. The management of patients with severe men-tal diseases needs to be strengthened to promote the recovery of patients and social stability.