Acute Disease ; Adult ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; therapy

The Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and Taura syndrome virus (TSV) are two important shrimp viruses in cultured shrimp in America. These two viruses were transmitted to China at the beginning of the 21st century. In this study, 214 shrimp samples of Penaeus vannamei were collected from seven different areas of China and tested by PCR for IHHNV and TSV infection. The results showed that there were a high prevalence of IHHNV (65.42%) and low prevalence of TSV (3.27%) in the tested samples. Several samples were found to be co-infected with these two viruses. A 3 kb fragment of 7 positive IHHNV samples and a structure protein region (ORF2) of three TSV positive samples were amplified and sequenced. The sequence comparison indicated that both IHHNV and TSV sequenced in China have a low genetic variations compared with the prototype IHHNV and TSV from Hawaii. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TSV isolates were clustered into two groups, Asia and America group, which was genetically correlated to geographic distribution.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on glomerulosclerosis induced by Ang II.

METHODRat mesangial cells were exposed to 100 nmol L(-1) Ang II. Meanwhile, we added S. miltiorrhiza injection of different concentrations to Mcs. PAI-1 mRNA and protein, TGF-beta1 in serum free MEM medium, and the level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured.

RESULTS. miltiorrhiza notably attenuated Ang II induced expression of PAI-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, S. miltiorrhiza suppressed the production of TGF-beta1 and cellular ROS in mesangial cells.

CONCLUSIONS. miltiorrhiza can alleviate glomerular sclerosis. The renoprotective effects of S. miltiorrhiza may be due to its ability to decrease Ang II -induced PAI-1 and TGF-beta1 secretion and cellular ROS level.

Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Injections ; Mesangial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; blood ; secretion

Medical immunology is an important course in medical university. The introduction is not only the beginning but also the epitome of the course. The content of the introduction is rich, but the schedule is limited. How to make a good introduction? According to the author′s teaching experience,pay attention to the acceptance or rejection of the teaching content,Application of com-prehensive teaching methods such as elicitation,analogies,interdisciplinary and multimedia means. cultivate students′ dialectical mode of thinking,stimulate students′enthusiasm and strong desire for knowledge. In this way,the students can master the basic frame of im-munology theory faster and better. And it will set up a good beginning and lay a solid foundation for the next step.

BALB/c mice were immunized with purified White spot syndrome virus (WSSV).Six monoclonal antibody cell lines were selected by ELISA with VP28 protein expressed in E.coll in vitro neutralization experiments showed that 4 of them could inhibit the virus infection in crayfish.Westernblot suggested that all these monoclonal antibodies were against the conformational structure of VP28.The monoclonal antibody 7B4 was labeled with colloidal gold particles and used to locate the VP28 on virus envelope by immunogold labeling.These monoclonal antibodies could be used to develop immunological diagnosis methods for WSSV infection.

OBJECTIVETo clarify the anatomical relationship of the structures in the first toe webbing space for better dissection of toes in thumb reconstruction.

METHODSThe first dorsal metatarsal artery, the first deep transverse metatarsal ligament and the extensor expansion were observed on 42 adult cadaveric lower extremities. Clinically the method of tracing the first dorsal metatarsal artery around the space of the extensor expansion was used in 36 cases of thumb reconstruction.

RESULTSThe distal segments of the first dorsal metatarsal artery of Gilbert types I and II were located superficially to the extensor expansion. The harvesting time of a toe was shortened from 90 minutes to 50 minutes with 100% survival of reconstructed fingers.

CONCLUSIONSThe distal segment of the first dorsal metatarsal artery lies constantly at the superficial layer of the extensor expansion. Most of the first metatarsal arteries of Gilbert types I and II can be easily located via the combined sequential and reverse dissection around the space of the extensor expansion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Dissection ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Metatarsus ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Thumb ; injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (laparoscopic TME) versus open total mesorectal excision (open TME) in the treatment of middle and low rectal cancer using meta-analysis.

METHODFrom 1991 to 2012, the Chinese and English articles of randomized controlled trails (RTCs) about laparoscopic TME versus open TME in the treatment of middle and low rectal cancer were collected, and a meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1 software.

RESULTSEight RCTs including 863 patients with middle and low rectal cancer (428 cases in laparoscopic TME group, 435 cases in open TME group) were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Laparoscopic TME was associated with significantly less intraoperative blood loss (P<0.01), earlier to pass first flatus (P<0.01), shorter hospital stay (P<0.05), less postoperative incision infections (P<0.01) and postoperative bleeding (P<0.05) compared to open TME. There were no significant differences between laparoscopic TME and open TME groups in operative time, number of resected lymph nodes, anastomotic leak, ileus and pelvic abscess (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAs compared to open TME, laparoscopic TME has similar efficacy in terms of lymph nodes harvest, and it can promote postoperative recovery, and reduce incision infection and postoperative bleeding.

Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Mesentery ; surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Rectum ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDSrc homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) is a kind of intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase. Studies have revealed its roles in various disease, however, whether SHP-2 involves in renal fibrosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of myeloid cells SHP-2 in renal interstitial fibrosis.

METHODSMyeloid cells SHP-2 gene was conditionally knocked-out (CKO) in mice using loxP-Cre system, and renal interstitial fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). The total collagen deposition in the renal interstitium was assessed using picrosirius red stain. F4/80 immunostaing was used to evaluate macrophage infiltration in renal tubular interstitium. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used to analyze the production of cytokines in the kidney. Transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling stain was used to assess the apoptotic renal tubular epithelial cells.

RESULTSSrc homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 gene CKO in myeloid cells significantly reduced collagen deposition in the renal interstitium after UUO. Macrophage infiltration was evidently decreased in renal tubular interstitium of SHP-2 CKO mice. Meanwhile, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly suppressed in SHP-2 CKO mice. However, no significant difference was observed in the number of apoptotic renal tubular epithelial cells between wild-type and SHP-2 CKO mice.

CONCLUSIONSOur observations suggested that SHP-2 in myeloid cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, and that silencing of SHP-2 gene in myeloid cells may protect renal from inflammatory damage and prevent renal fibrosis after renal injury.

Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fibrosis ; enzymology ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Diseases ; enzymology ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Myeloid Cells ; metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ureteral Obstruction ; enzymology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular pathology in families with long QT syndrome (LQTS) including Jervell-Longe-Nielsen syndrome (JLNS) and Romano-ward syndrome (RWS) and Brugada syndrome (BS) in Chinese population.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to screen for KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNE1, and SCN5A mutation.

RESULTSWe identified a novel mutation N1774S in the SCN5A gene of the BS family, a novel mutation G314S in a RWS family which had also been found in Europe, North America, and Japan, and a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) G643S in the KCNQ1 of the JLNS family. In this JLNS family, another heterozygous novel mutation in exon 2a was found in KCNQ1 of the patients.

CONCLUSIONNew mutations were found in our experiment, which expand the spectrum of KCNQ1 and SCN5A mutations that cause LQTS and BS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; ERG1 Potassium Channel ; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Jervell-Lange Nielsen Syndrome ; genetics ; KCNQ1 Potassium Channel ; genetics ; Long QT Syndrome ; congenital ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; Pedigree ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; genetics ; Romano-Ward Syndrome ; genetics ; Sodium Channels ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo identify the mutation of a Chinese family with inherited long QT syndrome(LQTS).

METHODSThe disease-causing gene was tentatively determined in light of the clinical manifestations and electrophysiological properties, and then polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used for screening and identifying mutation.

RESULTSA missense mutation G940A(G314S) in the KCNQ1 gene was identified, which was the 'hot spot' of long QT syndrome mutation.

CONCLUSIONThe mutation that is involved with long QT syndrome in Chinese patients is the same as that in the European, American and Japanese patients.

China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Family Health ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; KCNQ1 Potassium Channel ; genetics ; Long QT Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction