Objective To determine the detection rate of duodenal papilla and the diagnostic rate of small bowel diseases by capsule endoscopy(CE)and its possible influencing factors.Methods A total of 369 cases with suspected small bowel disease who had undergone CE were retrospectively reviewed. The de- tection rate of duodenal papilla and that of small bowel disease were calculated respectively. The detection rate of duodenal papilla in another 369 patients having received gastroscopy was also counted in order to findout the miss detection rate of forward-viewing endoscopy. The CE findings were reviewed at the rate of 1 im-age and 15 images per second by hand-motion respectively. The detection rate of duodenal papilla was calcu-lated,and the number of frames showing duodenal papilla was counted. Differences of detection rate of duo-denal papilla were also analyzed by different age and gender groups. In addition,the potential difference in detection rate of duodenal papilla between different bowel preparations before CE of two different reviewing approaches was also investigated respectively. Results The miss detection rate of duodenal papilla with for-ward-viewing gastroscopy was 22. 0%. The detection rate of duodenal papilla reviewed at the rate of 1 image by hand-motion,where less frames were needed to visualize duodenal papilla(3. 7vs7. 0),was significantly higher than that at the rate of 15 images per second(32. 2%vs13. 6%,P=0. 001). The diagnostic rate of small bowel diseases was also significantly higher than that of duodenal papilla by CE(67. 2%vs32. 2%,P=0. 000). Age and gender were not significantly correlated with the detection rate of duodenal papilla. No significant correlation was found between various kinds of bowel preparation before CE at different viewing rate and the detection rate of duodenal papilla. Conclusion It iS relatively difficult to identify duodenal pa- pilla by CE,as they are peculiarly positioned in anatomy,so the detection of duodenal papilla does not nec- essarily represent the detection rate of small bowel diseases. The major factors that influencing the detection of duodenal papilla by CE include local anatomy,viewing rate and technical limitations of CE.

Coronary Aneurysm ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications

Background Researches demonstrated that the long-term application of glucocorticoids can induce cataract. However, its molecular mechanism is unclear. Objective Present study was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B( NF-κB)/ inhibitor kappa B alpha( IκBα) line on human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and the LECs apoptosis. Methods Human LECs line(HLE2B3) were cultured and passaged in DMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum and treated by different concentrations of dexamethasone(0. 01,0. 1,1,10,100 μmol/L) for 24,36 and 48 hours respectively. The LECs cultured in free-serum DMEM without dexamethasone were as blank control group. The expressions of IκBo: in the LECs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and Western blot, and the expressions of NF-κB neucleoprotein in LECs were detected by Western blot after exposure to dexamethasone. The apoptosis rate of LECs was determined by flow cytometer. Results Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the amplified gene fragment was coincident to designed one. The expressing level of NF-κB neucleoprotein in LECs was significantly lowed with the increase of dexamethasone concentration ( F = 36. 077 , P = 0. 004 ) , and that of IkBo: was evidently ascended ( F = 35. 741 ,P = 0. 002). In the same concentration of dexamethasone group,the expression of NF-κB in LECs showed the considerable alteration in different duration after treated of dexamethasone with the lowest expressing level in 36 hours, and significant differences were found in the expressing level between 24 hours and 36 hours ( P = 0. 002) and between 24 hours and 48 hours (P = 0. 01). The differences of expression of IκBá in LECs appeared the same pattern to NF-κB neucleoprotein. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of LECs was obviously enhanced after action of dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner, showing a significant difference among different groups ( F = 73. 261, P = 0.001). Conclusion It is implied that dexamethasone results in the pathogenesis and development of glucocorticoid cataract by up-regulating the expression of IκBα in LECs and suppressing the activity of NF-κB and herein induce the apoptosis of LECs at concentration-and time-dependent manner. This might be one of cellular and biological mechanisms of glucocorticoid cataract formation.

The fused gene (PTH-HSA) of parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene and Human Serum Albumin(HSA) gene was amplified without linker by Overlapping PCR technology. The spliced gene was clone into Pichia pastoris secretory vector pPIC9K. With the help of promoter AOX1 and mat ? signal peptide, the PTH-HSA gene was designed to secretory expression.Linearized by restriction enzyme SalI, The recombinant plasmid pPIC9K/PTH-HSA was transformed into Pichia pastoris KM71 by electroporation. The recombinant strains which were identified by G418 and PCR analysis were induced by methanol to express protein PTH-HSA. The target protein was expressed in fermentation supernatant. Western blot analysis of the fusion protein showed that the expressed fusion protein PTH-HSA had the antigenicity of HSA.adenylate cyclase assay proved that the fused protein exhibited the bioactivity to stimulate cAMP synthesis The specific activity of broth was about 318IU/ml.

Objective To summarize the characteristics of prenatal and postnatal ultrasonic image in hemivertebra fetal malformation. Methods The present study enrolled 12 ultrasound diagnosed hemivertebra fetal malformation and confirmed by either magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or X-ray in Guangdong Provincial Maternal and Children's Hospital from January 2012 to May 2013. All the ultrasonic image were collected to summarize their characteristics. Results In the twelve cases of prenatal ultrasonic image of hemivertebrae: (1) Vertebral anomaly patterns: the irregular-shape of bones are smaller than normal vertebral bony hyperechoic which inserted into the normal intervertebral in wedge-shape, scoliosis or angular deformity. (2) Diseased parts:in the 12 fetuses, 5 had single vertebral deformity while the other 7 had multiple vertebral deformities. For the location of the lesion, there were 6 dysmorphia appeared in thoracic, 3 appearedin lumbar, 1 appeared in sacrococcygeal, 1 appeared in both cervical and thoracic, and 1 appeared in both thoracic and lumbar. (3) Associated with other malformations: 4 term delivery fetuses confirmed diagnosis of hemivertebra malformation by MRI (the diagnosis of hemivertebra was confirmed by both the fetal MRI and postnatal X-ray in 2 of them within 3 days);8 fetuses had additional anomalies, including heart malformations. Three of them were induced abortion, the X-ray images of the fetal sample showed hemivertebradysmorphia. Five women chosed induced laborin local hospital, and the X-ray images of the fetal were diagnosed as hemivertebradysmorphia. One of them with rib deletion in thoracic was missed diagnosed. Conclusions Three-dimensional ultrasonicimages can clearly show the degree of scoliosis, locate vertebra. It provides important imaging evidence for the treatment of fetal dysmorphiaafter labor.

ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term (＞1 year) rebleeding rate after capsule endoscopy (CE)-guided intervention in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) and to identify the risk factors of rebleeding.MethodsA total of 307 consecutive patients who underwent CE for OGIB in our hospital from June 2002 to October 2010 were enrolled.Follow-up data were obtained by reviewing medical records,CE database and contacting the patients or their relatives by telephone.We evaluated the rebleeding rates and analyzed risk factors predictive of rebleeding by means of COX ratio hazard model.ResultsThe medium follow-up was 52 months (range13-112 months).Significant lesions were found in 202 patients (65.8％).The overall rebleeding rate after interventional therapy induced by CE findings was 28.0％ (86/307).CE positive patients had higher rebleeding rate than CE negative patients (37.6％ vs 9.5％,log-rank test,P=0.000),while specific therapy could prevent rebleeding,compared with nonspecific therapy (32.9％ vs 23.0％,P=0.042).95.3％ (82/86) rebleeding occurred within 24 months after CE.Multivariate analysis performed by using COX proportional hazards model showed that age over 50 years,CE positive findings,lowest hemoglobin (Hb) level 3 months before CE ≤7 g/dl,receiving nonspecific therapy after CE,hypertension,administration of anticoagulants,antiplatelet medicine or NSAIDs after CE were six risk factors associated with rebleeding.Conclusion Clinicians should be aware of these risk factors for OGIB rebleeding,which can reduce the occurrence of rebleeding and improve OGIB patients' prognosis.Those high risk OGIB patients should be followed up for at least 24 months after CE.

Objective To investigate the xenotransplantation model of fetal pig skin precursor tissue and its development after transplantaion. Methods Porcine skin precursor tissue was obtained from the embryo of gestation day 56 (E56), and made into microskin or stamp skin graft. The microskin was transplanted to the dorsal wound in BALB/c nude mice, then covered with human corpse skin. The stamp skin graft was imbedded subcutaneously into the back of nude mice, and microskin was injected subcutaneously into the auricles of nude mice. Their growth and development were observed and they were examined by HE staining at 6th and 12th week after transplantation respectively. Two-sample t test was used to analyze the size of newly grown skin tissue. Results Porcine skin precursor tissue graft in three models above survived and continued growth after transplantation, and growth ability of the dorsal wound transplantation model was significantly stronger than that of the auricle model. Epidermis and hypodermis were detected in newly grown skin tissues. Hair follicles, a few of sebaceous glands, but no sweat glands were observed in auricle model, while many sebaceous glands and sweat glands were observed in the dorsal wound model. Conclusion Transplantation of microskin to dorsal wound is the optimal model of investigating the xenotransplantation of fetal pig skin precursor tissue and its development after transplantion.

Objective To investigate the effect of curcumin pretreatment on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods One hundred forty-four male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 36 each): sham operation group (group S) ; I/Rgroup; curcumin group (group Cur) and vehicle control group (group VC). Global cerebral I/R was produced by four-vessel occlusion technique in S, I/R, Cur, VC groups. Bilateral vertebral arteries were cauterized. Bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded by clipping for 15 min. Curcumin 200 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally (IP) at 1 h before cerebral ischemia. Global cerebral ischemia was confirmed by unconsciousness and disappearance of papillary and righting reflex. Animals were sacrificed at 12 h, 1,3 and 7 d of reperfusion. Neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 region was detected by TUNEL assay. Apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. The expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) ,growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene 153 (GADD153) and caspase-12 protein in hippocampal region was assessed by Western blot analysis. Results Cerebral I/R significantly increased AI and GRP78 and caspase-12 protein expression in hippocampus as compared with group S( P <0.05) . Curcumin pretreatment significantly decreased AI, increased GRP78 protein expression and decreased caspase-12 protein expression as compared with group I/R ( P < 0.05) . There was no significant difference in the GADD153 protein expression among Cur, VC and I/R groups ( P > 0.05) . Conclusion Curcumin pretreatment can significantly reduce global cerebral I/R-induced neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus by increasing GRP78 expression and decreasing easpase-12 expression in hippocampus.

Objective To explorer the application in detection the position accuracy of the multileaf collimator of Varian accelerator with dynamic therapy log files. Methods A pre-designed MLC format files named PMLC for two Varian accelerators, the dynamic treatment log files were recorded 10 times on a different date, and be converted into the MLC format files named DMLC, compared with the original plan PMLC, so we can analysis two files for each leaf position deviation. In addition, we analysis the repeatability of MLC leaves position accuracy between 10 dynalog files of two accelerators. Results No statistically significant difference between the average position of the 10 times leaf position of the two accelerators,their were 0. 29 -0. 29 and 0. 29 -0. 30(z = -0. 77, P=0. 442). About 40% ,30% ,20% and 10% of the leaf position deviation was at ≤0. 2 mm, 0. 3 mm,0. 5 mm and 0. 4 mm,respectively. the maximum value was 0. 5 mm. More than 86% of the leaf position are completely coincident between 10 dynamic treatment files of two accelerators,The rate of position deviation no more 0. 05 mm was 96. 6% and 97.3%, respectively.And the maximum value was 0. 09 mm. Conclusions Dynamic treatment log file is a splendid tool in testing the actual position of multi-leaf collimator. The multi-leaf collimator of two accelerators be detected are precise and stabilized.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of overexpression of PTEN on renal epithelial-mesenchymal trans-differentiation induced by TGF-β1,and the signaling transduction mechanism.Methods HKC cells were transfected with GFP-PTEN via lipofectAMINE2000.The efficiency of transfection was detected by fluorescence microscope.The expression of PTEN protein and mRNA in the translected cells was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR respectively.The experiment was divided into four groups:normal group,TGF-β1 stimulation group,GFP-PTEN+TGF-β1 group and empty vector+TGF-β1 group.The expression of E-cadherin,a-SMA,Akt and p-Akt was detected by Western blot.Results Most ceils transfected with GFP-PTEN expressed GFP.The expression of PTEN protein and mRNA was strongly increased when HKC cells were transfected with GFP-PTEN(all P<0.05).In both TGF-β1 stimulation group and empty vector+TGF-β1 group,the expression level of E-cadherin was lower(all P<0.05),while that of p-Akt and a-SMA was higher than in normal group(both P<0.05).The expression level of p-Akt and a-SMA in GFP-PTEN+TGF-β1 group was Iower(both P<0.05),while that of E-cadherin was higher than in TGF-β1 stimulation group and empty vector+TGF-β1 group(both P<0.05).The expression of Akt was similar in the four groups.Conclusion Overexpression of PTEN can inhibit renal epithelial-mesenehymal trans-differentiation induced by TGF-β1 through suppressing the activation of PI3K/Akt signal pathway.