Antagonism, esterase isozyme ployacrylamide gel electrophoretic (EST-PAGE) and cluster analysis was used in the study of 14 strains of Ganoderma. The results showed that there were 18 bands of EST with different Rf. Cluster analysis at 50% similarity level showed that all strains could be clustered into five groups, the first included Xian zhi, Da xian 823, Nan han, Yuan zhi 6, Tian zhi, Han zhi; the second included Chi zhi 10, Chi zhi 12, Chi zhi, Ri ben hong zhi; the third included Zi zhi, Hei zhi; the fourth included Xue zhi; the fifth included Bai zhi. And this result was similar to the result of antagonism and morphological characters. Because of its stablity, the technique of EST can be used for identification of Gamoderma.

BACKGROUND:Currently, bone graft is mainly used for repair of bone defects, and tricalcium phosphate is the most used artificial bone material. But the effectiveness of the tricalcium phosphate bone graft is stil controversial, and there is also no detailed report about its function during the healing of bone defect. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To observe the concentration changes of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor as wel as bone healing after tricalcium phosphate graft in bone defects. ＜br> METHODS:Forty-eight C57 mice were randomly divided to experimental group and control group. A 2-mm-long diaphyseal segment and periosteum from the middle of the right femur was cut to prepare unilateral bone defect models. Tricalcium phosphate bone graft was used in the experimental group, and no bone graft in the control group. During the fol owing 4 weeks, X-ray examination was done once a week to observe the bone healing, and then the animals were executed for col ecting samples in the graft area. The concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in samples which were taken from the bone graft area were determined by using ELISA assay. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:X-ray films showed that 2 weeks later, bone fracture healed mostly in the experimental group except a smal part of cortical bone;3 weeks later, bone fracture was basical y healed, and only a smal amount of tricalcium phosphate remained;4 weeks later, bone fracture was completely healed, and the cal us grew obviously, and the tricalcium phosphate was nearly absorbed. In the control group, the fracture line was stil visible at 1-2 weeks, but it became vague at 3 weeks;then, the fracture was healed at 4 weeks except some of the cortical bone. The levels of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at different time points (P＜0.05). These results suggest that tricalcium phosphate bone graft can up-regulate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor and accelerate bone healing.

Objective To study the method and therapeutic results of intra-arterial interventional treatment (selective intra-arterial fibrinolysis) in acute cerebral infarction(ACl).Methods A total of 106 patients with ACI are divided into two groups:selective intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy group(SIAF),intra-venously thrombolysis group(IVF);SIAF is selective entered into the obliterative artery with improved Seldinger's technich,pumped urokinase(UK) in a dose of 500 000 i.u.in NS.60ml within 40 minutes;arteriography is done all the time to know if the obliterative artery is unobstruct- ed,if it remains obstructe,then pumps 300 000 i.u.of UK,as long as it unobstructed,the treatment is finished at once; IVF is injected 1000 000 i.u.of UK in NS.150 mL by intravenous drip within 40 minutes,others like SIAF.Results The artery is disobliteration after thrombolysis,48 patients in SIAF,30 patients in IVF,P

Objective To investigate the effect of calcium antagonist verapamil on the function of rat?- cells and tolbutamide (D860)-induced insulin release.Methods Insulin released from isolated islets were measured in control,verapamil,D860,and verapamil+D860 groups.Furthermore,intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was conducted in acute experiments treated with verapamil and D860 respectively to assess?-cell function in rats with the same allocation as in vitro.Another IVGTT was performed in the end of 4 weeks' treatment.The insulin contents in pancreas were assayed and pancreas islets morphology were observed with immunohistochemistry.Results Verapamil could inhibit insulin release from isolated islets.Verapamil group was [(1.244?0.082)ng?ml~(-1)?islet~(-1)]and control group (2.623?0.226) ng?ml~(-1)?islet~(-1)(P0.05).Also,similar results were obtained in normal rats during acute experiments and verapamil reduce the hypoglycemic effect promoted by D860. However,above results were not observed in the end of 4 weeks experiments,and no difference for insulin content and morphological change in islets was found among four groups.Conclusion Treatment of verapamil chronically does not impair islet function and interfere with the hypoglycemic effect of D860 in rats .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of H2S pretreatment after cerebral schemia/reperfusion injury and its mechanisms in rats.

METHODSThe rat model of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion combined with hemorrhagic hypotension.30 rats were randomly divided into four groups(1)sham group(n=5),in which rats received sham surgery only,with their bilateral vertebral artery and bilateral common carotid artery exposed but without ischemia treatment;(2)global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model group(IR group,n=5),in which the global cerebral ischemia was induced by 10-min occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with hypotension;(3)H2S pretreatment group(n=15),in which H2S(12,24,48 Μmol/kg)was intraperitoneally injected before operation;(4)NaCl pretreatment group(n=5),in which the rats were intraperitoneally injected with saline 30 minutes before operation.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the levels of malondialdeehyde(MDA)in brain were measured by spectrophotometry.Brain water content was detected.The expression of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) in the hippocampus was determined by Western blotting.

RESULTSThe SOD activities were significant increased in groups pretreated with 12Μmol/kg H2S(P=0.042),24Μmol/kg H2S(P=0.002),and 48Μmol/kg H2S(P=0.000),and the SOD activity was significantly lower in the ischemia group than in the Sham group(P=0.003).The MDA activities in the 24Μmol/kg group(P=0.026)and the 48Μmol/kg group(P=0.015)groups were significantly lower than in the IR group.The brain water content was decreased in H2S pretreatment group(24Μmol/kg and 48 Μmol/kg)compared with IR group(P=0.018,P=0.008),and it was also significantly higher in the IR group than in the sham group(P=0.009).The expression of HSP70 were decreased in H2S pretreatment group(24 Μmol/kg)compared with the IR group(P=0.000),and the expression of HSP70 were significantly higher in the IR group than in HSP70 group(P=0.000).The expression of HSP70 also significantly differed between NaCl group and HSP70 group(P=0.000).

CONCLUSIONH2S has protective effects on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion,which may be achieved by improving SOD activity,removing oxygen free radicals,inhibiting lipid peroxidation,and down-regulating the expression of HSP70 in the hippocampus.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

The study on the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is a linking science during the modernization of TCMs, and plays an important role in the studies on the complex material base of TCMs, the in vivo process of ingredient/ component and the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics correlation. However, because of the multi-ingredient/component system of TCMs, how to scientifically reveal the pharmacokinetics that is consistent with TCMs' characteristics has long been a hotspot and difficulty for the exploration. The optimal composition structure of the material basis of TCMs shows the best efficacy, while the difference between the multi-ingredient/component composition structures in the efficacy is closely related to their absorption, transport, metabolism and excretion in vivo. In this article, the authors systematically review the study methods for pharmacokinetics of TCMs and their compounds, and explore the pharmacokinetics of TCMs based on the "component structure theory". As a result, the method for integrating TCM component structure and the TCM pharmacokinetics was proposed to be adopted to intensively study the effect of the component structure on the in vivo TCM multi-ingredient/component pharmacokinetic characteristics, in order to promote the TCM modernization and innovation in China.
Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pharmacokinetics ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To investigate the characteristic of regional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the brain of adolescents with online game addiction during the resting state.Methods The ALFF method was employed to explore the local features of spontaneous brain activity in adolescents with online game addiction (n =26) and healthy controls (n =23) during resting-state by Resting-State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit.Results Compared with healthy controls,adolescents with online game addiction showed increased ALFF values in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC),left middle cingulate cortex (MCC),bilateral caudate,right pallidum,bilateral parahippocampal gyrus,and right insula.It was noteworthy that the ALFF values of the right caudate (r =0.4437,P =0.0232) and right parabippocampal gyrus (r =0.5227,P =0.0062) were positively correlated with the duration of online game addiction.Conclusion The abnormal spontaneous neuronal activity properties during the resting state were revealed in the brain regions of adolescents with online game addiction.And the abnormalities may become more significant as the disease progresses.

Theexcretionofurinaryandplasmametabolitesofsalbutamolwasstudiedusingultrahigh performance liquid chromatography electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry, after a single intragastric gavaged dose administration with salbutamol. The software of Agilent MassHunter Metabolite ID was employed to find and identify the chemical structure of metabolites of salbutamol. Five metabolites from salbutamol were identified. Metabolites identified in swine urine included glucuronide conjugate salbutamol, N-oxide-salbutamol, hydroxyl-salbutamol, methoxyl-salbutamol and dehydrated hydroxyl-salbutamol. Whereas, only the parent drug, glucuronide conjugate salbutamol and dehydrated hydroxyl-salbutamol were observed in swine plasma.

Air Pollution, Indoor ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Benzene ; analysis ; Housing ; standards ; Humans

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), a kind of new solid tablet that rapidly disintegrates to work in the mouth, has became the hot form of new drug research in recent years with many advantages, such as the convenient taking, a widely applicable people, fast acting, high bioavailability, good compliance, and so on. ODT has been widely used in chemical medicines, while the application of it in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is still in the stage of development The development of TCMs ODT provides a new direction for the research of Chinese medicine new dosage, accelerates the pace of connecting to the world and modernization of Chinese medicine. This dosage has a broad market prospect, and its quality control and assessment standards, taste, the disintegration time in vitro and evaluation method are the key factors that affect the industrialization, standardization of Chinese medicine ODT. Therefore, this paper reviewed the characteristics, preparation, taste masking technology and quality evaluation with new technology of ODT. Meantime, numerous application examples of ODT used in traditional Chinese medicine were described. We expect to provide the reference and utilization for the development of traditional Chinese medicine orally disinteeratine tablets.
Administration, Oral ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Solubility ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Taste