Radiation retinopathy is a kind of retinopathy after expose to radiation sources or radiotherapy.In China,it occurs mostly after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.With the development of radiation equipment and radiotherapy technique,the target of treatment is improved and side effects decreased.However,better curative effect may bring longer surviving time and higher incidence of radiation retinopathy eventually.Radiation retinopathy is easily ignored or misdiagnosed as its fundus change is similar to that of some common retinal vascular diseases.Besides,there is no unified and standard treatment for radiation retinopathy.Thus,radiation retinopathy usually leads to incurable vision loss.Oculist and oncologist should pay close attention to this disease.This review focuses on the pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,assistant examination,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and therapeutic method for radiation retinopathy,especially the latest treatment advances in order to achieve early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) ithe leading cause of vision disordecaused by variouretinal diseases.Apresent,many therapeutimethodare employed clinically,such aphotodynamitherapy (PDT),anti-vasculaendothelial growth facto(anti-VEGF) and transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT).However,none of them can cure CNV thoroughly and repeated treatmenirequired usually.The reason forecurrenCNV istill unclear.Choroidal hypoperfusion associated with Pdmay be one of the reasons.The purpose of thireview ito discusthe problem of choroidal hypoperfusion associated with PDfoCNV awell aitimpacon the eye and possible solutions.Thipapepresentevidenceof choroidal hypoperfusion aftePDand itrelationship with clinical outcomes.Meanwhile,the effecof combination therapy iassessed.Finally,low-fluence Pdirecommended apotential method to reduce choroidal hypoperfusion.

Objective To express TmpA recombinant antigen of Treponema pallidum in E.coli and to develop an Enzyme linked Immunoassay (EIA) based on the recombinant antigen for diagnosing syphilis. Methods The target TmpA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products of the gene were inserted into pBluescript T vector, and then expressed in E.coli, using pQE 30 system. Then the recombinant antigen was purified by an affinity chromatography and used for the development of EIA. Results The antigenicity of the recombinant antigen was identified by western blotting (WB) and EIA. The sensitivity and specificity of EIA were 100%(10/10) and 100% (20/20), respectively. The positive rates of anti TmpA antibodies were 91.67% (11/12) for the patients with Ⅰ phase of syphilis and 100% for the patients of Ⅱ and late stage of the disease. Conclusions The TmpA recombinant protein can be used to diagnose syphilis since 97.2% (35/36) of patients with syphilis were positive for the anti TmpA antibody by EIA.

Acrylamide ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Workplace

AIM: To investigate the effects of apelin-13 on proliferation, migration and capillary-like tube formation of a monkey choroid / retinal endothelial cell line, RF/6A, to clarify whether apelin-13 could promote retinal angiogenesis in vitro.METHODS: RF/6A cells in good conditions were administrated with DMSO (the control group), apelin-13 at 0.1μmol/L (low dose group) or apelin-13 at 1μmol/L (high dose group).Cell proliferation, migration and capillary-like tube formation were detected by using the MTT assay, scratch assay and matrigel assay, respectively, at 24h after plating the cells.RESULTS: Cell proliferation was promoted in both low and high dose apelin-13 groups compared to the control cells (P<0.05);the cell migration distance of both apelin-13 groups was significantly greater than that of the control group (P<0.05);and the number of capillary-like tube structures of both apelin-13 groups was significantly larger than that of the control cells (P<0.05).In addition, cell proliferation, migration and tube formation increased as the concentration of apelin-13 increased.CONCLUSION: Apelin-13 could obviously promote the angiogenesis capacity of RF/6A cells, suggesting that apelin-13 was an important pro-angiogenic factor in retinal endothelial cells.

China ; Cohort Studies ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Nutrition Surveys

Objective To evaluate estrogen receptor (ER) α and β expressions in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in China and their relationship with clinical and pathological characteristics.Methods Expressions of ER α and β were detected by immunohistochemical assay in 147 NSCLC patients over 65 years old,and its relationship with clinical and pathological characteristics was analyzed statistically.Results Both ERα and β expressed in nucleus.The positive expression rate of ER α and β was 4.1％ (6/147) and 86.4％ (127/147) respectively.There was correlation between ER α expression and the patient age,tumor stage,and pathology differential degree.There was higher ER α expression in patients 65 to 70 years old (8.8 ％) compared with patients over 70 years old (0.0％) (x2 =7.267,P=0.007).The ER α expression was higher in patients in stage Ⅰ (9.4％) than that in later stage (0.0％) (x2=8.112,P=0.004),and also higher in patients with pathological high degree (14.3％) than that with pathological low degree (0.0％) (x2=7.820,P=0.005).ER β expression was associated with tumor stage,histology type and pathology differential degree.ER β expression was higher in patients in stage Ⅰ (76.6 ％,x2 =9.322,P=0.002),much stronger in adenocarcinoma (71.0％,x2 =4.626,P=0.031),and in pathological high degree patients (82.1％,x2 =7.092,P =0.008).Conclusions ER α and β expressions correlate with clinical and pathological characteristics in elderly NSCLC patients.It indicates that expressions of ERα and β might play an important role in the occurrence and development of NSCLC,and might be a new therapy target in NSCLC.

AIM: To investigate the effect of 7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5, 8a-diphenyl-1,2, 3, 7, 8, 8a-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine (TIP-6) on cell proliferation in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and human normal hepatocyte cell line L02. METHODS: Typan blue assay was used to check the effect of TIP-6 on cell proliferation. The changes of cell morphology were observed by the phase contrast microscope. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to check cell cycle. Autophagy and autophagic cell death were detected after acridine orange (AO) staining under fluorescent microscopy. Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/7-AAD, DAPI staining and DNA ladder. NF-κB expression was detected with cellular immunochemistry. RESULTS: Cell proliferation inhibiting effect was appeared when treated with TIP6 from 60 μmol/L to 200 μmol/L, which was correlated with treated concentrations and time. The proliferation rates were just 12.10% and 18.75% (vs control) under 200 μmol/L 72 h in HepG2 and L02 respectively. Vacuolization were found more and more frequently with the increasing of TIP-6 concentrations and treated time prolonged. FCM results indicated that cells were blocked in G2/M phase, and more sensitive were found in HepG2 than L02. AO staining results indicated that the phenomenon of autophagy and autophagic cell death were occurred and appeared more potent with more TIP-6 and longer time treated. No apoptosis markers were found with Annexin V/7-AAD and DAPI staining, and no DNA ladders were found either, these indicated that TIP6 didnt induce apoptosis in these cells. NF-κB was found increased after treated with TIP-6, and the autophagic vacuole became more and more with the increasing of NF-κB protein, but the proliferation rates decreased at the same time. CONCLUSION: TIP-6 inhibited cell proliferation and induced autophagy and autophagic cell death in HepG2 and L02 cells. NF-κB activation may be involved in these effects.

Objective To explore impact of high pulmonary blood flow on the content and metabolism of collagen in rats.Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into shunt group and control group.Rats in shunt group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create an animal model of high pulmonary blood flow.In control group,rats experienced the same expe-rimental processes except the shunting procedure.After 4 and 11 weeks of experiment,these changes of pulmonaryartery collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP-13)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP-1) protein expression of rat were investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results After 4 weeks and 11 weeks of shunt,the collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ,MMP-13 and TIMP-1 of pulmonary artery in rats of shunt group increased significantly compared with those of control group,respectively(all P

Objective To compare the infectivity between laboratory adapted human inununodefi- ciency virus(HIV-1) and primary HIV-1 isolates for different mucosal epithelial cell lines. Methods Mu-cosal epithelial cells Caco-2, T-84, HeLa and lymphocyte MT-4 were infected with laboratory adapted HIV-1 SF33 and 2 primary HIV-1 isolates (02010561, 02010141). Culture supernatant and cells were collected respectively on 3-4 days interval after virus inoculation. The former was tested for HIV-1 antigen P24 level and viral load, and the latter was tested for total viral DNA and integrated viral DNA. Results All 3 virus strains could infect MT-4 cells and integrate into their genome. Only HIV-1 SF33 could infect Caco-2 cells but could not integrate into their genomic DNA. Both HIV-1 SF33 and 02010561 infected HeLa cells but only integration of HIV-1 SF33 was detected. All the 3 HIV-1 strains infected T-84 cells but only the integra-tion of HIV-1 SF33 and 02010141 was observed. Conclusion Although laboratory adapted and primary HIV-1 strains are able to infect human mucosal epithelial cell lines, transient or productive infection estab-lished in different mucosal epithelial cells is dependent on the character of cells and virus strains.