AIM: To observe the synergetic analgesic effects of low dose of haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist and under-threshold dose of morphine on mice induced by thermal and acetic acid, and to analyze the major mechanism of their synergetic actions. METHODS: To examine the analgesic synergetic effect of haloperidol (0.315 mg/kg, 0.625 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg, ip respectively), morphine (3.125 mg/kg, 6.25 mg/kg, 12.5 mg/kg ip, respectively) or combining effect of haloperidol (0.3125 mg/kg) with morphine (3.125 mg/kg) on mice, we compared the change of pain threshold stimulated by thermal, latent period of twisting, the number of times of twisting by acetic acid, and we also estimated the antagonistic effect of d -amphetamine (10 mg/kg) and naloxone (5 mg/kg) on haloperidol and morphine group. RESULTS: Combination of haloperidol with morphine significantly enhanced pain threshold of mice induced by thermal, prolonged latent period of twisting and decreased the number of times of twisting. Naloxone markedly antagonized the combination of analgesic action of haloperidol and morphine and not d -amphetamine. CONCLUSION: Combination of haloperidol with morphine have synergetic analgesic effect and morphine is the dominant factor.

Professor WEI Pin-kang believes that, as a complication of gastric cancer, malignant ascites and gastric cancer have the same pathogenesis: water and dampness retention is the external performance and phlegm resistance is the inner essence. Hence therapy of resolving phlegm and promoting diuresis is suggested for the fundamental treatment of gastric ascites. Using the method of the combination of internal and external treatment, this therapy includes resolving phlegm and draining water medicine both to dispel pathogen and to improve symptoms. Xiaotan LishuiDecoction based on this therapy is composed of Arisacma Cum Bile, processed Pinelliae Rhizome, Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus, old pericarp of bottle gourd, Polyporus, Natriee Sulfas, Phytolaccae Radix and Poria.

Aim To investigate the antagonistic action of EGCG on apoptosis of rat PC12 cell induced by MPP+.Methods PC12 cells were cultured and the apoptosis induced by MPP+(900 ?mol?L-1)was observed.The cells were randomly divided into 6 groups:blank group without any treatment,MPP+ control group,vitamin E group and EGCG groups(10,50,100 ?mol?L-1).After treatment of drugs,cell viability,leakage of LDH,morphological changes of mitochondria and apoptosis were detected by MTT,Hoechst 33342 staining,transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry,respectively.Results After treatment of cultured PC12 cells with MPP+,cell viability was decreased,leakage of LDH and apoptotic rate were increased,and mitochondria swelling,vacuole and cristae breakage were observed.Vitamin E and EGCG en-hanced cell viability,reduced the leakage of LDH and apoptotic rate,and decreased the damage degree of mitochondria.Conclusions EGCG possesses the ability of inhibiting rat PC12 cell apoptosis induced by MPP+,and its protective action may relate to its function of keeping mitochondria integrality.

AIM: To observe the improvement effects of berberine on glycated brain damages in model rats induced by D-galactose. METHODS: The model rats of protein glycation were induced by intraperitoneal administration of D-galactose(150 mg/kg?d) for 8 weeks,and all rats were treated with berberine(high dose 300 mg/kg,middle dose 150 mg/kg,low dose 75 mg/kg) for 6 weeks.The activity of aldose reductase in red blood cells,the amount of glycated products(fructosamine in serum,glycohaemoglobin,advanced gtycation end-products),and the content of AGEs in brain tissue,calcium ion in brain cells were measured.Moreover,mitochondria in brain hippocampus cells were observed under electronic microscope. RESULTS: High dose and middle dose of berberine could decrease the activity of aldose reductase in red blood cells(P

AIM: To observe the effects of puerarin on blood pressure(BP),serum lipid in a rat model of insulin resistance and the mechanism.METHODS: Adult SD rats were maintained on high-fat-sugar-salt diet for 12 weeks.Puerarin was administered to the rats from 9th week for 4 weeks by intramuscular injection.BP was measured at the end of 0,8th,12th week.The levels of serum glucose,serum lipid,fasting serum insulin and the levels of MDA,TNF-?,plasma rennin,angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) and the activity of SOD were measured and the insulin-sensitivity index was also calculated at the end of the experiment.RESULTS: High and middle dosage of puerarin significantly decreased blood pressure,reduced the levels of serum lipid and AngⅡ,and also increased insulin-sensitivity index.The levels of MDA and TNF-? were significantly decreased by high dosage of puerarin.The activity of SOD was increased significantly.CONCLUSIONS: Puerarin possesses the effects of decreasing the blood pressure and serum lipid in a rat model of insulin resistance,which may be concerned with the changes of rennin-angiotensin system,the levels of oxygen-derived free radicals and TNF-?.

AIM: To investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP+)-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma(PC12) cells and to explore the relationships between its roles of anti-oxidation,intracellular calcium homeostasis and anti-apoptosis.METHODS: Rat PC12 cells were pretreated with vehicle control or EGCG(10,50,and 100 ?mol/L) for 30 min,then cultured with MPP+(900 ?mol/L) for 24 h.The cell viability and apoptosis were monitored by MTT assay and flow cytometry using Annexin V and PI.The activity of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA),cytoplasmic Ca2+ density and apoptotic morphology of mitochondria were examined by fluorescent plate-based assays,confocal microscope,and transmission electron microscope,respectively.RESULTS: MPP+ impaired the PC12 cells in a concentration-dependent pattern and induced apoptosis of the cells(31% versus control).Compared with the control,the cells pretreated with EGCG showed markedly higher rate of viability and lower apoptosis.Meanwhile,EGCG pretreatment significantly increased the SOD activity and decreased the levels of MDA and ROS.Interestingly,EGCG also decreased the concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and improved the morphology of mitochondria.CONCLUSION: EGCG exhibits inhibitory effects on MPP+-induced apoptosis in rat PC12 cells,which is possibly associated with increasing the cell ability of anti-oxidation and decreasing the concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+.

China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes ; physiology ; Listeriosis ; epidemiology ; Serotyping

Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Sapium sebiferum leaves were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, including column chromatographies over silica gel, macroporous adsorption resin, and Sephadex LH-20, as well as preparative TLC and semi preparative HPLC. As a results, 15 compounds were separated from Sapium sebiferum leaves and their structures were examined by spectral analysis including NMR and MS data and identified as( + )-(7R,7'R,7"S,7'"S,8S,8'S,8"S,8'"S)-4", 4"'-dihydroxy-3,3',3",3',5,5'-hexamethoxy-7,9';7',9-diepoxy-4,8";4',8'"-bisoxy-8,8'-dineo-lignan-7",7"',9",9"'-tetraol(1) ,1-(4'- hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4"-(3-hydroxypropyl) -2", 6"-dimethoxyphenoxy] propane-1, 3-diol (2), Thero-2, 3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxypheyl)-3-methoxy-propanol(3) , threo-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyphenyl propane-8,9-diol (4), boropinol B (5), threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol(6), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(7), 5-( methoxy-methyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (8), quercetin (9) , kaempferol (10), ethyl gallate(11), coniferaldehyde(12), vanillin(13), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-henzopyran-2-one(14),and 1-heptacosanol (15). All compounds except for compounds 9-11,14 were separated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Sapium ; chemistry

For the establishment of chemical library of protoberberines provided for the bio-activity screening, the target compounds were synthesized by thermal degradation and nucleophilic substitution reactions with the bio-active alkaloid, palmatine (1), as the raw material, and their structures were identified and conformed by 1H-NMR and MS spectra. Among them, 13 compounds were new.
Berberine Alkaloids ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure

Objective To explore the relationship between types of social support and roles of supporters,on people living with HIV/AIDS,in rural areas of Henan province.Methods A rural area from Henan province where the main route of HIV transmission was through blood collection was selected as the research site.Survivors registered in that area were randomly selected as subjects.Questionnaire on social support related to social network analysis paradigm was designed and face-to-face interview was used to collect information.Correspondence analysis method was adopted to analyze the relationship between types of social support and roles of social supporters.Results 204 questionnaires were sorted out with 2227 pairs of bind between types of social support and roles of social supporters analyzed.According to scatter plot of row and column points,our data showed that support from the spouses was mainly associated with caring for daily life and companionship for medical treatment on the patients.The research subjects stated that they would primarily discuss over the major issues or chat with their parents and children as they were the ones that they could trust the most.However,they would turn to their brothers,sisters or other relatives to borrow money or asking for other kinds of help.Non-relatives were the resources on social interaction,like going-out together or borrowing life necessities.Conclusion Supporters with different social roles on HIV/AIDS issues,appeared to be corresponded to specific types of social support in rural areas of Henan province.