Objective:To provide anatomic basis for the location and protection of the tributaries of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in the retroperitoneal surgery.Methods:Fifty adult cadavers fixed with formalin were collected at random for study.The IVC and its tributaries were dissected,observed and measured in the region from the confluence of the left and right common iliac vein to the superior border of left renal vein(the initiative segment of IVC).Results:(1)The length of this segment of IVC was 13.12+1.51cm,and outer-diameter was 2.25?0.24cm.The number of vein tributaries from this segment was 8.75?2.02,66.3% of the tributaries entered the IVC posteriorly,and 66.4% of the tributaries entered the IVC on renal region(renal segment of IVC i.e.segment from the inferior end of right kidney to the superior border of left renal vein).(2)Vein tributaries:①Right gonad vein:84.9% of these veins entered the IVC anteriorly.The average distance from the point where the right gonad vein entering the anterior wall of IVC was approximately 3.56?0.85cm away from the superior border of left renal vein.②Lumbar vein(100%):The location of the lumbar veins in the infrarenal portion of the IVC was highly variable.A great number of veins was noted on the left(3～4)than on the right side(2～3). The veins tended to enter the IVC at different levels and not in pairs.③Surgical vein of mesentery(86%):The average distance from the point where the surgical vein entered the left side of anterior wall of IVC to the superior border of left renal vein was approximatately 6.94?1.21cm.④Right suprarenal vein(20%).⑤Right assistant renal vein (25%)⑥Right vein around kidney (36%).⑦Right inferior phrenic vein (6%).Conclusion:The result provides further morphological basis for retroperitoneal surgery.

0.05); in group C and D,there were still significant difference at 8 weeks. there were different histopatholog- ical changes in groups during the test. Conclusion:A mouse model of contusive spinal cord injury is a reasonable model and provides theory basis for SCI studies.

Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of CT-guided chemical thoracic sympathectomy(CTS) for Raynaud′s phenomenon in the upper limbs.Methods Ten patients with Raynaud′s phenomenon in 20 limbs were enrolled in this study.Among the patients,4 were recurrent cases,who had undergone X-ray-guided CTS.Under CT guidance,a needle was punctured through the back skin to the second or third thoracic sympathetic ganglion beside the thoracic vertebrae,and then 3 ml of 5% phenol was injected into each located point.Results After the treatment,10 limbs achieved excellent outcomes,3 were good,4 were improved,and 3 were non-effective.The totally effective rate was 85.0%(17/20).The effective rate was 92.9%(13/14) in the limbs with primary Raynaud′s phenomenon,66.7%(4/6) in those with secondary Raynaud′s phenomenon,and 75.0%(6/8) for the recurrent cases.No patient developed pneumothorax. Conclusions CT-guided CTS is a minimally invasive surgery for Raynaud′s phenomenon in upper limbs with a high effective rate.The procedures can be used to treat recurrent cases.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect and toxic reaction of pemetrexed combination with carboplatin as the therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) of senium.Methods A total of 49 chemotherapy naive patients with ⅢB or Ⅳ NSCLC were enrolled in this study.Pemetrexed was given at a dose of 500mg/m2.Carboplatin dosed to an area under the time-concentration curve( AUC ) of 5.The chemotherapy was repeated every 21 days.Each patient was given at least 2 cycles.Results The curative effects of all the patients were evaluated.Among the 49 patients, the symptoms of 23 had been partially response ,21 stabilized and 5 progressed.The total effective rate was 46.9% ( 23/49 ).The efficiency of 68.2% in NSCLC with ⅢB phase were significantly higher than,29.6% in NSCLC with IV phase( X2 = 3.879, P < 0.05 ), Median time to progression (TIP) was 5.3 months.Median survival duration was 11.2 months( 3～ 21 months), and one year survival rate was 54.3%.The major toxicity included neutropenia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, impaired liver function, febrile neutropenia, etc.The severity of these side effect was in grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ and well tolerated.Among 49 cases,23 cases of leukopenia(46.9% ) was significantly higher than that of nausea in 11 cases (22.4%), vomiting in 5 cases ( 10.0% ), abnormal liver function in 4 cases( 8.0% ).Fever in 1 case ( 2.0% ) ( X2 = 3.879, P < 0.05 ; X2 = 8.451,8.778,9.123,9.741, all P < 0.01 ).Conclusion Pemetrexed combination with carboplatin was effective in the first line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer,with mild to moderate side effect and safety in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the compatible stability of ondansetron hydrochloride injection and carboplatin for injection.METHODS:The content of the mixture of ondansetron hydrochloride injection and carboplatin for injection was determined within8hours at a room termperature by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotography;its outward appearance was ob?served and the pH value of the mixture was determined.RESULTS:The appearance and pH value of the mixture had no distinct change.CONCLUSION:The mixture of ondansetron hydrochloride injection and carboplatin for injection was stable within8hours after interaction.

Objective:To evaluate the novel technique of carotid-carotid bypass combines with windowed stent-graft in the treatment of aneurysms at the aortic arch without thoracotomy. Methods:Firstly,a right to left common carotid artery bypass was established with a graft with rings.Then the stent-graft was windowed at the determined position.Finally,the stent-graft was deploied into the aortic arch to exclude the aneurysm with the anonyma maintained patent.Results: The grafts were patent,and no brain ischemia or cranial accident occurred.The left upper limbs maintained there function.The left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery were sealed.The aneurysms were occluded.Conclusions:The technique is a suitable method for the arch aneurysm,and is mini-invasive which may avoid of macro-trauma,large volume of blood loss, and the unstable of the blood dynaminc statement resulting from thoracotomy.The lumen of the aneurysm is still occluded thoroughly,and the procedure is simplified.But only a veteran endovascular doctor may control it safely.

Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic effect of electronic dental anesthesia(EDA).　Methods: Sixty patients with dental caries in need of cavity preparation and 15 patients with pulpitis in need of pulp treatment were anesthetized with EDA, another 60 patients with dental caries in need of cavity preparation and 15 patients with pulpitis in need of pulp treatment were anesthetized with traditional local anesthesia(LA).　 Results: For patients with dental caries in need of cavity preparation, the effective rates in EDA group and LA group were 93.33% and 98.33% respectively(P>0.05).For patients with pulpitis in need of pulp treatment ,the effective rates in EDA group and LA group were 26.7% and 93.33% respectively(P<0.01).　Conclusions: EDA can be an effective analgesic method for cavity preparation, but not for pulp treatment.

Objective To investigate different factors related to fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to find out the possible causes of FGR with unclear etiologies. Methods Sixty-three women who were suspected of FGR during pregnancy between March 2002 and March 2003 were included in this study. Their age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, and gestational weeks were recorded at the time when they were first diagnosed . Haemoglobin levels, haematocrit (HCT) ,TORCH, anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) , 50 gram glucose challenge test (50g GCT) , 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (75g OGTT) , leptin levels, systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio by color doppler monitor and chlamydia trachomatis (CT) were detected and urine culture was done in these groups during the same period. The gestational week, birth weight, body length and the gender were recorded at the delivery period. The FGR group was then divided into two subgroups according to the birth weights: study A group whose birth weights were lower than 10th% of the birth weights at the given gestational weeks (29 cases) and study B group whose birth weights were beyond 10th% (34 cases). The chromosome, leptin, C-peptide, insulin and TORCH of umbilical blood were measured at delivery. The other 25 normal pregnant women were included as control and the same tests were performed accordingly. Results The fasting glucose and the third hour's glucose of 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test of study A were( 3. 8 ?0, 6) mmol/L and (4. 5 ?1. 1) mmol/L. The fetal lepin, C-peptide, and insulin were (7.3 ? 5. 2) ng/ml, (0. 5 ? 0. 3) nmol/L and (2. 3 ? 1. 3 ) mU/L The S/D ratio of umbilical artery, maternal and fetal infection rate of CMV, positive rate of ACA-IgM and the rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria were 3.06, 20.7%, 24.1%, 44.8% and 62.1% respectively. The fasting glucose and the third hour's glucose of 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test of study B were (4. 4 ? 0. 7) mmol/L and (4. 6 ? 1. 1 ) mmol/L. The fetal lepin, C-peptide, and insulin were ( 13. 2 ? 11. 3 ) ng/ml, (0. 7 ? 0. 4) nmol/L and (4.3 ? 3.3) mU/L The S/D ratio of umbilical artery, maternal and fetal infection rate of CMV, positive rate of ACA-IgM and the rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria were 2. 63, 2. 9% , 0% , 5.9% and 44. 1% respectively. The fasting glucose and the third hour's glucose of 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test in control were (4. 3 ? 0. 7) mmol/L and (5. 3 ? 1.2) mmol/L. The fetal lepin, C-peptide, and insulin were( 20. 5 ? 12. 0) ng/ml, (1. 0 ? 0. 4) nmol/L and ( 6. 3 ? 4. 0) mU/L The S/D ratio of umbilical artery, maternal and fetal infection rate of CMV, positive rate of ACA-IgM and the rate of the asymptomatic bacteriuria were 2. 80, 0, 0, 0 and 24. 0% respectively. All these items were significantly higher in study A than those in the control (P

Objective:Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Misoprostol promoting cervical mature for before abortion . Method:8 patients of induced abortion operation were enrolled in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2012 , and were randomly divided into observation group and control group, each group had 124 cases, the observation group was given misoprostol which placed in cvaginal fornix preoperative , and control group without prompting cervical ripening drug. Observation of cervical dilatation, degree of pain, operation time and bleeding volume in two groups of patients. Result: The efficiency rate of observation group was 96. 8%, significantly higher than 82. 3% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05);there were 100 cases of painless in the observation group , and 51 cases in control group, the degree of pain in the observation group were obviously improved than the control group , the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05);,operation time of treatment group was shorter than the control group, the amount of bleeding surgery was significantly lower than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Misoprostol is given before induced abortion , can relax cervical effectively, shorten operation time, reduce the patients' pain, reduce the difficulty of operation, increase the safety of operation , is worth the clinical promotion.

In recent years, immunotherapy has become an indispensable part in treatment of cancer, and the immune checkpoint inhibitors are the focus of attention. In the 58th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hematologic malignancies had been widely concerned. The recent progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hematologic malignancies in this annual meeting will be briefly introduced.