This study aimed at analyzing the trend of research on the use of exercise therapy in Koera, suggesting directions for future research and implementation of the various exercise therapies. The target population was taken from studies on Exercise Therapy as a nursing interverntion in Domestic Nursing Science, Physiology, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Athletics. Research studies were taken from dissertations and theses selected from Academic Society Journals of nursing science, physiology, rehabilitation medicine and athletics, Journals from universities, medical and nursing schools, and research institutes in various universities, the Central Journal of Medicine, and the New Medical Journal. The studies selected were conducted between 1970 and 1997. The total sample number was 86 different research papers. These studies were analyzed according to Time of Presentation, Theses for a Degree, Experimental Design, Subject, Sample Size, Dependant Variables, Exercise Therapy, and Effect of Exercise Therapy. The results were as follows: 1. The Learning Domain included: 59.3% from Nursing Studies, 22.1% from Athletics research, and 18.6% from the Medical field. 2. Research on exercise therapy has increased rapidly in the 1990's. At the time of this presentation 80.2% of the studies were from the 1990's, and 19.8% were from the 1980's. 3. Thesis areas included : 62.8% non-degree research, 20.9% Doctoral studies, and 16.3% Master's theses. 4. Experimental design parameters includ[ed : 59.3% non-equivalent control group pre-test/post-test design, 30.3% one group pre-test/post-test design, and 10.4% one group post-test only design. 5. Of the Subjects : 54.7% were healthy individuals, and 45.3% were patients with various health problems. 6. Sample size included : 46.5% with above 31 subjects, 15.1% with 11~15 and 12.8% with 6~10. 7. Dependant variables were categorized as : Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Cardio-pulmonary function, Body Composition, Physical Strength, Physical Response, Psychological Response, Activities of Daily Living and the others. Cardio-pulmonary function was measured as a de pendant variable in 91.8%, Body Composition in 89.6%, Lipid Metabolism in 72.1%, Psychological Response in 55.9%, Physical Strength in 47.7%, Physical Response in 46.4%, Glucose Metabolism in 31.4%, Activities of Daily Living in 11.6% and others composed 3.5%. 8. Each Exercise Therapy was analyzed by Type, Intensity, Frequency, Duration, and Period according to each Learning Domain. 1) In the area of Nursing Science : the Type Rhythmic Exercise at 31.4% was the most common, Walking, Jogging, and Running composed 25.5%, Muscle Building Exercise made up 19.6%, and Aquatic Exercise were the least common at 11.8%. Exercise with 40~65% Intensity-comprised 25.5%, Frequency -3~5 X weekly was the most common at 78.4%, while Duration of 15~60 minutes at 76.5%, and Periods-of more than 5 weeks at 82.3% were the most common in their categories. 2) In the area of Medicine : the Type-Walking, Jogging, and Running was the most common at 81.3%, Intensity- of 50~80% was the most common at 31.3%, Frequency of 2~3 X a week was the most common at 31.3% also, while 4~5X a week at 25.0%, and 6 X weekly was the least common at 12.5%. Duration-of 15~60 minutes per session was the most common at 50.0%, while sessions of more than 2 hours were 18.8% and 5~10 minutes sessions were only 12.5%. Periods-of 5 weeks were the most common at 75.0%. 3) In the area of Athletics : the Type Walking, Jogging, and Running at 47.4% was the most common, with Rhythmic Exercise second at 31.6%, and Aquatic Exercise third at 15.8%. Intensity-of 50-80% was the most common at 73.7%. Frequency-of 3~5X a week was the most common at 84.2%. Duration-of 30-60 minutes per session being the commonest choice, while sessions of 6~12 minutes or more than 90 were 15.8%. Exercise periods of more than 8 weeks were the most common at 78.9%, while those of 6 weeks were 15.8%. The exercise methods used to attain Intensity (66.7, 26.3, 62.5%), Frequency(3.9, 15.8, 25.0 %), Duration( 15.8, 21.4, 18.8%) in Nursing Science, Athletics and Medicine were not described in detail. 9. The effect of Exercise Therapy was categorized into 'positive', 'partially positive', 'no effect'according to dependant variables : Having a positive effect Glucose Metabolism and the Others (80.0%), Physical Response (75.7%), Activities of Daily Living(75.0%), Physical Strength (70.7%), Body Composition(67.0%), Psychological Response(62.7%), Cardio pulmonary Function (61.8%). and Lipid Metabolism(55.1%). The following suggestions can be made on the above findings: 1. Research which includes patients with chronic disease needs to be studied. 2. Research findings on Exercise Therapy as a Nursing Intervention need to described by their elements of Type, Intensity, Frequency, Duration and Period. 3. To properly research the positive effects of Exercise Therapy, there needs to be (1) appropriate research design, (2) selection criteria for the subjects of the studies, (3) sample size parameters, and (4) measurement criterion for the dependant variables. 4. Meta-analysis on Exercise Therapy needs to be done to analyze and integrate the various results. 5. The patterns of Exercise Therapy need to be compared with existing international research and current trends for the most effective program design and implementation.
Academies and Institutes ; Activities of Daily Living ; Body Composition ; Chronic Disease ; Exercise Therapy* ; Glucose ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Jogging ; Korea* ; Learning ; Lipid Metabolism ; Metabolism ; Nursing* ; Patient Selection ; Physiology ; Rehabilitation ; Research Design ; Running ; Sample Size ; Schools, Nursing ; Sports ; Walking

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of nadroparin in the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and its action mechanism.

METHODThe MTT test was adopted to observe the effect of different concentrations of naringenin on the growth capacity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Wound healing and transwell experiment analysis were conducted to detect the effect of naringenin on the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Western blotting was adopted to investigate the effect of naringenin on protein expressions of MDA-MB-231 cell Integrin β3, β1 and matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9. The computer virtual docking technique was used to evaluate the combining capacity of naringenin and Integrin β3 in vitro.

RESULTNaringenin inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In wound healing and transwell experiments, with the increase in the concentration of naringenin, the number of migrant MDA-MB-231 cells and the invasion capacity of breast cancer cells decreased. Naringenin could inhibit the protein expression of Integrin β3 in a dose-dependent manner, but with unobvious effect on expression of Integrin β1. Besides, naringenin could significantly inhibit the protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The results of the computer virtual docking showed a negative value in the combining capacity between naringenin and Integrin β3, indicating the high affinity between them.

CONCLUSIONNaringenin can inhibit the growth capacity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and block the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Its mechanism is to down-regulate MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions after combining with Integrin β3.

Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Integrins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

Objective: To provide the DNA molecular marker for the identification of Pseudostellaria heterophylla from the different idioplasms by analysis of rDNA ITS sequences. Methods: PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing were carried out using specified primer, and the rDNA ITS base sequences were compared. Results: The ITS mutation extension was 623-624 pb among nine idioplasms of P. heterophylla. Thereinto, the ITS-1 was 224 pb and its G + C content was 52.91%-54.26%, the 5.8S rDNA was 155 bp and its G + C content was 54.49%-55.13%, the ITS-2 was 244-245 bp and its G + C content was 55.55%-56.41%. There were 17 mutation sites (2.72%) in the whole ITS sequences. There were 7, 7, and 3 mutation sites in ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S, respectively. The different idioplasms had a number of specific single nucleotide mutation sites. Their homologies with each other were upwards 99.9% and their sequence genetic distances were 0.003-0.013. These results showed that the mutation in species from different producing areas and idioplasms was within no more than one species. Conclusion: The mutation of ITS sequences could be used to authenticate P. heterophylla from different idioplasms.

To observe the effect of "Yixintang" on the protection of the myocardium against ischemia reperfusion injury. Thirty Wistar rats, with their hearts isolated, were randomly divided into three groups: Yixintang group 1 (YXT1, with 0 01g "Yixintang" in each ml K H fluid), Yixintang group 2 (YXT2, with 0 1g "Yixintang" in each ml K H fluid) and control group. Left ventricular systolic output pressure (LVSP), rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (?dp/dt max ), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), heart rate, the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in myocardial tissue were measured. The results showed that cardiac functions seemed to recover well after ischemia reperfusion injury in the group 2. The values of myocardial dynamics and hemodynamics indexes, including LVSP and ?dp/dt max , in the group 2 were obviously higher than those in the control group after ischemia reperfusion. The content of MDA in myocardial tissue was obviously lower in the group 2 than in the control group after ischemia and reperfusion. There was significant difference between Yixintang group 2 and control group ( P

When a series of omics technologies such as genomics, epigenomics and proteomics are proposed, the concept of metabolomics occurs. Metabolomics is a top-down system biology approach, which analyzes endogenous metabolites by using high throughput, high resolution and high sensitivity based on metabolic analysis platform. By identifying characteristic biomarkers and analyzing the biomarkers of metabolic pathway, it will provide a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, it is more and more widely used in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. In this paper, the application of metabolome analysis in respiratory disease of recent years has been briefly reviewed.

PURPOSE: this study was implemented to develop new nursing intervention, Kyongrak massage, and to examine its effect on chronic pain in elderly women. METHOD: Kyongrak massage is a manipulation massaging on Kyonghyul site, and Duboo, Kyongchoo, Chucksoo, Hajee, Sangjee Kyongrak massages were used in this study. The subjects(11persons) took Kyongrak massage on head, neck, spinal cord, upper extremities and back lower extremities for 25minutes daily during 5days. The dependent variables were subjective health state. pain, blood pressure, pulse and body temperature. This study was carried out, at 10-12 o'clock, from August 7th. to 22th, 2000. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. paired t-test by SPSS PC RESULTS: subjective health statet=-3.560, p=.005), body temperature(t=-2.557, p=.029) were increased, and pain level(t=7.884, p= 0.000), systolic blood pressure(t=2.923, p= .015) were decreased significantly by Kyongrak massage. CONCLUSIONS: The above results have informed us that this Kyongrak massage program(Duboo, Kyongchoo, Chucksoo, Hajee, Sangjee) for 25minutes is a useful nursing intervention to decrease chronic pain in each life styles.
Aged* ; Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Chronic Pain* ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Life Style ; Lower Extremity ; Massage* ; Neck ; Nursing ; Spinal Cord ; Upper Extremity

In the undergraduate teaching assessment,"eaching quality control" is the core content of their inspection.This paper explained the quality control of the content,analyzed the challenge of improving the teaching quality and put forward the idea of constructing the perfect teaching quality control system from five aspects such as raising awareness and unifying thinking,establishing a sound teaching system,strengthening the organizational functions and responsibilities,grasping the key points and implementing the whole process of the quality control.

Background Instability of tear film,increase of ocular surface temperature and tear evaporation are the associated factors of both bubbles and dry eye.But the relationship between dry eye and ocular surface bubbles is unclear.The bubbles are easily retained and checked in the inferior conjunctiva fornix.Objective This study aimed to study the relationship between dry eye and bubbles in the inferior conjunctiva fornix.Methods Sixty-four eyes of 32 patients with binocular irritative symptoms and bubbles or without bubbles in the inferior conjunctiva fornix were collected in Affiliated Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology from January to May,2012.The bubbles in the inferior conjunctiva fornix were examined by slit lamp microscope,and the break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) were performed.The differences of BUT and S Ⅰ t between the two groups were compared using independent sample t test,and abnormality rate of examination indexes was statistical analyzed by CHI-Square test using a SPSS 11.5 software.Written informed consent was obtained prior to the clinical survey.Results In the 64 eyes of the bubbles group,incidence of dry eye was 75.00％,and the incidence of both BUT＜5 seconds and S Ⅰ t＜5 mm/5 minutes was 46.88％ ;while the incidence of BUT＜5 seconds or S Ⅰ t＜5 mm/5 minutes was 53.13％ and 57.81％,respectively.In 64 eyes without bubbles,incidence of dry eye was 31.25％,the incidence of both BUT＜5 seconds and S Ⅰ t＜5 mm/5 minutes was 18.75％,that of BUT＜5 seconds or S Ⅰ t＜5 mm/5 minutes was 21.88％ and 20.31％,respectively.The incidences of dry eye,both BUT＜5 seconds and S Ⅰ t＜5 mm/5 minutes,BUT ＜5 seconds,S Ⅰ t＜5 mm/5 minutes were significantly higher in the bubbles group than those of the without bubbles group (all at P=0.00).In the 68 eyes determined as dry eyes,48 eyes (48/68) were in the bubbles group and 20eyes (20/68) were in the without bubbles group,showing a significant difference between the two groups (x2 =24.60,P＜0.01).The incidences of both BUT＜5 seconds,S Ⅰ t＜5 mm/5 minutes were not significantly different between the two groups (x2 =0.01,P=0.95;x2 =1.06,P=0.30).Conclusions The bubbles in the inferior conjunctiva fornix is highly correlated with dry eye.

Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; complications ; China ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Thromboembolism ; etiology

Animals ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Chickens ; Drosophila ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Mice ; Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Phosphorylation