Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Naphthalenes ; analysis ; Workplace

OBJECTIVE:To explore the approach for the improvement and extension of the function of pharmaceutical services in modern hospitals.METHODS:The development of our pharmacy department in recent years was analyzed,aimed at the actual demands of hospitals and patients and in view of the advantages of our department,the new entry point for the pharmaceutical services was explored.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:By improving the workflow of prescription dispensing,the time for patients to have their prescriptions filled can be greatly shortened and is left for pharmacists to collect drug-related information based on the demands of both patients and clinic and provide professional guidance so as to increase the weight of patients in the treatment course,which is in the interest of medication safety,patients and hospital.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the change of extracellular matrix (ECM) in diabetic rat lungs.MethodsUsing special staining,immunohistochemical method and imaging analysis,the changes of distribution,area,integral optial density and relative contents of lung ECM in diabetic rats were studied.ResultsThe distributions of elastic fibres,collagenic fibres and reticular fibres increased and roughened.The type Ⅳ collagen strong staining was localized in alveolar septum,the basement membranes of bronchiole and capillary,and distributed in cordal,plexiform.Laminin was strong stained and found in alveolar septum,epithelial cells of alveolar,and the basement membranes of bronchiole and pulmonary vessels in cordal and linear distribution.Image analysis showed the area,integral optical density and relative contents of elastic fibres,collagenic fibres,reticular fibres,type Ⅳ collagen and laminin were larger in diabetic rat lungs than in control groups.ConclusionThese results showed that the changes of ECM in early diabetic rat lungs were abnormal.

This study was aimed to observe the effect of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsule ( DJC ) on expression of solu-ble thrombomodulin ( sTM ) and soluble endothelial cell protein C receptor ( sEPCR ) in experimental rats of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study also explored possible mechanisms of Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue method on vascular endothelial tissue and discussed mechanisms of prevention and management of T2DM vascular lesions . A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley ( SD ) rats were fed for one week and then randomly divided into the nor-mal control group ( group N , n = 12 , rats were fed with routine food ) and diabetes mellitus group ( n = 48 , rats were fed with high-fat diet). After 4 weeks, rats in the diabetes mellitus group were injected with strepto-zotocin ( STZ ) to induce T2DM . According to the blood glucose level , rats were divided into three groups , wh ich were the model group (group M), pioglitazone (group P), and pioglitazone combined with DJC (group D). Group P was treated with pioglitazone (10 mg?kg-1?d-1), group D was given pioglitazone (10 mg?kg-1?d-1) and DJC ( 0 . 47 g?kg-1?d-1 ) . The group N and group M were treated with sodium chloride ( 5 mL?kg -1?d-1 ) . After four-week drug administration , the levels of sTM , sEPCR , PT , APTT and FIB in each group were tested . The results showed that compared with the control group , the levels of sTM , sEPCR and FIB in group M , group P and group D were significantly increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) , and the levels of PT and APTT were obviously reduced ( P < 0 . 05 ) . Compared with group P , the levels of sTM , sEPCR , FIB of group D were significantly reduced ( P< 0 . 01 ) , and the level of APTT was significantly increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . However , there was no significant dif-ference in the increasing of PT. It was concluded that the Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue method can reduce the levels of sTM and sEPCR , and effectively improve coagulation . The possible mechanisms of protective effect on the vascular endothelium can be from reducing levels of sTM and sEPCR in order to enhance the activity of anti-coagulation and fibrinolysis , regulate the function of blood coagulation to improve hypercoagulable state .

Objective To investigate the risk factors of postoperative complications of delayed hemorrhage,perforation and digestive tract stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).Methods The complete data of 793 patients with digestive tract disease who underwent the endoscopic submucosal dissection in the Department of Digestive Surgery in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All of the patients were divided into delayed hemorrhage group (n =67) and nonbleeding group (n =726);perforation group (n =47) and non-perforation group (n =746);and digestive tract stenosis group (n =38) and non-stenosis group (n =755).The clinical basic data,lesion related data,and operation related data were independent risk factor and analyzed by single factor analysis and Logistic multiple factor regression analysis.Results The incidence of delayed bleeding,perforation and stenosis in patients with ESD were 8.45％,5.93％,and 4.79％,respectively.The results of single factor analysis:the risk factors for delayed bleeding were long-term use of anticoagulant drugs,gastric sinus disease,lesion diameter,and lesion excision (P ＜ 0.05).The risk factors for postoperative perforation were the diameter of the lesion and the time of operation (P ＜ 0.05).The risk factors of digestive tract stenosis were the esophageal lesions,the diameter of the lesion,and the depth of the lesion to the intrinsic muscle layer (P ＜ 0.05).The results of multi factor Logistic regression analysis:the risk ranking of risk factors for delayed bleeding was gastric antrum occurrence lesion ＞ lesions graded resection ＞ long-term use of anticoagulants ＞ lesion diameter (≥5 mm).The risk ranking of risk factors for perforation was operation time (≥90 mm) ＞ lesion diameter (≥5 mm).The risk ranking of risk factors for digestive tract stenosis was esophageal lesion ＞ lesion diameter (≥ 5 mm) ＞ lesions depth to the muscularis propria.Conclusions For long-term anticoagulation,gastric antrum and fractional resection lesions of patients should pay attention to delayed bleeding.Patients with long operation time are easy to cause postoperative perforation.For long-term anticoagulation,gastric antrum and fractional resection lesions of patients should pay attention to delayed bleeding.

[Objective]To investigate the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by increasing stiffness of subchondral bone to simulate subchondral bone sclerosis to induce the osteoarthritis.[Methods]The proportion between polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA),methylmethacrylate(MMA),hydroxyapatite(HA) and distilled water was adjusted to keep the maximum reaction temperature under 40℃.The composite material PMMA/HA was obtained and compressed on a mechanical material machine to determine its ultimate strength and stiffness,which were compared with those of subchondral bone.The subchondral bone of medial tibial plateau was scraped,where the composite material PMMA /HA was implanted into.Rabbits were sacrificed at 3,6,9 and 12 weeks,respectively.The articular cartilages of the medial tibial plateau were harvested for histological observation.Immunohistochemical analysis was adopted to record the expression and distribution of collagen type Ⅱ and MMP-1 in cartilage at protein level,which were compared with the blank and control groups.Transmission electron microscope was used to examine the ultramicroscopic changes of chondrocytes in blank and 6,12-week-postsurgery groups.[Results]With the time going,the experimental groups gradually presented degeneration,and had increased histological Mankin score.TEM demonstrated degenerative changes of chondrocytes.Collagen type Ⅱ expressed mainly in transition zone and upper deep zone,and MMP-1 expressed predominantly in the superficial and upper intermediate layers of cartilage.Both expressions steadily increased with time passing.[Conclusion]The increased stiffness of subchondral bone induced osteoarthritis in rabbits,which suggests that subcondral bone sclerosis may induce cartilage damage,and that subcondral bone sclerosis is one of the initial pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

Objective To construct a cDNA library from human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell HNE 2.Methods The total RNA was separated from human NPC(nasopharyngeal carcinoma)cell HNE 2 and the mRNA was isolated from the total RNA by MagneSphere technique,then the first-strand cDNA was synthesized with oligo(dT) primer containing sfiI site while the double-strand cDNA was amplified through LD-PCR(Long-distance PCR) by SMART technique.The double-strand cDNA was digested by sfiI(IA &IB)restriction enzyme before cDNA size fractionation ,the double-strand cDNA fractionated was ligated into the ?TripIEx2 vector and then was packaged in vitro.Results The unamplified human NPC cell HNE 2 cDNA library consists of 0 78?10 6 independent clones,and the percentage of recombinant clones was more than 96%.The titer of the amplified cDNA library was 1 02?10 9 pfu/ml and the average insert of the recombinants was 1 2kb.Conclusions The quality of the constructed human NPC cell HNE 2 cDNA library is excellent and helpful to screen NPC specific-antigen.

AIM: The phagocytotic function and morphological changes of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM) of rat in high glucose or high glucose and high insulin conditions were studied. METHODS: AM were harvested from Wistar rats by bronchoalveolar lavage and were activated by Bacille Calmette - Guerin (BCG), interferon a - 2b (IFNa - 2b)or BCG and IFNa - 2b. The adherent rate, nitroblue retrazolium (NBT). reduction function and the concentrations of NO and TNF-a in culture rat AM were evaluated. The ultrastructure of AM was Observed by using transmission elects microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: In high glucose or high glucose glucose and high insulin conditions, the adherence of AM postponed(P＜ 0.01 ), NBT reduction of AM significantly decreased(P＜0.01); the volume of NO and TNF-a produced by AM after stimulation with BCG and IFNa-2b + BCG was significantly lower in high glucose groups than in the controls (P ＜ 0.01); their surface pseudopodia was reduced and shortened and the numbers of Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum decreased. CONCLUSIONS:The impaired phagocytotic function and ultrastructure of activated rat AM were much the same regardless of high glucose or high glucose and high insulin level in a short time. Diabetic subjects were predisposed to infection of the lung, which was frequently recurrent or even fatal.

Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To find out whether Shanghai residents have mastered the knowledge related to iodine deficiency disorders (IDD),and how they choose different kind of salt.Methods Residents were selected by stratified random sampling from all 18 districts(counties) of Shanghai in 2010.Simple random sampling was used at the first level; random function was used at the second level to produce the last 4 numbers of a phone number.People who own the number were selected to be called.Results Totally 219 people completed the investigation.49.3％ (108/219) of the residents only selected iodized salt,and 25.6％(56/219) choose non-iodized salt; 6.8％ (15/219) selected both,and 18.3％ (40/219) don't care.About the reason of choosing iodized salt,25.9％ (28/108) thought it can prevent IDD,6.5％ (7/108) thought it's good to children's intelligence.About the reason of choosing non-iodized salt,35.7％ (20/56) thought they were not iodine deficiency,17.9％ (10/56) thought Shanghai was not an IDD epidemic region.Among the 126 people who had heard of iodine deficiency disorders,7.1％ (9/126) believed that iodine deficiency disorders can lead to varying degrees of mental impairment,65.1％ (82/126) thought it can lead to endemic goiter; 45.2％(57/126) thought eating iodized salt and 33.3％ (42/126) thought eating kelp and laver can prevent IDD.58％(127/219) had no idea of IDD and/or its hazards.Conclusions The resident's knowledge on iodine deficiency disorders is not satisfactory.We should make more effort in health education and help people to choose salt reasonably.