Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi. Methods From October 2003 to December 2006, mPCNL was performed on 127 patients suffering from upper urinary tract calculi by using Karl Storz F8/9.8 rigid ureteroscope and homemade pneumatic ballistic lithotriptor. Results Of the 127 cases, mPCNL was completed in 125, and was converted to open surgery in 2. The rate of stone removal was 89.8% (114/127). The operation time was 78-185 min (mean 108 min). Nephrostomy tube was kept for a mean of 7 d (5-11 d). The mean hospital stay was 8.1 d (5-12 d). Two patients received blood transfusion during the operation. One patient developed massive hemorrhage at the nephrostomy opening, and was cured by high-selective renal artery embolization. Among the patients, 117 were followed up for 1-16 months (mean 5.3), during which no recurrent urinary tract stones was found by B-ultrasonography or X-ray. Conclusions By using mPCNL, patients with upper urinary tract calculi can be treated safely and effectively with a high rate of stone removal, less trauma, quick recovery, and short hospital stay.

Objective To supervise the colonoscopy following up in the high risk colorectal cancer patients are good to find out early stage cancer and adenoma in time and prevent the latter to evolve in to cancer. Methods From Aug. 1995 to Mar. 2000, 1 125 cases of high risk colorectal cancer have received the colonoscopy .Of them, 353 cases who have symptoms after having the physical examination in clinics; 125 cases have the colorectal cancer family history without any symptoms; 386 cases have had operated on the colorectal cancer; and 261 cases with the colorectal adenoma after high frequency electrotomy under endoscopy in one year. Results In 353 cases, 52 cases (14.7%) with adenoma and 17 cases (4.8%) with colorectal cancer are found, and 12 cases (70.5%)of the latter are of early stage cancer without any lymph node metastasis. Among the 125 cases there were 26 cases (21.6%) with adenoma, 4 cases (3.2%) with colorectal cancer and 2 cases (1.6%) with adenoma early stage cancer. Among the latter 6 cases, 5 cases are of the early stage cancer without any lymph node metastasis. Of the 386 cases , 81 cases (20.9%) of adenoma, 3 cases (0.7%) of the third primary cancer, and 11 cases (2.8%) of second primary cancer were found in which 11 cases (78.5%) are of the early stage cancer without any lymph node metastasis. In 261 cases there were 56 cases (21.4%) with adenoma, among them, 41 cases (73.2%) are the newly found adenoma with diameter 1cm in diameter were missed in the first colonoscopy.Conclusion A total of 1 125 cases with high risk colorectal cancer were examined by colonoscopy, it was found 37 cases (3.3%) with carcinoma, in which 28 cases (75.7%) with early cancer of no lymph node metastasis, and other 215 cases (19.1%) with adenoma.

Objective:To investigate the expressions of P27kipl (P27) protein and cyclin E protein in human renal cell carcinoma and in paracarcinoma kidney cortex tissue,and to explore the correlation of these protein expressions with biological behavior of tumors.Methods:P27 and cyclin E expressions were studied in formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded sections of renal cell carcinoma and in paracarcinoma kidney cortex tissue by means of a specific and sensitive immunohistochemical S-P assay.Results:The positive rates of P27 protein and cyclin E protein in renal cell carcinoma were significantly higher than those in paracarcinoma kidney cortex tissues ( P

Objective To probe into the application quality and performance test of PET/CT.Methods Radionuclide 18F was used to detect PET including its spatial resolution,sensitivity,scatter fraction,count losses and image quality.American Catphan-424,ionization chamber of Sweden Barracuda and radial measuring apparatus were used to perform CT test including CTDI,scan localization light accuracy,slice width,spatial resolution,density resolution,field uniformity and noise,CT value linearity and contrast scale,table movement accuracy.Results PET/CT was qualified as the whole,but part of parameters were beyond the limits.Conclusion The performance test can efficiently ensure the quality and safety of PET/CT system.

Objective To evaluate the effect of group reminiscence therapy on improving the depressive symptoms of the institutionalized elderly. Methods Collecting clinical randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials of group reminiscence therapy for improving depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly which published from 2000 to November 2016, by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMbase, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Database, Taiwan Academic Online Database and Airiti Library. And reviewing the quality of the studies by using the tools for assessing risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. Results Ten studies(2 randomized controlled trials and 8 quasi-experiments), including a total of 511 cases, were included. The results showed that group reminiscence therapy significantly improved the depression, life satisfaction, and self-esteem of institutionalized elderly (95%CI-1.11--0.56, 0.41-2.05, 1.99-3.82, all P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between group reminiscence therapy and usual nursing in relieving loneliness (P = 0.21). Conclusions Group reminiscence therapy can improve the depression in institutionalized elderly, decrease the degree of depression, improve the level of life satisfaction and self-esteem. But in the ease of loneliness has not been confirmed. The randomized controlled trials included in this study were rare and the quality of the literature was low, and large-scale randomized controlled trials of higher quality are needed to confirm this.

Objective To probe into the status and correlation between elder abuse tendency and psychological resilience of family caregivers of the elderly with chronic diseases. Methods Totally 402 family caregivers of the elderly with chronic diseases were investigated by the Chinese version of Caregiver Abuse Screening and Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale. Then the results underwent statistical analysis. Results Nearly 63.68%(256/402) family caregivers had the risk of elder abuse tendency. The median of family caregivers′resilience score was 53, lower than normal population(Z=-10.106, P=0.000), and was significantly negatively correlated with elder abuse tendency(r=-0.480, P=0.000).And caregivers′ high level of resilience was a protective factors for elder abuse tendency. Conclusions Nurses should motivate the family caregivers of the elderly with chronic diseases to adapt successfully when faced stress which could be associated with resilience. Thus the psychological resilience would play a role of protective effect against elder abuse tendency, with the purpose of reducing the risk for abusing the elderly who suffered from chronic diseases.

Objective To probe into the status quo of maltreatment tendency among family caregivers of elderly patients with chronic diseases and its influence factors.Methods Totally 402 family caregivers of the elderly patients with chronic diseases were selected and surveyed by using the Chinese version of caregiver elder abuse assessment scale and the results underwent statistical analysis.Results 63.70％ of family caregivers in elderly patients with chronic diseases had the elder abuse risk tendency and its influence factors were involved with both aspects of family caregivers and the care recipients,including the gender,cultural level and self-care ability of daily living in the elderly patients with chronic diseases and the age,cultural level,care period and living together with elderly in caregivers.Conclusion The elder abuse problem in the patients with chronic diseases should be paid more attention to,which needs the collaboration of multidisciplinary team,various effective ways should be adopted to relieve the family caregivers' pressure for reducing the occurrenc of elder abuse risk.

ObjectiveTo constructe the quality-evaluation index system of clinical teaching of operating room. MethodsThe quality-evaluation indicator system was constructed using literature study and Delphi. Then the Precedence Chart and Analytic Hierarchy Process was adopted to ensure the index's weight. ResultsThe scale was formed by 5 items of level 1 and 21 items of level 2 of the index system. ConclusionThe index system has high reliability,which can be confirmed from experts' authority degree, their attentive involvement and the concentrating degree of the views. The Quality-Evaluation Index System ( QEIS ) is constructed which can be used to evaluate clinical teaching of operating room.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of transitional care model on life quality of patients with Alzheimer's disease in China.Methods The literatures of randomized controlled trials (RCT) of transitional care of patients with Alzheimer's disease in mainland China published in Chinese or English were enrolled in this review.RevMan5.1 software was used to analyze the data.Results Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria.The scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE),health state survey questionnaire (SF-36) of the intervention group was higher than the control group,which had a significant difference.While no significant difference was found in the scores of activities of daily living (ADL) between the intervention group and the control group.Conclusions Transitional care can improve cognitive function and quality of life of patients with Alzheimer's disease in China.

Objective To explore the feelings of the caregivers of dementia patients,and find the resource of the caregiver's abuse tendency to dementia patients in community.Methods The data of 10 caregivers were collected through deep interviews,and the Colaizzi analysis method was used to analyze the data.Results Through repeatedly reading,arranging,analysis,separation,and theme refining,five themes were drawn:lack of related knowledge and care skills,care tasks making caregivers tired,the economic burden,lack of social support,low sense of worth.Conclusions When concerning the problems caused by dementia patients,it's necessary to appeal the society and government to provide feasible service and assistance on the issue of abuse tendency,which is produced by the caregivers during the process of taking care of them.