Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is anatomic theoretical foundation based on breast and upper limb lymph axillary lymph injected into different lymphatic populations, ARM can display upper limb lymphatic channels through different tracers during the periods of axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node dissection, to reduce the rate of postoperative upper extremity edem.Although ARM has a positive effect, it exists a controversy in safety and the relationship between its node and sentinel lymph node.

Based on the theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs),people have been searching for the treatments of malignant cancers.Gastric cancer side population cells (SP) have the characteristics of CSCs.Searching for the molecular targeted therapy strategy of gastric cancer which embarks from the gastric cancer SP and is based on the theory of CSCs provides a new direction for the treatment,early diagnosis,therapeutic effect and prognosis of gastric cancer.

The separation of digestive system cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the first step of the study of stem cell.At present,there are three methods of separation of the digestive system CSCs:cell phenotype sorting,side population cell sorting and serum-free culture.The separation of digestive system CSCs is based on these three methods or be improved to a higher proportion of CSCs.

Type-2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2 ) is a new member of the innate lymphoid cell family which has been recently discovered. These cell arise from lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow and,under the control of the transcriptional regulators and Gata3,producing IL-5,IL-9 and IL-13 is a sign of the matura-tion. These cells are critical components of the innate immune response to parasitic worm infections and have al-so been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. This paper summarizes the role of ILC2 in the pathogenesis of asthma and its therapy research progress.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, under certain conditions, can be induced to differentiate into neurons and glial cel s, which to some extent solves the problem of the source of seed cel s. Induction methods currently used are different, and their efficiencies are not the same.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of different antioxidants on differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neuron-like cel s in vitro.
METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s from Wistar rats were divided into four groups:non-intervention group,β-mercaptoethanol group, retinoic acid group,β-mercaptoethanol+retinoic acid group. Changes in cel morphology and positive rate of neuron-specific enolase and microtubule-associated protein 2 were observed and detected at 5 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, and 10 days after induction.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Except non-intervention group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in the other three groups were gradual y becoming spindle-shaped, and gave birth to many smal protrusions that were interconnected into a network, showing neuron-like cel morphology. Immunocytochemical staining showed that the efficiency of theβ-mercaptoethanol+retinoic acid group was the highest at 10 days after induction, and the positive rates of neuron-specific enolase and microtubule-associated protein 2 were 71.63%and 79.72%, respectively. The results show thatβ-mercaptoethanol can be combined with retinoic acid to accelerate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neuron-like cel s.

Side population cells (SPs) are selected by the efflux features of fluorescent dye Hoechst33342.SPs have the characteristics of cancer stem cells,and play an extremely important role in the occurrence and development of tumors.At present,the SPs in common types of malignant tumor have been studied extensively at home and abroad.The study of SPs may shed some light on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

At present, more and more studies show that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with cancer stem cell formation and tumor cell invasion, migration and metastasis.EMT not only enhances the capacity of cancer cell invasion and metastasis, but also makes the cell obtain self regeneration and other stem cell characteristics and promotes the production of cancer stem cells.As a result, the investigation of the relationship between EMT and common stem cells can be served as a new approach for searching for effective ways to control tumor invasion and metastasis.It also can provide new targets for the treatment of tumor.

Breast conserving surgery has become the first choice for the treatment of early breast cancer.However,the safety margin is still one of the important issues for surgeons in the implementation of breast conserving surgery.Because variety of clinical factors have some effects on the safety margin,at present,no consensus on safe margin of breast conserving surgery is reached,and the controversy still goes on.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)is difficult to benefit from endocrine therapy or tras-tuzumab targeted drug therapy.Biological overexpression of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1,p53 gene,vas-cular endothelial growth factor and microRNA suggests that TNBC is easy to metastasis and recurrence and has a poor prognosis.Exploring the molecular subtypes of TNBC,setting out the treatment plan for subtypes and finding the corresponding monoclonal antibody targets are the research direction of TNBC in the future.

Objective: To elucidate the relationship between Notch3 expression and chemosensitivity of human colon carcinoma cell line SW620 to topotecan. Methods: Notch3 siRNA was transfected into SW620 cells, and the expression of Notch3 in SW620 cells was examined by Western blotting. After transfected with Notch3 siRNA for different time peri-ods, SW620 cells were further treated with topotecan, and the proliferation of SW620 cells was detected by MTT assay; the apoptosis of SW620 cells was detected by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activation in SW620 cells was examined by caspase-3 activation kit. Results: Notch3 siRNA transfection remarkably inhibited Notch3 protein expression in SW620 cells. The IC_(50) of topotecan in Notch3 siRNA-transfected group was significantly decreased compared with that in the Ctrl siRNA group (P <0.05). Silence of Notch3 expression in SW620 cells by Notch3 siRNA remarkably promoted apoptosis (P < 0.05) and caspase-3 activation (P < 0.05) of SW620 cells induced by topotecan. Conclusion: Notch3 down-regulation by siRNA in SW620 cells can enhance the chemosensitivity cells to topotecan.