Objective To investigate the effect of general anesthesia of laryngeal mask airway in laparoscopic appendectomy;Methods 106 cases of laparoscopic appendectomy patients in the informed consent were randomly divided into LMA group and intubation group by odd and even numbers of hospital,53 cases per group,all patients were used of rapid induction of general anesthesia,oxygen 3 ～ 5min,laryngeal mask insertion laryngeal mask anesthesia,intubation group received tracheal intubation under general anesthesia,then compared of both groups in vital signs and complications; Results HR and MAP of intubation group 5min after intubation was statistically significant from during anesthesia and anesthesia stopped 5 min ( t = 7. 823,6. 849,15. 331,17. 636, all P ＜ 0. 05 ), MAP and HR of other point had no significant difference ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Regurgitation and aspiration, and complications such as nausea and vomiting had not been observed,emergence agitation in the LMA group was 5.7% ,cough was 9. 4% ,hoarseness was 1.9% all were significantly lower than the intubation group( x2 = 10. 415,7. 996,5. 410, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Laryngeal mask airway under general anesthesia with intubation in the laparoscopic appendectomy had the same anesthetic effect and it's impact on vital signs were small ,and it had a lower incidence of complications.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhalation of different concentrations of nitrous oxide on intracuff pressure (ICP) of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in patients during general anesthesia. Methods Forty-right ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 25-64 yr undergoing elective operations under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12 each): group C (100 %O2, group N2 (65 % O2 + 35%N2O), group N2 (50%O2 + 50 % N2O), and group N3 (35%O2 + 65%N2O). A suitable model of the LMA was selected according to height and weight. Anesthesia was induced with Ⅳ propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg, fentanyl 2-3 μg/kg, lidocaine 1-2 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.08-0.1 mg/kg and maintained with intravenous infusion of propofol and intermittent boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. After the successful placement of LMA, the air was injected into the cuff to make intracuff pressure (ICP) reach 40 cm H2O (baseline). The ICP were recorded at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min (T1-6) following inhalation of N2O. Results The ICP grandually increased with the increase in the concentration of N2O (P<0.05). The ICP decreased at T2-6 in group C, but increased at T2-6 in group N1 and at T1-6 in group N2,3 as compared with baseline(P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the ICP and inhalation time in group N1-3(r1-3=0.968,0.987,0.973 respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion The inhalation of N2O can increase the ICP in concentration- and time-dependent manners,

Previous research rcvealed that distortion is detected in transient voltage signal recorded with traditional patch clamp amplifier under current clamp mode, which is essentially resulted by electronic design of the headstage of the patch clamp. A new kind of headstage is designed to modify the defect, the circuit of which not only measures the transient potentials as the classical voltage follower does but also is quite suitable for the standard voltage-clamp mode. Furthermore, the technique of voltage-clamp-controlled current-clamp is applied for modifying the conventional patch-clamp amplifier, the variable low-pass filter is added into the circuit to reduce the response speed of voltage-clamp module, thus the transient potentials changes can be measured while membrane potential is kept at a constant value. Bridge balance circuitry is designed to eliminate the voltage drop while the variable current injected into the electrode. And fast capacitance compensation stage of conventional PCA is modified to nentralize the capacitance and accelerate system response speed for current-clamp mode. The experirnental results on cell model demonstrate that modified PCA meets the rcquirement of monitoring transient potential changes in electrophysiology research.

Objective To observe the bone mineral density(BMD)in type 2 diabetic women and discuss the methods for evaluation of BMD.Methods BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)at skeletal regions of supine and lateral spine,left femur neck and left hip in 484 type 2 diabetic women and 868 healthy women.The relation of BMD of healthy women in skeletal regions with age changes was found to fit a cubic regression model.Results The peak BMD of lateral spine and hip appeared at 25-34 and 35-44 years old respectively.BMD in diabetic women was not different from age-matched healthy women.The BMD values of the different age stages in diabetic women showed no difference(P>0.05)as compared with healthy women,and decreased with the age increase.The numbers of damaged bone sites were increased with the age increase.The BMD difference values between peak value and values of different age stages showed no difference between diabetic and healthy women groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The changes of BMD in type 2 diabetic women show no difference from age-matched healthy women.And in both diabetic and healthy women,BMD decreases with age increasing.

Objective To understand the situation of rebuilding sanitary latrine in the rural areas in Qingdao and to evaluate the effect of sanitary latrine improvement, explore the new measure of sanitary latrine improvement in the rural areas. Methods In 2005, the typical method of investigation was used to choose 365 farmers from 8 rebuilding sanitary latrine villages among three counties in Qingdao, and to conduct on-site survey and health questionnaires on the construction of household latrines and excreta treatment, sanitation and related knowledge. Hygienic evaluation was made in accordance with hygienic standard for rural household latrine. Results 100% of the houses had the household latrines, 80.0% were the sanitary latrines, dejecta treatment rate was 78.36%. Conclusion All evaluation indexes reach the high level, the effect of household latrine improvement in the investigated rural areas is satisfactory.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the root surface of periodontally involved teeth and healthy teeth,concerning the microstructure and the roughness.Methods:Eight freshly extracted teeth due to severe periodontitis and eight freshly extracted teeth due to orthodontic rea-sons or being third molar were chosen in this study.The root surface of each tooth was divided into four areas,and received four treatment methods:no treatment (control group );root planing with Gracey scaler for 30 seconds;irradiation by the lower power Er,Cr:YSGG laser;irradiation by the higher power Er,Cr:YSGG laser.Four periodontally involved teeth and four healthy teeth were used for the evaluation of microstructure using scanning electron microscope (SEM).The other four periodontitis teeth and four healthy teeth were used for the evaluation of roughness (Ra value )using 3 D profiler.Results:Smear layer was found on the teeth scaled by Gracey scaler,while the teeth irradiated by Er,Cr:YSGG laser demonstrated a melting surface with less smear layer.In the periodontitis teeth irradiated by the higher power,opening dentinal tubules could be observed.For the periodontally involved teeth,the Ra values of groups 1 to 4 were (237.4 ±20.0)nm,(1 35.7 ±1 1 .9)nm (P=0.01 ),(463.6 ±49.3)nm (P<0.001 )and (486.0 ±59.0)nm (P<0.001 )respectively.For the healthy teeth,the Ra values of groups 1 to 4 were (1 91 .4 ±44.5)nm,(1 31 .6 ±21 .5)nm (P=0.482),(463.7 ±34.6)nm (P<0.001 )and (470.3 ±1 21 .3)nm (P<0.001 )respectively.Conclusion:Er,Cr:YSGG laser can affect the microstructure of the cementum of the periodontitis teeth and healthy teeth.Irradiation by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser resulted in a melting surface with less smear layer and increased the roughness in the surface of root.

Dendritic cells (DCs) have different subtypes with distinct phenotypes and biological functions. Meloyiod dendritic cell subtype is one of the most important DCs subtypes. Recent studies have revealed that human monocytes were composed of CD14++CD16-and CD14+CD16+ subtypes,and mouse monocytes consisted of CD115+Ly6Chigh and CD115+Ly6Clow/-subtypes. Different monocyte subsets differentiate into different dendritic cells subsets with distinct phenotypes and induce different types of immune responses in vivo or in vitro. Under steady state,mouse CD115+Ly6Clow monocyte subtype is an important precursor of dendritic cells in peripheral organs and tissues,but in inflammatory response,CD115+Ly6Chigh monocyte subtype is the main precursor of dendritic cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. CD115+Ly6Chigh monocyte derived dendritic cells can directly present antigens that acquired in peripheral tissues after differentiating into dendritic cells,and transfer their MHC-Ⅰ/peptide complex to residential dendritic cells as well. The cooperation and interaction of dendritic cells from different sources enable the immune system to respond to different stimuli properly.

Objective To investigate the causes and prevetion of urethral stricture after transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP). Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 945 cases,who were treated by TURP in our hospital during February 2002-February 2008.Among the cases,21 patients(aged 62 to 84 years with a mean of 72.4 years) developed urethral stricture in 3 weeks to 24 months after the operation.In the cases,anterior urethral stricture was detected in 13 patients(61.9%),posterior urethral stricture was found in 5(23.8%),and bladder neck contracture was diagnosed in 3(14.3%).Results The pateints were cured by simple urethral dilation(13,61.9%),urethroplasty(2,9.5%),urethroplasty plus urethral dilation(2,9.5%),transurethral resection(1,4.8%),or electroresection of the bladder neck(3,14.3%).The patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months(mean,13 months),during which,all the 21 cases recovered without recurrence.The rate of urethral stricture after TURP was 3.7%(18/483) during February 2002 to August 2005,which was significantly higher than that between September 2005 and February 2008(0.6%,3/462;?2=10.292,P=0.001).Conclusions Unskilled operation and short indwelling time of urethral catheter after the surgery are the major reasons for urethral stricture after TURP.Regular follow-up and early treatment are the keys to cure of the disease.

Lipoma preferred partner (LPP) has been identified as a protein which is highly selective for smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs) and regulates differentiation and migration of SMPCs, but mechanisms of LPP expression are not elucidated clearly. The aim of the present study was to discuss the mechanisms by which LPP expression is regulated in the differentiation and migration of SMPCs induced by TGF-β1. It was found that TGF-β1 could significantly increase the expression of LPP, smooth muscle α-actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), and smoothelin in SMPCs. Moreover, inactivation of Rho kinase (ROK) with ROK inhibitors significantly inhibited LPP mRNA expression in TGF-β1-treated SMPCs and mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MAoSMCs). At the same time, LPP silencing with short interfering RNA significantly decreased SMPCs migration. In conclusion, LPP appears to be a ROK-dependant SMPCs differentiation marker that plays a role in regulating SMPCs migration.