Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is anatomic theoretical foundation based on breast and upper limb lymph axillary lymph injected into different lymphatic populations, ARM can display upper limb lymphatic channels through different tracers during the periods of axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node dissection, to reduce the rate of postoperative upper extremity edem.Although ARM has a positive effect, it exists a controversy in safety and the relationship between its node and sentinel lymph node.

Breast conserving surgery has become the first choice for the treatment of early breast cancer.However,the safety margin is still one of the important issues for surgeons in the implementation of breast conserving surgery.Because variety of clinical factors have some effects on the safety margin,at present,no consensus on safe margin of breast conserving surgery is reached,and the controversy still goes on.

Objective:To construct pEGFP-C1-Smad4 expression vector and to observe the influence of Smad4 over-expression on the proliferation of human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells and its relationship with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B). Methods:Recombinant expression vector pEGFP-C1-Smad4 was constructed and was used to transfect human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. EGFP expression in transfected cells was detected by fluoroscopy. Smad4 and NF-?B expression in transfectant was examined by Western blotting. Effect of Smad4 over-expression on activation of NF-?B and proliferation of transfected SGC7901 cells were examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and MTT assay,respectively. Results:Expression of EGFP in transfected SGC7901 cells was observed under fluorescence microscope. Smad4 was over-expressed in transfected SGC7901 cells,accompanied by down-regulation of NF-?B p65 expression in the tranfectants. EMSA and MTT demonstrated that Smad4 over-expression significantly inhibited the activation of NF-?B and the proliferation of SGC7901 cells (P

Objective To explore the regulatory function of over-expression of NOTCH-1 in TNF?-induced apoptosis of gastric carcinoma carcinoma BGC-823 cells.Methods BGC-823 cells were infected with retrovirus recombined with intracellular domain of NOTCH-1.The cell clones,into which objective genes had been transfected,were obtained after screening with G-418.Before and after incubation with TNF?,MTT assay,flow cytometry,Western blot and EMSA were used to detect cell growth,apoptosis,expressions of NOTCH-1,NF-?B and caspase-3 activity.Results There was stronger expression of NOTCH-1 and its target gene HES-1 in the cells transfected with NOTCH-1 gene than that of control.After TNF? treatment,the rates of killing and apoptosis in NOTCH-1-transfected cells were all lower than those in control cells.Moreover,we showed over-expression of NOTCH-1 suppressed caspase-3 activation induced by TNF?.However,TNF?-induced activation of NF-?B was not affected by over-expression of NOTCH-1.Conclusion Over-expression of NOTCH-1 significantly protects BGC-823 cells from apoptosis and growth suppression induced by TNF?.This effect is mediated,at least in part,through inhibition of caspase-3 activation independent of NF-?B.

Primary liver cancer is a high incidence and common malignant tumor in China. Portal vein tumor thrombus is one of the biologic marks of advanced liver cancer and difficult to be cured, and the prognosis is extremely poor. This paper systematically describes the formation mechanism, diagnosis,classification and prognosis of portal vein tumor thrombus. It would provide a theoretical basis for this clinical problem in order to reasonably understand and actively treat it.

Objective:To study adenovirus mediated transfer of TGF ?1 in treatment of mice autoimmune myocarditis. Methods: Experimental autoimmune myocarditis was induced in BALB/c mice using purified myosin from porcine heart. TGF ?1 was transferred into mice by intravenous injection of adenovirus encoding TGF ?1. Plasma level of myosin autoantibody was detected by indirect ELISA method and plasma level of troponin I was assayed using fluorescence immune assay method. The protective effects of TGF ?1 were evaluated from 3 aspects: (1) the degree of infiltrative inflammatory cells in the heart; (2) the plasma level of myosin autoantibody; (3) the plasma level of troponin I. Results: TGF ?1 successfully ameliorated the myocarditis. Plasma level of troponin I and myosin autoantibody decreased significantly( P

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is considered as a preleukemic course, characteristic of hypercellular marrow and pancytopenia. Many studies have demonstrated that defects occur in the heamtopoietic cells from patients with MDS. Recently, many abnormal changes in apoptosis, proliferation, ability of hematopoietic support, cytokine secretion, clonal origin of stromal cells and angiogenesis have also been revealed in the bone marrow microenvironment of MDS patients.

AIM: To study the effect of heat shock protein (HSP) on the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and observe the morphological changes of DCs dynamically. METHODS: The HSP (gp96)-peptide complex was purified from the tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatoma cells were treated by heat shock for preparation of the HSP expressed on cell surface and then marked with DiI fluorescence. Immature DCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cocultured with two types of HSPs. The morphological changes of DCs were observed dynamically and the effects of HSPs on the maturation of DCs analyzed by Flowcytometer. RESULTS: The morphological changes and the processes of antigen capture of DCs cocultured with DiI marked tumor cells were well showed. Four ways to capture antigens of DCs were observed, including direct contact, besieging, forming bubbles and extending pseudopodia with bubbles on the terminals. Results also indicated that both types of HSP could promote the maturation of DCs. CONCLUSION: DiI is a good fluorescent dye suitable for the morphological studies of DCs. Four ways for DCs to capture antigens were indicated in this paper. Different types of HSP, purifed from tumor tissues or expressed on tumor cells surface, promote DC maturation, and the purified HSP is more effective. [

Side population cells (SPs) are selected by the efflux features of fluorescent dye Hoechst33342.SPs have the characteristics of cancer stem cells,and play an extremely important role in the occurrence and development of tumors.At present,the SPs in common types of malignant tumor have been studied extensively at home and abroad.The study of SPs may shed some light on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Type-2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2 ) is a new member of the innate lymphoid cell family which has been recently discovered. These cell arise from lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow and,under the control of the transcriptional regulators and Gata3,producing IL-5,IL-9 and IL-13 is a sign of the matura-tion. These cells are critical components of the innate immune response to parasitic worm infections and have al-so been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. This paper summarizes the role of ILC2 in the pathogenesis of asthma and its therapy research progress.