The deficiencies of the 6th International Union Against Cancer (UICC)/American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were included as follows: ①There is a lack of hazard discrimination between some T categories; ②The maximum dimension of lymph node was not an independentprognosis in NPC; ③The subsets defi ned by T and N classifi cations that make up a given group typically have different prognosis. The introduction of new types of therapeutic interventions or new technologies may require modifi cations of the classif ication and staging systems. Compared to computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to in the detection of early involvement such as paranasopharyngeal space, oropharynx, and retropharyngeal lymphatic metastasis, and demonstrate deep primary tumor infi ltration such as skull base, intracranial erosion more easily, so MRI should be optional method in T stage of NPC. Positron emission tomography/ computerized tomography (PET/CT) is superior to MRI in the detection of cervical lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. With the development of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques revolutionized in NPC, staging systems should be modified. Research based on the data of 924 NPC patients revealed:①It appeared more prognostic value to modify 4 substages into 3 substages in T-category; ②N-category was more concise by deleting nodal greatest dimension palpation;③ It showed that nodal parameters including level, laterality and extranodal neoplastic spread (ENS) are independent prognostic factors for NPC. N-staging criteria with RTOG guidelines for lymph node levels was set up which adapted to the requirement of conformal radiation therapy. Incorporating ENS and retropharyngeal lymph nodes into the N-staging system for NPC increases the predictive power.

OBJECTIVE To find out the usage of the antibiotics in an infectious disease hospital and provide improvement method as well as instructional foundation for applying the antibiotics in a reasonable way. METHODS The antibiotic usage in 5507 cases recorded in medical histories during the period of the whole hospitalization from Jan to Dec 2007 was investigate. RESULTS The drug utilization rate was 20.81% in the hepatopathy department,67.65% in the general infection department,68.06% in the department of obstetrics gynecology(OG) and 53.10% in the the surgery department.The usage in OG and general infection departments was obviously higher than in the hepatopathy one. CONCLUSIONS The usage of the antibiotics is still not very reasonable,and more attention should be paid to normolizing it.

Humans ; Hydrofluoric Acid ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Protective Devices

Objective To study the effects of scutellarin on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in BV2 cells, so as to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of scutellarin. Methods The experiment was divided into 5 groups, namely, a normal control group, a model control group (stimulated by LPS), and three Scutellarin treatment groups (0.1, 1, and 100 μg/ml). NF-κB activity was examined by Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay. BV2 cells were treated with LPS; expressions of TNF-α and IL-β mRNA and protein were examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Results Scutellarin treatment greatly inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation in pNF-κB 293 cells. The treatment also noticeably inhibited LPS-induced expression of TNF-α and IL-β in BV-2 cells. Conclusion Scutellarin has anti-inflammatory effect, which maybe related to the inhibition of NF-κB-mediated pathway and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.

BACKGROUND:High liquid-absorbing property, high-capacity imbibition property and high antibacterial property of chitosan dressings can be promoted by chemical modification.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of high-absorbing chitosan dressings on hemostasis and wound healing.
METHODS: (1) Venule bleeding experiment: symmetry oozing wounds were produced on the rabbit skin, which were respectively covered by high-absorbing chitosan dressings and sterile gauze. Then, hemostatic time and bleeding volume were recorded. (2) Deep II degree burn wound healing experiment: 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to prepare deep II degree burn wounds on the back, and then model rats were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group with high-absorbing chitosan dressings and control group with vaseline gauze. After 3, 7, 14, 21 days, wound tissues were taken and analyzed histopathologicaly.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Venule bleeding experiment: The bleeding amount and hemostatic time were significantly lower in the high-absorbing chitosan dressing group than the sterile gauze group (P < 0.05,P < 0.01). (2) Deep II degree burn wound healing experiment: the unhealed wound areas were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group at days 7, 14, 21 after repair (P < 0.05). After 3 days of wound repair, necrosis of the squamous epithelial layer and the structural damage of the hair folicle in the corium layer and skin appendages were found in both two groups. Meanwhile, the infiltration caused by varying numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes inside the damaged skin tissues was visible. After 21 days of repair, the epithelium healed wel in the control group, with a little lymphocyte infiltration and formation of crust on the skin surface; while in the experimental group, the epithelium healed wel, with complete squamous epithelial layer and no inflammatory cel infiltration. Thus, these experimental findings reveal that the high-absorbing chitosan dressing has an excelent effect on hemostasis and wound healing.

Objective To investigate clinical features and anterior surgical results of cervical myelopathy in patients more than 70 years of age. Methods Twenty aged patients with cervical myelopathy who underwent anterior decompression with bone graft surgery were reviewed. Neurological function was assessed using a scoring system proposed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA score). The clinical results and complications were compared with the control group which included 31 patients with multisegmental cervical myelopathy and less than 69 years old and underwent the same operation. Results The preoperative mean JOA score was 9.3 (ranged from 3 to 14) and the JOA score at latest follow-up averaged 13.4 (ranged from 8 to 17) in the aged patient group. 68 percent patients had achieved an excellent or good result and the recovery rate was 58%. 71 percent patients had achieved an excellent or good result and the recovery rate was 67% in the control group. No statistical difference was found in the excellent and good result rate or the recovery rate of JOA score between the aged group and the control group (?字2=0.04, P=0.85;t=1.12, P=0.138). The incidence of surgical related complications in the aged group was 35% (7 cases), which was considerably higher than that in the control group (3 cases, 10%) but without statistical difference (?字2=3.47, P=0.06). In the preoperative flexion-extension stress lateral radiographs, the incidence of cervical instability was higher in the control group (8 cases, 26%) than that in the aged group(1 case, 5%). Conclusion 1) Multilevel lesion induced by overcompensation for cervical instability are the probable cause of myelopathy in aged patients. 2) Anterior decompression is beneficial to improve the neurological function and life style in the aged patients with cervical myelopathy, but associated with a high incidence of surgical complications.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of syncope symptom in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).Methods 457 patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism were recruited in the study.They were divided into two groups:the syncope group (44 patients) and the group without syncope (413 patients).The clinical manifestation,laboratory examination,physical examination,imagingof all patients were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression.Results (1) Single factor analysis,prevalence of syncope was 9.6％ (44/457) in these patients with PE.Those with syncope had some higher risk factors,including age over 60,coronary heart disease,hypertension,stroke and lower limb vein thrombosis history.The proportion of falling pressure chest painand centricity thrombus in syncope group were increasing compared with the groupwithout syncope.Pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) score was higher than groupwithout syncope.(2) Multivariate analysis showed that hypertension coronary heart disease and Centricity thrombus were the independent correlates of the presence of syncope in the patients with PE.Conclusions Patients who had histories of hypertension and coronary heart disease may have the higher risk factors of syncope.Blood pressure falling and central localization may be more likely to happen in PE patients with syncope.

Objective To investigate the effect of asphyxia on newborn's gastric myoelectrical activity by electrogastrography (EGG). Methods Twenty four asphyxia newborns (mild and severe type) and 15 normal newborns were enrolled. Electrogastric activity were recorded by a Portable EGG. The recording were performed 30 minutes before and after feeding respectively Results Compared with normal control,bradygastria (4 cpm) increased significantly ( P 0.01). Conclusions (1)By the help of EGG, we can get information about gastric myoelectrical activity in neonatal asphyxia.(2)Bradygastria is more prominent before feeding in mild asphyxia group; Slow wave is decreased in severe asphyxia group than that of control and mild asphyxia, but tachygastria increases significantly. This kind of abnormal electrogastric rhythm may contribute to feeding difficulty, abdominal distension and vomiting in asphyxia newborns.

Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an advanced technology to study the transcriptome information at the single cell level. The application of this technology can attribute to analyze the heterogeneous map of cells in the process of disease development, and precisely identify the specific cell subsets that are responsive to pharmacological therapy. Currently, scRNA-seq technology has been widely applied in the field of drug research, including studies on therapeutic targets, drug-induced adverse reactions, drug resistance and vaccine. This work reviews the application of scRNA-seq technology in drug discovery, which offers a scientific basis for personalized and accurate medication therapy.