Fibrosis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; MicroRNAs ; Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the rational use of narcotic drugs. METHODS:The utilization of narcotic drugs for inpatients in our hospital during 2012-2014 were collected from HIS,and analyzed statistically in respects of consumption amount,consumption sum,DDDs,B/A,DDC and consumption amount of the different departments,and so on. RESULTS:The quantity and consumption amount of Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets,Oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablets and Codeine phosphate tablet ranked the first 3 places during 2012-2014. Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets,Oxycodone hy-drochloride sustained-release tablets and Fentanyl transdermal patch(8.4 mg)steadily occupied the first 3 places in the list of con-sumption sum. In the list of DDDs,Fentanyl transdermal patch and Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets took up the first 3 places;Morphine hydrochloride injection,Bucinnazine hydrochloride injection and Meperidine hydrochloride injection occupied the last 3 places. B/A value of Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets and Fentanyl transdermal patch(8.4 mg) in 2012,Oxycodo-ne hydrochloride sustained-release tablets in 2014,Fentanyl transdermal patch(2.5 mg)in 2013 and 2014 were all equal to 1 and synchronized well. Others were all biased. DDC of narcotic drugs kept stable in 3 years,and DDC of Oxycodone hydrochloride sus-tained-release tablets took up the first place,followed by Fentanyl transdermal patch (8.4 mg). Narcotic drugs were consumed in 19 departments,but mainly in the department of oncology and general surgery. In the department of oncology,the consumption amount and sum of oral formulation were both significantly higher than other dosage forms,accounting for more than 88% and 52% respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The variety and dosage form of narcotic drugs could meet the clinical needs and its application is basically reasonable. Besides,the utilization of narcotic drugs in the department of oncology consistent with the basic principles of WHO three steps cancer analgesia treatments.

In the early 20th century,the term Nursing was introduced into China.In 1884,with the arrival of the first batch of missionary nurse,modern nursing initiated by Nightingale was introduced into China and greatly changed the way of care.The missionary nurses were full of enthusiasm for the spreading Gospel of Christ,the love for nursing care and the empathy for Chinese people;and encountered the lack of staff and material,the mis-understanding and resistance from the local people and other multiple tests.With the untiring effort of them and the trained local nurses,China had led the international care in nursing education and practice standard.Based on this,nursing in Shandong gradually rose and had an unprecedented development as a new medical subject.By clearing up and consulting Chinese and English historical materials,this paper reviewed the 60 years of the mission-ary nurses in China,saw the early development of nursing in our country from the budding and development of Shandong nursing and provided more insights for understanding and solving the complex problems contemporary Chinese nursing faces.

WHO has issued three editions of pathologic classification of bladder urothelial carcinoma in 1973,1999 and 2004.The 1973 version classification had been widely and the longest applied.However,WHO 2004 classification had been prevalent in past years.There were two issues in the applications of WHO 2004 classification.On one hand,there were some difficulties in quick grading in a given case.On the other hand,there were some misunderstandings in the conversion of different WHO classification.In this article,the changes of different pathologic classification of bladder urothelial carcinoma were reviewed and the outline of different pathologic classification was generalized.The criterion of all the systems was cell anaplasia.In WHO 1973 version classification,the definition of the various grades was vague.It was relatively precise in WHO 1999 classification.However,the grading of Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ in WHO 1999 classification still remained confusions.The major changes in WHO 2004 classification was that this system divided urothelial carcinoma into low-and high-grade,which may solve the heterogenesis of grade Ⅱ in the other two classifications.

Objective To investigate the role and action mechanism of chemokine (C-X-C motif)receptor 3 (CXCR3)in hepatic ische-mia-reperfusion injury (IRI).Methods Forty-eight mice were divided into operation group and sham-operation group.The operation group was treated to establish a mouse model of IRI.Liver tissues were obtained at 3,6,12,and 24 h after IRI,with 6 mice at each time point.The expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif)ligand 9-1 1 (CXCL9-1 1 )and their receptor CXCR3 were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot.The effect of CXCR3 was blocked by its specific antagonist C6.Hepatic injury was estimated based on the activity of hepatic transaminase and morphological indices.The distribution of subsets of infiltrating T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.All data were expressed as mean ±standard deviation.Comparison between groups was made by one-way analysis of variance.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the operation group had significantly upregulated expression of CXCL9-1 1 and CXCR3 at all time points after IRI (P<0.05).Blocking CXCR3 significantly protected liver function and morphology (P<0.05).Antagonist C6 significantly re-duced Th1 cell infiltration (P<0.01),but significantly increased Treg infiltration (P<0.01).Conclusion CXCR3 is an ideal therapeu-tic target in IRI treatment due to its relationship with immunoregulation.

The fibrosis can occur in many kinds of organs,and its sustained progress may lead to organ structural damage and functional decline,and even the organ failure,which threatens the human health and the life seriously.Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that can be generated in various tissues of the body and regulate a multitude of body functions via the combina-tion with four different kinds of G protein-coupled receptors.Re-cent studies have found that adenosine receptors play an impor-tant role in regeneration tissue and fibrosis process.To under-stand the processes may be helpful to the treatment of fibrosis diseases.This review makes a summary on latest research pro-gress of adenosine receptors in fibrosis diseases.

Aim To investigate the effects of silencing MALAT1 gene on cell proliferation inhibition and apop-tosis induced by Melittin in human hepatocellular car-cinoma HepG2 cells. Methods The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation treated with Melittin in HepG2 cells was examined by MTT assay. Apoptotic rate was detec-ted by flow cytometry. The MALAT1 expression level in HepG2 cells was measured by qPCR. Specific siR-NAs were utilized to silence MALAT1 expression. The rates of cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells treated with siRNA and Melittin were compared with those of Melittin alone. Results Melit-tin significantly suppressed the growth of HepG2 and induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with normal liver cell lines, MALAT1 was highly expressed in HepG2 cells ( P<0. 05 ) . The ex-pression of MALAT1 in HepG2 cells was inhibited by Melittin, and the inhibitory rate increased with the in-crease of concentration. The rates of cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells treated with siRNA and Melittin were significantly higher than those treated merely with Melittin. Conclusion Melittin can reduce the expression of MALAT1 and silencing MALAT1 can effectively promote proliferation inhibi-tion and apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by Melittin.

Objective:To explore the effects of quality control circle(QCC) on the complaint management and patient satisfaction in the medical insurance center.Methods:We set up QCC,defined the subject,identified the problems and made the cause analysis,made the countermeasures and implemented them.Results:Mter QCC ac-tivities,patients'major unsatisfactory factors such as long waiting time and poor staff coordination ability were signif-icantly improved.In addition,patient complaints decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:The application of QCC management on patient complaints can not only increase patient satisfaction,but also provide an importantway for the hospital to build up the brand.

Objective:To construct an integrated medical care service mode in hemodialysis and explore the application effect of the concept of integrated medical service in hemodialysis patients.Methods:In 2016,100 patients who had regular hemodialysis(lasting for more than 3 months) were selected from July to Septembe ras the control group,while another100 patients who had the regular hemo dialysis (lasting for more than 3 months) and received the concept of integrated medical care service were selected from October to December as the observation group.The treatment compliance,the incidence of hemodialysis complications,and patient satisfaction of twogroups were compared.Results:Both the treatment compliance and patient satisfaction of the participants in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),while the incidence of hemodialysis complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of integrated medical careservice concept can fully deepen the service concept of people-oriented and patient-centered,carry out humanized services,improve the treatment compliance of hemodialysis patients,reduce the complications,promote the cooperation of doctors and nurses,enhance the effect of health education,and improve the patient satisfaction.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of InVance bulbourethral sling for stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.Methods Six male patients with stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy were treated with perineal sling (InVance) from March 2005 to March 2011,and the clinical data were analyzed.Results The operation time was 80-120 min and intra-operative blood loss was 20-50 ml.The catheter was removed at the second day after surgery.In a follow-up of 12 to 29 months,4 patients were dry,1 patient was improved,and 1 patient suffered treatment failure.There were 2 patients transient acute urinary retention and 1 patient short-term perineal pain in the main post-operative complication.In six months after the operation,urodynamic examination showed (15.9 ± 7.7) ml/s at Qmax and 0-20 ml/s at postvoid residual.Conclusion InVance bulbourethral sling for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy appears to be safe,simple in the procedure and good effect to mild and middle incontinence.