Thirty-six aborted embryos ranging from 64 days to 8 months were collected and epiphysial cartilage of the finger and long bones of limbs were studied histologically. The results are as follows: 1.Degeneration of cartilage cells of different degrees were seen in the cartilaginous tissues examined. 2.Some of the cartilage cells necrosis were alone and others formed a mass of 3 to 5 or from 5 to 10 cells. 3.The elder the age of embryo was, the higher the rate of cell necrosis would be. 4.There were noncellular regions and giant cells in the normal cartilaginous tissue. The authors consider these changes are rather physiological in nature and would be a necessary process in the development of the cartilage.

Enzyme histochemistry of neurons in the enteric nerve plexus of guinea pigs were studied with light microscope semi-quantitatively and microphotometer quantitatively. The results showed that the neurons differ greatly in A1P (alkaline phosphatase), AcP (acid phosphatase), 5'-Nase (5'-Nucleotidase), TPPase (thiamine pyrophosphatase), NsE (non specific esterase) and ChAT (choline acetyltransferase). There were disparities to a certain extent in reactions of MAO (monoamine oxidase), AP (aminopeptidase) and AChE (acetylcholinesterase) among different segments of gastrointestinal between submucous and myenteric plexus, but all neurons were positive for the enzymes stated above. The neurons in each ganglion were relatively similar in the enzyme activities. There were about 50-66% neurons in the enteric nerve plexus showing strong reaction of ChAT, which may be cholinergic neurons. There were significant differences in enzymatic activities, except NsE, between submucous plexus and myenteric plexus statistically. Submucous plexus showed stronger reactions of AcP and AP than those of myenteric plexus, while myenteric plexus showed stronger reactions of A1P, 5'-Nase, TPPase, MAO, ChAT than those of submucous plexus. The ganglia of intramural plexus in stomach were not well developed as those of intestine, especially the submucous plexus of stomach, in which there were only few scattered neurons, and they showed weaker enzyme activities than those of intestine. The enteric neurons in duodenum and proximal colon showed strongest activities for most enzymes among different segments of intestine. The above results indicate that the enteric neurons exist remarkable differences in metabolism and functional states.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shuxuetong injection on anticoagulation of nephrotic syndrome.Methods 42 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups:Shuxuetong group and control group.The Shuxuetong group were injected Shuxuetong injection while the control group were injected low molecular dextran and Danshen injection.Hemorheology and clotting index were detected before and after treatment.Results Hemorheology and clotting index of the two groups were improved.Hemorheology and clotting index of the Shuxuetong group were improved better than that of the control group.Conclusions The results suggested that the Shuxuetong injection was a safe and effective anticoagulation drug for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and influence factors of ultrasound guided thrombin injection(UGTI) for the treatment of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms(PA). Methods Fifteen iatrogenic PA patients following femoral arterial puncture for coronary arterial angiography and PCI were treated with UGTI. One coronary arterial angiography and 14 PCI were performed in 5 males and 10 females. Nine simple PA with one lobe and 6 complex PA with two or three lobes. PA form,size,neck length and width,thrombin dose, therapic effect and complications were analysed. Duplex sonographic follow-up examination was performed at 24 hours and 5-7 days. Results Mean volume of PA was (13?5)cm 3. Twenty-one thrombin injections were performed. Mean thrombin dose was (250?120) IU in simple and (650?150) IU in complex PA. Primary success rate was 100% for 9 simple and 66.7 % for 4 of 6 complex PA. Recurrence occurred in one complex PA after 24 hours of UGTI and another complex PA reappear was detected after 15 days of UGTI, PA were completely obliterated after 3 times thrombin injections. Secondary success rate was 100%. No thromboembolic,infectious,allergic complications occurred. Conclusions UGTI is safe and effective as first-line therapy of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms following femoral arterial puncture for PCI. Geometry form of PA is determinant factor of primary success rate.

Objective:To study the characters of perioral muscle p re ssure of the adult patients with skeletal crossbite. Methods:20 patients were diagnosed to be with skeletal crossbite. The perioral muscle press ures on upper and lower central incisors, first molars and cuspids were measured buccally and lingually at rest position. 10 health adults were served as the co ntrols. Results:The perioral force in skeletal crossbite group was larger than that in the control group on the correspondence area(P0.05). In the skeletal cross bite group, the perioral force on the mandibular area was larger than that on th e correspondence maxillary area(P0.05). The muscle pressure on the labial side was larger than that on t he lingual correspondence side in both groups(P

This study was performed to assess the accuracy of pulsed Doppler echocardiographic(PDE) diagnosis of ventricular septal defect(VSD). 119 children with congenital heart disease, aged 9 months to 17 years, admitted to our hospital for cardiac surgery, were studied. These children had VSD(56), ASD(18), PDA(43), PS(1) and Cortriatrium(1). A specific PDE diagnosis of VSD can be made by following the turbulent VSD jet(TVJ) through the septum, and a PDE diagnosis of VSD was made in 53 out of 56 patients(95%) proven by catheterization and operation. There were two false positive PDE diagnosis of VSD by PDE, were proven to be perimembranous VSD at operation, and 3 children who were classified into subarterial infundibular VSD by PDE, were proven to be perimembranous VSD at operation. PDE seems to be a very useful tool in preoperative evaluation of VSD.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Child ; Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Thoracic Surgery

Objective To discuss the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic modified ventrifixation for women with uterine prolapse.Methods Thirty-seven women with Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree uterine prolapse were undergent laparoscopic modified ventrifixation in the the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao and Anzhen Hospital of Beijing from January 2008 to June 2012.The midpart of a noabsorble PROLENE soft mesh was sutured to the anterior cervical fascia.Two back ends of the mesh were passed through extraperitoneal channels through ligamentum latum uteri and sutured to the abdorminal wall to fix uterus.The effect and complications were observed.Results The objective and subjective success rate were 100％ and 91.9％ respcetively at 6 months after operation.All patients were followed up for 6 to 48 months.Prolapse recurrence rate was 10.8％ (4/37).Conclusion Laparoscopic modified ventrifixation is effective,safe and mini-invasive in the treatment of uterine prolapse.The surgery may be a satisfactory procedure for women with uterine prolapse hoping for uterine preservation.

Objective To summarize and analyze the emergency management for acute renal failure of solitary kidney induced by upper urinary calculi. Methods A total of 78 cases of acute renal failure of solitary kidney induced by upper urinary calculi were included.The mean course was 2.8 days (range,1 to 8 days).The time from onset to emergency management was within 72 hours in 68 out of the 78 cases.10 cases were treated with percutaneous nephrostomy drainage (PCN) under the guidance of B-ultrasound;25 cases with emergent open surgery;12 cases with indwelling ureteral stent retrogradely;and 31 cases were treated with transurethral ureteroscopy ballast lithotrity. Results One died of bleeding and infection after operation.In 65 cases treated with in 72 hours after obstruction, the serum Cr level decreased from 202～885 ?mol/L to 58～130 ?mol/L;the serum BUN level decreased from 9.8～42.4 mmol/L to 2.8～7.0 mmol/L after urgent treatment during a period of 3 to 12 days,and the renal functions recovered. Conclusions The principles of management for this acute condition should be diagnosing early and promptly,releasing obstruction as soon as possible,preventing complications effectively and reserving renal functions.KUB and B-ultrasonography are the first choice of diagnostic measures.Transurethral ureteroscopy ballast lithotrity can be recommended as the first choice of emergent treatment.

Objective: To prepare a simple, practical fiberoptic bronchoscope (FB) training simulator, and to evaluate its training efficacy. Methods: A box apparatus was designed for basic and advanced FB training; the box consisted of five boards with holes in it. The holes were aligned according to the entries of bronchus to pass the FB. Assistant materials could be placed in the box to simulate foreign bodies due to diseases, which was aimed to help the training of sophisticated skills including tracheal tube intubation, biopsy, brushing and bronchoalveolar lavage. To testify the training efficacy, forty volunteer residents who had never manipulated a FB were randomly assigned into two groups: one group was trained using the prepared training box (Group TB, n = 20) and the other group was trained using video-based technique (Group C, n = 20). The trainees of the two groups received an intubation examination using an advanced patient simulator, and the periods of intubation was compared between the two groups. Results: Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope could smoothly pass through the holes in the box; the photos of the holes under bronchoscopy well simulated the normal images. All residents completed the training and examination. The mean duration of intubation was (55. 7 ± 10. 2) s in Group TB and (69. 3 ± 8. 9) s in Group C (P<0. 001). Conclusion: The present training box is simple and practical, and it can be used for advanced training of FB, with obvious training efficacy.

Objective: To screen for an optimized siRNA sequence targeting rat Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in vitro. Methods: The full length gene of rat TLR4 was cloned and inserted into pEGFP-C1 plasmid to construct pEGFP-rTLR4. Three pairs of siRNAs targeting rTLR4 were chemically synthesized and were co-transfected with pEGFP-rTLR4 into HEK-293 cells via Lipofectamine2000. Cells were also co-transfected with siRNA targeting EGFP and negative control siRNA. The expression of EGFP was observed under inverted fluorescene microscope and flow cytometry. Results: Compared with the negative control group, 3 pairs of siRNAs targeting TLR4 and one pair of siRNA targeting EGFP significantly suppressed the EGFP expression (P<0.05); the inhibitory effect of siRNA2 (gene sequence: 5′-GTC TCA GAT ATC TAG ATC T-3′, 19 bp, 1 352-1 370) was the strongest one, with an interference efficiency over 75%. Conclusion: We have successfully obtained the siRNA sequence targeting TLR4 mRNA, which can efficiently suppress the expression of rat TLR4 mRNA in vitro.