Interferon regulatory factors(IRF)are key factors in interferon induction. IRF4, a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, is expressed in cells of the immune system where it transducers signals from various receptors to activate or repress gene expression. IRF4 expression is a key regulator for the development T helper cell subsets and B lymphocyte differentiation. A series of recent studies have further demonstrated critical functions for IRF4. This review focuses on the recent advances on roles of IRF4, including infection, autoimmune disease and immune malignancy. A better understanding of IRF4 will hopefully provide new biomark and potentially guide the design of novel therapeutic approaches.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression.The miRNAs regulate gene expression by controlling the translation of a specific type of messenger RNA.miRNAs are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression,and miRNAs have been recently identified as key regulatory RNAs with immense significance in numerous biological processes.They actively participate in the modulation of important cell physiological processes and are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.MiRNAs have been implicated to have a fundamental role in acute and chronic asthma and in airway remodeling by the regulation of multiple signal transduction pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.A better understanding of the role that miRNAs play in the diseases could lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.This review highlights the current understanding of the role and regulation of miRNA in asthma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of nadroparin in the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and its action mechanism.

METHODThe MTT test was adopted to observe the effect of different concentrations of naringenin on the growth capacity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Wound healing and transwell experiment analysis were conducted to detect the effect of naringenin on the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Western blotting was adopted to investigate the effect of naringenin on protein expressions of MDA-MB-231 cell Integrin β3, β1 and matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9. The computer virtual docking technique was used to evaluate the combining capacity of naringenin and Integrin β3 in vitro.

RESULTNaringenin inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In wound healing and transwell experiments, with the increase in the concentration of naringenin, the number of migrant MDA-MB-231 cells and the invasion capacity of breast cancer cells decreased. Naringenin could inhibit the protein expression of Integrin β3 in a dose-dependent manner, but with unobvious effect on expression of Integrin β1. Besides, naringenin could significantly inhibit the protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The results of the computer virtual docking showed a negative value in the combining capacity between naringenin and Integrin β3, indicating the high affinity between them.

CONCLUSIONNaringenin can inhibit the growth capacity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and block the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Its mechanism is to down-regulate MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions after combining with Integrin β3.

Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Integrins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

The ever increasing use of the Single-use medical devices(SUD) in clinic has brought safety and convenience to people, while the management of SUD waste also put pressure on the environment. Reprocess and reuse of SUD has become the issue of social concerns. This paper will describe the management manner of FDA for reprocess and reuse of SUD, and then give some suggestion on China's management combining the national conditions of our country.

Objective: To observe the role of nutritional support in treatment of chylous leakage after thyroid carcinoma operation.Methods: The parenteral nutrition combined with somatostatin and re-operation was used in treatment of 2 cases of chylous leakage after thyroid carcinoma operation.Fluid volume from neck drainage catheter and plasma albumin concentration were determined in 2 cases.Results: Fluid volume from neck drainage catheter rapidly reduced in 2 cases after using somatostatin and parenteral nutrition.1case was cured after conservative treatment.1 case was cured after re-operation combined with nutrition support.Conclusion: By using nutrition support,fluid volume from neck drainage catheter can be obviously reduced and serum albumin or nutritional state improved in chylous leakage patients after thyroid carcinoma operation.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the rational use of anti-tumor immune enhancement drugs in our hospital. Meth-ods:The annual use data of anti-tumor immune enhancement drugs in our hospital in 2015 were collected, and then statistically ana-lyzed and evaluated combing with the medical history information. Results: There were 12 varieties and 19 specifications of adjuvant anti-tumor immune enhancement drugs in our hospital, which accounted for 15. 87% of the total sum. Totally 25 481 patients used ad-juvant anti-tumor immune enhancement drugs, which occupied 29. 84% of the total medicine afford. The adjuvant anti-tumor immune enhancement drugs showed lots of irrational use in clinics, and the main irrationity was overuse and off-label use. Conclusion: It is necessary to strengthen prescription evaluation for anti-tumor immune enhancement drugs, which needs controlled and rational use.

Recently,considerable progress has been made in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),especially in the clinical use of new immunosuppressive agents,which leads to improved remission rate and life quality.However,plasmapheresis still shows to be necessary in severe lupus with serious complications.With the development of plasmapheresis technology,the efficiency and specificity of antibody adsorption being improved significantly,it played an important role in the treatment of acute stage life-threaten lupus.Here we intend to make a review on the relative improvement of plasmapheresis technology and its clinical use.

MAPKKK (MEKK1 or ASK1)/MAPKK (SEK1 or MKK7)/JNK signal cascade is an important pathway which mediates apoptosis. MAPK phosphotase can deactivate JNK by dephosphorylation of JNK.The interaction between JNK and c-Jun can also be negatively regulated by NO through S-nitrosylation. SGK1 or Akt can result in deactivation of SEK1 through its phosphorylation at the Ser78 site.The c-FLIPL can block this cascade through binding with MKK7.GST Mu1-1 interferes and suppresses MEKK1-mediated apoptosis. GST Pi 1-1 and TRX have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ASK1 through forming protein complex. The deactivation of JNK can enhance drug resistance of tumor cells and counteract the injury from a wide variety of stimulus. Here,how these proteins induce deactivation of the pathway and mediate anti-apoptosis has been discussed.

The data from clinical studies have shown that conventional dual chamber pacing results in high percentages of right ventricular apical pacing,which causes electromechanical desynchronization and has been linked to an increased risk of heart failure and atrial fibrillation.Nowadays,we can use some special algorithms to minimize ventricular pacing,promote atrioventricular conduction and improve hemodynamics in patients with pacemakers.This review summarizes the genesis,some algorithms and clinical studies about minimizing ventricular pacing.