There are also many unanswered questions on the duodenogastroesophageal reflux(DGER),though it has been studied for more than 100 years.Based on the references and our studies,we reviewed the bile' injury on esophageal mucosal epithelial cells,the diagnosis and treatment of bile reflux into esophagus.The relationships of the biles with Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma were elucidated especially.

Objective To explore the role of leptin,COX-2 and p27 in bile-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.Methods SD rats were divided into 4 groups: DGR(duodenogastric reflux) group,DGR+BDL(ligation of bile duct) group,BDL group and control group.The pathological changes of gastric mucosa and tight junction were observed,DIXON scores were warked out after 3 months.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of leptin,COX-2 and p27 in gastric mucosa with different lesions. Results The DIXON scores in DGR and DGR+BDL group were higher than those in BDL group and control group(P

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of nabumetone on the damaged esophageal mucosa in the model of reflux esophagitis, and the effect of expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), cyclin D_ 1 (CD_ 1 ) on the progress of reflux esophagitis. Methods A total of 100 SD rats were divided into three groups in random: group Y: operation + saline as positive controls(46); group R: operation + nabumetone(46); and group C: normal control(8). The lesions of esophageal mucosa were observed in the 5th, 17th, 28th , 40th week in groups Y and R and 40th week in group C, respectively. The change of COX-2, PCNA, and CD_ 1 by immunoperoxidase staining in the progress of reflux esophagitis(RE) and the effect of nabumetone were evaluated. Results The lesions of esophageal mucosa at different time and the incidence of Barrett's esophagus(BE) in group R were lower than those in group Y (P

Head irradiation with 10 Gy X-rays was given to adrenalectomized male rats in the present study to observe the changes of serum LH, FSH and testosterone (TS) levels and testcular cAMP content. The results showed that the function of pituitary-gonad axis decreased in the adrenalectomized male rats. The levels of serum LH and FSH were lower, (P0.05). The changes might be related to the interaction of both hypothalamic CRF and GnRH neurons. Both the serum TS level (P

0.05). Serum PRL (P

Objective: To study the clinical value of home monitoring system of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-deifbrillators (ICD) in relevant patients.
Methods: A total of 33 patients with home monitoring system of pacemaker implantation or ICD treated in our hospital from 2011-02 to 2014-07 were retrospectively recruited. There were 28 patients with dual chamber pacemaker, 4 with ICD and 1 with cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (CRTP). The patients included 23 male and 10 female at the age of (68.4 ± 9.2) years. The rate of successful data transmission, threshold changes and arrhythmia occurrence were analyzed.
Results: Up to 2014-10, a total 24516 messages were successfully transmitted with the success rate of 97.4%, the rate of no-message transmission was 2.6%. The home monitoring system fund 89 abnormal events including 73 disease related events (82.0%) and 16 system related events (18.0%).
Conclusion: Home monitoring system was a safe, reliable and effective monitoring equipment for cardiovascular implantable electronic devices; according to transmitted message, the parameters of devices could be adjusted in time for treating arrhythmia in relevant patients.

Objective To analyse the treatment,clinical features and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis combined with thyroid cancer.Methods Retrospectively analysed 40 cases with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis combined with thyroid cancer,admitted to the Department of General Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from November 2002 to April 2011.All the 40 patients were female.Results Ultrasound diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was made in 2 patients.Eleven patients underwent CT examination,and 2 patients were found with thyroid adenoma,1 patient found with thyroid cancer and lymph node metastasis,3 patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.Forty patients underwent surgical treatment,pathological results of 39 patients showed chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis with thyroid papillary carcinoma,1 patient was medullary thyroid carcinoma combined with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.Forty patients were administrated levothyroxine tablets.Thirty-six patients were followed up,4 patients were lost,1 relapsed,the others were in stable condition.Conclusions Preoperative diagnosis is difficult for chronic lymphocytic thyoiditis combined with thyroid cancer,which needs through the thyroid antibody tests,imaging examinations and intraoperative,postoperative pathologic examination and other means of comprehensive application.The method of definitive diagnosis for CLT combined with TC is intraoperative,postoperative pathologic diagnosis.The main pathological type is papillary thyroid carcinoma,which small papillary carcinoma occupies a large proportion.Surgery is the main treatment for CLT combined with TC.

With the expanding of ultrasonic applications, the development of ultrasonic surgical equipment has become a focus in related fields. Ultrasonic horn system is an important component of surgical equipment,and the horn resonance properties directly affect the technical performance of ultrasonic surgical equipment. In this paper, a number of tuning and matching methods appeared in recent years are discussed, and the advantages and problems are analyzed. On the basis, foreground of the research is prospected.

Objective:To analyze and compare pharmacology cognizing between five-year and three-year systems students in medicine to provide materials for teaching innovation.Method:To gather feedbacks from the students and to analyze and induce the cases by EXCEL software.Results:The effectiveness of medicament is the focus.But five-year and three-year systems students concern different problems.57.1% questions raised by three-year system students are about the effectiveness and the effective factors of medicament,while 53.2% by five-year system students are about the effectiveness and the mechanism of medicament.Conclusion: There have been certain differences of pharmacology cognizing between five-year and three-year systems students.

SO2 is one of the main pollutants in the air. Tradational disposal methods are limited in the industrial application owing to their high cost. Some foreign scholars began to research in microbial treatment of SO2 both in laboratory test and in full-scale test in recent years and good results were achieved. This method can significantly lowering costs and acquire sulfur product and microbial biomass protein of high quality. The microbial method which is simple, effect and of low costs can satisfy needs of industry and give attention to environmental, economical and social benefits, therefore, it will have amplitude and well application prospects.