Aims: Endophytes are known to impart tolerance to crop plants; hence the study was initiated to evaluate some plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria isolated from rice and maize for salt tolerance in rice. Methodology and results: A total of 31 endophytic bacteria were screened for growth promoting characteristics on the basis of phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, Indole acetic acid biosynthesis, production of ammonium, protease and cellulase. Only 2 Bacillus species and Pantoea agglomerans were positive for all growth characteristics and subsequently inoculated with rice seeds under controlled as well as in saline condition (NaCl) in order to evaluate the plant growth promoting (PGP) ability on the basis of germination rate and seedling vigor. The seedling grown under control condition, significantly alter the growth parameters such as germination rate, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight along with seedling vigor index. Under saline condition, the genus Bacillus and Pantoea invariably counteracted the effect of stress; however, P. agglomerans showed significant differences for shoot length, fresh and dry weight. Analysis of correlation coefficient exhibited positive and strong association of seedling vigor index with dry weight and rate of germination, thereby revealing the interdependency of the traits under stress. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The study confirmed a mutualistic interaction of P. agglomerans with the host plant rice and leads to enhanced growth of the host under salt stress condition.
Endophytes ; Bacillus

Objective To analyze the clinical features of acute leukemia(AL) with positive mixed lineage leukemia(MLL)fusion gene in children,and explore their treatment protocols,prognosis factors,and so on.Methods Clinical features,treatment protocols,and prognosis factors were studied retrospectively among 51 AL patients with MLL fusion gene.MLL fusion gene was detected by morphology immunology,cytogenetics,molecul arbiology and reverse transcrption polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Fifty-one AL patients with MLL fusion gene positive,included 37 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and 14 cases of acute myelocytic leukemia(AML).Forty-two patients exhibited abnormal clonal chromosome 11.MLL fusion gene rearrangements and MLL fusion gene partial tandem duplication were found among 36 cases and 15 cases,respectively.Thirty-two cases who received regular chemotherapy were followed up.Twenty-four cases including 19 cases of ALL and 5 cases of AML had achieved complete remission(CR).Six cases including 5 cases of ALL and 1 cases of AML had achieved more than 2 years CR.Sixteen cases were alive update including 12 cases of ALL and 4 cases of AML.Ten cases of positive MLL fusion gene were turning negative.Up to now,6 cases relapsed and 6 cases were dead.Conclusions The incidence of AL children with positive MLL fusion gene is low.It has some features,such as,high replapse rate and poor prognosis.A few patients sensitive to chemotherapies can achieve CR.They live with constant negative MLL fusion gene.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane pretreatment on the expression of tight junction protein Occludin and ZO-1 in the lung following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Ninty-six adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 24 each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S);group Ⅱ I/R; group Ⅲ sevoflurane (group Sevo) and group Ⅳ Sevo + I/R. The animals were anesthetized, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. Right femoral vein and left carotid artery were cannulated for BP monitoring, blood sampling and drug and fluid administration. Lung I/R was induced by clamping left pulmonary hilum for 45 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ. In group Ⅲ the animals inhaled 2.2 % sevoflurane for 30 min. In group Ⅳ the animals inhaled 2.2 % sevoflurane for 30 min before lung ischemia. Six animals were killed at the end of 45 min ischemia (T1), and 60 and 120 min of reperfusion (T2, T3 ). The lungs were immediately removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio and the expression of Occludin and ZO-1 protein (by Western blot). Tissues of lung were obtained for observation of histopathology with light microscope. Lung permeability index (LPI) was calculated. Another 6 animals were killed at 120 min of reperfusion for lung lavage. Results I/R significantly increased W/D ratio and LPI and significantly reduced Occludin and ZO-1 protein expression in the lung tissue as compared with group C and Sev. Sevoflurane pretreatment significantly attenuated the I/R-induced changes. The pathological damage to the lung tissue was significantly less in group SP than in I/R. Conclusion Sevoflurane pretreatment may protect the lungs from I/R injury by up-regulating the expression of Occludin and ZO-1.

The successful suppression of clutter arising from stationary or slowly moving tissue is one of the key issues in medical ultrasound color blood imaging. Remaining clutter may cause bias in the mean blood frequency estimation and results in a potentially misleading description of blood-flow. In this paper, based on the principle of general wall-filter, the design process of three classes of filters, infinitely impulse response with projection initialization (Prj-IIR), polynomials regression (Pol-Reg), and eigen-based filters are previewed and analyzed. The performance of the filters was assessed by calculating the bias and variance of a mean blood velocity using a standard autocorrelation estimator. Simulation results show that the performance of Pol-Reg filter is similar to Prj-IIR filters. Both of them can offer accurate estimation of mean blood flow speed under steady clutter conditions, and the clutter rejection ability can be enhanced by increasing the ensemble size of Doppler vector. Eigen-based filters can effectively remove the non-stationary clutter component, and further improve the estimation accuracy for low speed blood flow signals. There is also no significant increase in computation complexity for eigen-based filters when the ensemble size is less than 10.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Color ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Ultrasonography

Objective:To establish a method to determine the entrapment efficiency of loratadine binary ethosomes. Methods:The gel microcolumn centrifugation method was employed to separate the free drug from loratadine binary ethosomes. The content of lorata-dine was determined by HPLC to calculate the entrapment efficiency. Results: A calibration linear curve of loratadine concentration was within the range of 10. 2-102. 0 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 5). The average entrapment efficiencies of three batches of loratadine binary ethosomes were 86. 75%, 87. 26% and 86. 00%, respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple and rapid, and can be used to de-termine the entrapment efficiency of loratadine binary ethosomes accurately.

Objective To investigate the changes in iNOS expression in brain injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats weighing 240-280 g were randomly divided into 2 groups: sham operation group (group S,n = 8) and group IB( n = 24).The hepatic IR was induced by clamping the hepatic artery and portal vein according te the method described by LONG et al.In group IR the rats were killed at 3,6 and 24 h of reperfusion after 40 min hepatic ischemia (8 rats at each time point).The rats in group S were also killed.The brains were removed for determination of NO content (by nitrate reductase assay),SOD activity (by xanthine oxidase method),MDA content(by colorimetric method),nitrotyrosine (NT) expression (by Western blot),and iNOS mRNA expression (by RT-PCR).Results Compared with group S,cerebral NO and MDA content were significantly increased at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion,expression of cerebral NT and iNOS mRNA up-regulated and SOD activity decreased at 6 h of reperfusion in group IR (P < 0.05 or 0.01).Cerebral NO and MDA content were significantly higher and SOD activity lower at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion than at 3 h of reperfusion in group IR (P < 0.05).Conclusion The expression of iNOS in brain tissues is up-regulated after hepatic IR and it produces a great amount of NO inducing brain injury through peroxynitrite (ONOO-).

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the most comonly used method facing cardiac arrest.The 2010 CPR guidelines emphasized high quality chest compressions and recommended continuous compression for 2 minutes after defibrillation to minimize interruptions in compressions.However,starting chest compressions immediately after a defibrillation shock may be harmful,if the heart is providing spontaneous beats and being subjected to external compressions at the same time.So it is very important to recognize ROSC during CPR,the methods of which include touching the pulse,amplitude spectral area,partial pressure end-tidal carbon dioxide,coronary perfusion pressure,central venous oxygen saturation,chest compression fraction,regional cerebral oxygen saturation,photoplethysmography,conjunctival oxygen tension,transthoracic-impedance plethysmography and echocardiography.This paper gives a review of the ROSC prognosis and recognition methods during CPR.

Objective To observe the efficacy of prophylactic use of gramsetron(Gra) combined with dexamethasone(DEX) on preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) after umbilical one-trocar laparoscopic appendectomy(UOTLA)in children.Methods Sixty children requring UOTLA under general anesthesia were allocated randomly into 3 groups,and each of group included 20 children.Group saline(C),group Gra 40 ?g/kg,group Gra 40 mg/kg and group DEX 0.2 mg/kg(Gra+DEX) were respectively injected intravenously after appendectomy performed outside the abdominal cavity during the operation.Results The incidence of PONV decreased significantly in group Gra and group Gra+DEX than that in group C(Pa

·AIM: To investigate the effect of the dipeptide Arg-Glnon retinal neovascularization of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) animalmodel.·METHODS.- Forty-eight 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 750mL/L oxygen for 5 days and then to normal situation to produce the murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). All mice received twice daily intra- peritoneal injections of PBS or the dipeptide Arg-Gln(1.0, 3.0, 5.0g/kg per day), starting on postnatal day 12 and continuing till postnatal day 17. Experimental groups (36 mice, 12 in each group) received Arg-Gln, while the control group (12 mice) received PBS. All mice were executed at postnatal day 17. The changes of retinal vessels of mice were observed by ADPase histochemical technique and HE staining was used to count preretinal neovascular nuclei. RNA was isolated from retinas of 28 mice (7 in each group) selected at random and VEGF mRNA level of each group was measured by real-time RT-PCR.·RESULTS; Neovascularization reduced in retinas of the dipeptide Arg-Gln treated group in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with control group, experimental group had diminished non-perfusion area and neovascular tufts in retinal flatmount. The number of the endo-theliocyte nuclei of new vessels extending from retina to vitreous was significantly less in the eyes of the experimental group than in control group. Arg-Gln at 5g/kg per day reduced preretinal neovascularization by about 75% (P＜ 0.01). There was a significant reduction in VEGF mRNA at the 17th day in Arg-Gln treated group compared with control group(P＜0.01).·CONCLUSION; Arg-Gln dramatically inhibits retinal angiogenesis in OIR and this effect is associated with a reduction in retinal VEGF mRNA level. It appears to be a safe way to prevent and treat some neovascular retinal diseases including retinopathy of prematurity.