Dry eye is one of the most frequently ocular surface diseases. Recent researches found that many reasons caused decrease of ocular surface damage and the quality of tears , such as the change of ocular surface, immuno-inflammatory responses, apoptosis and the reduction of sex hormone. It is reported that the decline of ovarian function and hormone level in postmenopausal women which leads to abnormal structure and function of tear film is more likely to develop dry eye. In this paper, the ocular surface, pathogenesis and progresses of treatment on postmenopausal women with dry eye are reviewed.

OBJECTIVE To study the resistant characteristics and the resistant mechanisms of Gram-negative bacilli(G-) to ?-lactam antibiotics in the local nosocomial infections.METHODS The effects of efflux pump inhibitor on MICs were determined.Phenotypes and isoelectric points of ?-lactamases(Bla) were determined.Bla Genes were amplified and sequenced.RESULTS Of all tested isolates,the resistant rates to the most antibiotics were high.Besides 10.5% isolates with the efflux pumps,all tested isolates produced Bla,among which extended spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs),cephalosporin ?-lactamase(AmpC Bla) and metallo-?-lactamase were responsible for 42.1%,17.5% and 7.0% isolates,respectively.The complete nucleotide sequences of the ampC genes in 8 Enterobacter cloacae isolates had very high homology with the ampC gene in E.cloacae ECLC074.CONCLUSIONS The production of Bla is the main resistant mechanism of G-to ?-lactam antibiotics.ESBLs are the most frequent Bla.All of the ampC genes of AmpC Bla-producing E.cloacae originate from the ampC gene in E.cloacae ECLC074.Imipenen is the best choice for the treatment of the infections caused by multidrug resistant G-.Piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam can be used to treat the infections caused by drug-resistant non-fermentative bacilli.Amikacin is effective to treat the infections caused by AmpC Bla-producing E.cloacae.

Objective To study the incidences of falls in patients with Parkinson's disease and analyze the related factors.Methods The clinic data of 100 Parkinson's patients were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the fall incidence and the related factors.Results The fall incidence was 46.0%during hospitalization in the patients with Parkinson's disease.The single factor analysis showed that the falls incidence were higher in male patients,dizziness from drug factors,a history of falls and non-presence of their families during hospitalization than those in the non-fall group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that male patients,dizziness from drug factors,a history of falls and non-presence of their families during hospitalization were risk factors for Parkinson's patients during hospitalization.(all P<0.05). Conclusions The high risk factors for the falls in Parkinson's patients include male patients,dizziness from drug factors,a history of falls and non-presence of their families during hospitalization.Therefore,the assessment of the risk factors for falls should be done so as to carry out fall factors control and fall risks classification management for the purpose of reducing falls.

Objective To investigate the effect of different sedation depth of anesthesia the BIS settings (BISis 45 and 55) to perioperative hemodynamic. Methods Thirty-two patients were randomly divided into two groups. Through closed-loop target controlled infusion technology, depth of sedation anesthesia in A:the BIS=45, and in B: the BIS=55.12 time points(i.e. before operation, tracheal intubation instant, operation beginning, 20, 40,60,80,100 and 120 minutes after operation beginning, operation accomplishment point, tracheal catheter pulling out point, before patient′s carried out of operation room)perioperativenoninvasivemean arterial blood pressureandheart rate wererecorded. Results Themean arterial blood pressurebetween the two groups at time point T2,T11 was significantly different. Within group B,compared with T1, there wassignificantdifferenceat T2,T11. Heart ratein group B at T5and T10increasedsignificantly compared with A.Within group B,heart rate at T5,T6 increased significantly compared with that at T1. Conclusion Compared with BIS 55, the sedation anesthesia depth of BIS 45 can better keep stable of blood pressureandheart rate.

China ; Haplopappus ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Sesquiterpenes

The characterization and management of oral and maxillofacial spaces infections in diabetic patients were studied in order to determine the pattern of this clinical condition and formulate a management plan.There were 31 cases with average age of 61 years(s=9);the mean hospitalization time was 14 days(s=6);the average fasting blood glucose level on admission was 10.4 mmol/L.Of the 31 patients 20 were multiple-space infections and 11 were single-space infections.13 patients had major complications during admission.Odontogenic infection was the most common cause of the space infections.Streptococcus viridians and staphylococcus aureus were common organisms(5/19,4/19)identified through pus and/or blood cultures.Early surgical incision and drainage,perfect blood glucose control,intravenous antimicrobial therapy,preventing asphyxia and managing major complications are necessary and effective approaches for the management plan.

Objective Published literatures on the relationship between IL-13 gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of children to bronchial asthma in China were comprehensively analyzed with the use of Meta-analysis to evaluate this relationship.Methods The data were collected from the Medline database,Ovid database,the Cochrane library,and Chinese Biomedical database,and the references of eligible studies were manually screened.Published data related to case-control studies reporting the link between IL-13 polymorphisms and asthma in Chinese children were retrieved through those database.Meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether the IL-13 gene polymorphisms were associated with asthma.Results Eighteen studies were finally accepted for analysis.There were three studies focusing on C-1 112T polymorphism,and six studies focusing on C + 1923T polymorphism,and fourteen studies focusing on G + 2044A polymorphism.There was no evidence to confirm that the genotypes in position IL-13-1112 C/T were associated with asthma in Chinese children [odds ratio(OR) =1.00,95％ CI 0.82-1.22,P =0.98].The OR of asthma for TT/CC genotypes was 1.15 (95 ％ CI 0.57-2.33,P =0.69) and for CT/CC was 1.01 (95 ％ CI 0.82-1.25,P =0.89).There was significant evidence to confirm that the genotypes in position + 1923 C/T were associated with asthma in Chinese children(OR =1.86,95％ CI 1.29-2.67,P =0.000 9).The OR of asthma for TT/CC genotypes was 2.12 (95 ％ CI 1.27-3.56,P =0.004) and for TC/CC was 1.67 (95％ CI 1.18-2.35,P =0.003).There was no correlation between IL-13 + 2044G/A polymorphism and the susceptibility (OR =1.33,95％ CI 0.94-1.88,P =0.11).The OR of asthma for AA/GG genotypes was 1.30 (95 ％ CI 0.76-2.20,P =0.34) and for AG/GG was 1.24(95％ CI 0.90-1.70,P =0.19).Conclusions IL-13 gene + 1923 TT and TC genotypes should be associated with susceptibility of asthma in Chinese children,and the T allele could increase the risk of asthma.No clear relationship was found between the genotype TT/TC at the IL-13-1112 site and the incidence of asthma of children in China,and so was the genotype AA/AG at the IL-13 +2044 site and the incidence.

Objective To investigate the relationship between vascular cognitive impairment(VCI) and the angiotensinogen(AGT) gene ( G-6A and M235T) polymorphism. Methods Randomnized controled study was ap- plied in the study. AGT gene G-6A and M235T genotypes of 67 cases with VCI and 71 normal controls were deter- mined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results For the location of M235T, the frequencies of T allele(0.73 I and TT genotype ( 0.52 ) were observed in VCI compared with control group ( 0.68,0.45, P > 0.05 ). The odds ratio associated with TT/MM genotype was 0.544 ( 95% CI 0.208～1. 424 ,P > 0.05 ). For the location of G-6A ,the fre- quencies of A allele(0.69) and AA genotype (0.48) were observed in VCI compared with control subjects (0.63, 0.39,P > 0.05). The odds ratio associated with AA/GG genotype was 0.602 ( 95% CI 0.252～1. 738, P > 0.05 ). There was no difference in allele distribution between 67 VCI patients and the controls. Conclusion There is no correlation between vascular cognitive impairment and AGT gene polymorphisms of M235T and G-6A. AGT gene pol- ymorphism is not included in the risk factors for development vascular cognitive impairment.

Acetamides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; poisoning ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Troponin I ; blood

Objective To investigate the role of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ in severe Mycoplasma pneumonia among children.Methods One hundred and forty children with M.pneumoniae pneumonia (65 severe and 75 non-severe) who were hospitalized were enrolled along with forty other children as controls.X-ray was assessed.The proportions of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+FoxP3+cells were determined by flow cytometry.Results Both severe and non-severe children had decreased CD4+CD25+FoxP3+cells as compared with control subjects in acute phase (0.87 ± 0.66％ vs.3.88 ± 2.00％,P ＜ 0.01 and 1.17 ± 0.70％ vs.3.88 ±2.00％,P ＜0.01,respectively).The levels of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+cells in severe children were lower than those in non-severe children in acute phase and recovery phase (0.87 ±0.66％ vs.1.17 ±0.70％,P ＜0.05 and 1.66 ±0.85％ vs.3.61 ± 1.45％,P＜0.01,respectively).Both severe children and non-severe children expressed higher CD4+CD25+FoxP3+cells in recovery phase than in acute phase (1.66 ± 0.85 ％ vs.0.87 ± 0.66％,P ＜0.01 and 3.61 ± 1.45％ vs.1.17 ±0.70％,P ＜0.01,respectively).Conclusion The expression of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tregs may play a role in the onset of severity of mycoplasma pneumonia and the low express of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tregs in children infected with M.pneumonia may increase the susceptibility to severe mycoplasma pneumonia.