ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the role of PAR2 in the visceral sensitivity of IBS patients by observing the expression of rectal PAR2 in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and the effect of exogenous PAR2 on visceral sensitivity.Methods Based on Rome III criteria,16 patients with constipation predominant IBS (IBS-C),18 patients with diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D ),and 1 8 controls were selected from our hospital inpatient and outpatient departments. All the patients received colonoscopic examination and rectal mucosa biopsies. The expression of rectal mucosa PAR2 was observed by immunohistochemistry and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.We studied the abdominal reactions by administering the PAR2 agonist in the rectal mucosa of rats to explore whether PAR2 is involved in visceral sensitivity.Results The results of PAR2 immunohistochemistry showed that PAR2 was mainly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells,especially in the villi;in addition,endothelial cells were also found positive.While the integral optical density (IA)of PAR2 expression did not significantly differ between IBS-D or IBS-C patients and controls according to the IPP image analysis.The PAR2 mRNA level in IBS-D or IBS-C patients was not significantly different from that of the control group by Real-time PCR analysis.There was no significant difference between the IBS-D and IBS-C groups.The EMG activity significantly increased in a volume-dependent manner during the rectal balloon expansion in the PAR2 agonist group.However,there was little EMG activity when the balloon was not dilated.The area under the curve in the PAR2 agonist group with 0 mL,0.4 mL and 0.6 mL of distension volume did not differ compared with that of the vehicle group.When the balloon volume increased to 0.8 mL,1.0 mL and 1.2 mL,the EMG activity was statistically significant (P<0.01)in the PAR2 agonist group compared with the control group.Conclusion PAR2 is highly expressed in the rectal mucosa of IBS patients.Administration of exogenous PAR2 agonist increases visceral sensitivity,suggesting that PAR2 is involved in visceral sensitivity.

Objective:To compare of the effects of laparoscopic and open radical hysterectomy on the serum Interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-10 (IL-10),tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels of Patients with Cervical Cancer.Methods:64 patients of cervical cancer who were treated from March 2014 to September 2016 in our hospital were selected as research objects.The patients were randomly divided into the abdominal cavity group and open group.The operative time,blood loss,postoperative ventilation time and the levels of IL-4,IL-10,TNF-a and IFN-γin serum before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:The intraoperative blood loss and postoperative ventilation time were significantly lower or shorter in the abdominal cavity group than in the open group (P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time between the two groups (P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the levels of serum IL-4,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ between the two groups before operation(P＞0.05);The serum IL-4 level was significantly lower than that of the open group during the operation (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the other three index between the other three groups and the laparotomy group (P＞0.05).The serum levels of IL-4,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ in the abdominal cavity group were significantly lower than those of the laparotomy group on the 1 st and 7th day after operation(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Laparoscopic radical mastectomy in cervical intraoperative less blood loss and more secure.The effect of IL-4,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γin the postoperative patients was more obvious.Conducive to the recovery of patients after surgery.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients of acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure by analyzing the prognostic factors of these patients.Methods This was a single-center prospective study of 349 patients with acute heart failure and ECG documented acute ST elevated myocardial infarction.All patients were treated with primary PCI.After PCI,clinical,angiographic and ECG characteristics,and prognosis of those with preserved (≥50％) or reduced (＜ 50％) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were assessed.Heart failure patients were divided into two groups:124 with reduced EF (HFREF) and 225 with preserved EF (HFPEF).After 367 days of average follow-up,the primary outcome and number of death were recorded.Results Of them,4 (1.8％) patients in the HFPEF group vs.6 (4.8％) in the HFREF group died.The difference in rate of death between two groups was not significant (P =0.314).There were significant difference in main adverse cardiac and cerebra vascular events (MACCE) occurred during follow-up period between the two groups (P =0.022).The Killip Classification of heart failure (HR =1.092,95％ CI 1.040 ～ 1.149,P ＜0.01) was significantly related to the death rate during follow-up.Conclusions The independent factors affecting prognosis in patients with acute heart failure after coronary revascularization were closely consistent with the stratums of the Killip Classification.Patients with HFPEF had a similar prognosis as those with HFREF after primary stenting.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection on prevention splenectomy surgery of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods 132 patients who would received splenectomy were selected as an object of study from June 2011 to June 2013. They were divided into the treatment group and the control group by randomizing. The two groups were surgery treated with the same methods and other postoperative. The treatment group received intravenous drip of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection after 6 hours once daily for 10 consecutive days. The control group received subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin like the time of the treatment group. Results There was a difference in the incidence of DVT between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion It is effective that Salvia Miltiorrhiza injection in preventing deep vein thrombosis after splenectomy.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of gut protease activity on visceral hypersensitivity in rats with acute restraint stress.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats were given 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg camostat mesilate (CM), a protease inhibitor, or saline intragastrically 30 min before acute restraint stress induced by wrapping the fore shoulders, upper forelimbs and thoracic trunk for 2 h. Visceral perception of the rats was quantified as the visceral motor response with an electromyography, and the rectal mucosa and feces protease activity and spinal c-fos expression were measured.

RESULTSCM dose-dependently reduced visceral sensitization elicited by rectal distension, but these doses did not completely inhibit stress-induced visceral sensitization. In normal rats, c-fos expression was found mainly in the superal spinal cord dorsal horn, and after the administration the CM, c-fos-positive cells decreased significantly in all dose groups (P<0.05). In 30 mg/kg CM group, fecal and rectal mucosal protease activity significantly decreased as compared with that in the stress group (P<0.05), and as CM dose increased to 100 and 300 mg/kg, the protease activity decreased even further (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe gut protease is involved in acute stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity, and CM can lower the visceral sensitivity and spinal c-fos expression in rats.

Animals ; Gabexate ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Protease Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Restraint, Physical ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Stress, Physiological

Background:TIPE2 is a newly identified negative regulator of innate and adaptive immunity that maintains immune homeostasis and immune tolerance. It has been demonstrated that TIPE2 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and organs in humans. Aims:To investigate the expression of TIPE2 in peripheral blood and colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis(UC)and non-UC subjects,and to explore the role of TIPE2 in the initiation and development of UC. Methods:Forty-two peripheral blood samples and 30 colonic mucosa samples from patients with active UC were collected during Jan. 2015 to Aug. 2016 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University. Peripheral blood and colonic mucosa samples from non-UC subjects were served as controls. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of TIPE2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and colonic mucosal tissues, respectively. Results:Expression level of TIPE2 mRNA in peripheral blood of UC patients had a trend to increase but no significant difference was found between UC patients and the controls(P >0.05). When classified by Truelove-Witts severity index,there was no significant difference among patients with severe,moderate and mild UC(P >0. 05). Expression level of TIPE2 protein was significantly higher in colonic mucosa of UC patients than that of the controls(P<0.05);the expression level increased with increase of histological grade of UC,but the difference was not statistically significant(P > 0.05). Conclusions:Increased colonic expression of TIPE2 might contribute to the initiation and development of UC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of high glucose on the expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and proinflammatory cytokine production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in hepatic stellate cells in vitro.

METHODSHepatic stellate cell line T6 was cultured in vitro and stimulated by high glucose. The mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. After a 24-h pretreatment with high or low glucose, the cells were stimulated with LPS for 2 h, and Western blotting was used to detect the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB); at 24 h of LPS exposure, the cells were examined for MCP-1 and IL-6 mRNA and protein expression levels with RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively.

RESULTSHigh glucose significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4 (P<0.01) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. High glucose promoted NF-κB nuclear translocation and significantly enhanced the expression and secretion of both MCP-1 and IL-6 (P<0.01). Pretreatment with high glucose significantly promoted LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation (P<0.01) and the mRNA expression and secretion of MCP-1 and IL-6.

CONCLUSIONSHigh glucose can increase TLR4 mRNA and protein expressions in hepatic stellate cells and promote LPS-induced NF-κB activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; metabolism ; Hyperglycemia ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic assisted removal of greater omentum free transplantation combined with skin grafting for the repair of large area refractory wounds.Methods:From June 2013 to June 2018, 18 cases of lower extremity skin and soft tissue defects with multiple bone, joint, tendon and internal plants exposure were admitted to Hanzhong Central Hospital, including 12 males and 6 females, aged from 15 to 50 years old, with an average age of 32.6 years old. The area of skin and soft tissue defect: 30 cm×12 cm-53 cm×21 cm. The operation was divided into two stages. In the first stage, the greater omentum was acquired with the assist of laparoscope and free transplanted to cover the wound. After the greater omentum free transplantation was confirmed to survive, the split-thickness skin graft was applied for wound repair.Postoperative survival of the greater omentum and skin grafting, complications, appearance and function of lower limbs were observed and followed up.Results:The 18 operations were performed successfully, the area of omentum resection was 25 cm×10 cm-35 cm×15 cm, all the greater omentums survived after operation without complications such as intestinal adhesion, volvulus and peritonitis. The area of the skin grafting was 36 cm×8 cm-45 cm×22 cm. 16 cases skin grafting survived completely, 2 cases skin grafting were necrosis just local small area, and scar healed after dressing change. Postoperative follow-up of 6-12 months showed good appearance and function of lower limbs and satisfactory results.Conclusions:For the large area soft tissue defect wound of lower extremity, complicated with multiple deep tissues such as bone, joint and internal materials exposed, the greater omentum free transplantation under laparoscope combined with medium thick skin graft second stage has the advantages of good appearance and function after wound healing, less donor injury and fewer postoperative complications.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic assisted removal of greater omentum free transplantation combined with skin grafting for the repair of large area refractory wounds.Methods:From June 2013 to June 2018, 18 cases of lower extremity skin and soft tissue defects with multiple bone, joint, tendon and internal plants exposure were admitted to Hanzhong Central Hospital, including 12 males and 6 females, aged from 15 to 50 years old, with an average age of 32.6 years old. The area of skin and soft tissue defect: 30 cm×12 cm-53 cm×21 cm. The operation was divided into two stages. In the first stage, the greater omentum was acquired with the assist of laparoscope and free transplanted to cover the wound. After the greater omentum free transplantation was confirmed to survive, the split-thickness skin graft was applied for wound repair.Postoperative survival of the greater omentum and skin grafting, complications, appearance and function of lower limbs were observed and followed up.Results:The 18 operations were performed successfully, the area of omentum resection was 25 cm×10 cm-35 cm×15 cm, all the greater omentums survived after operation without complications such as intestinal adhesion, volvulus and peritonitis. The area of the skin grafting was 36 cm×8 cm-45 cm×22 cm. 16 cases skin grafting survived completely, 2 cases skin grafting were necrosis just local small area, and scar healed after dressing change. Postoperative follow-up of 6-12 months showed good appearance and function of lower limbs and satisfactory results.Conclusions:For the large area soft tissue defect wound of lower extremity, complicated with multiple deep tissues such as bone, joint and internal materials exposed, the greater omentum free transplantation under laparoscope combined with medium thick skin graft second stage has the advantages of good appearance and function after wound healing, less donor injury and fewer postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVE：To study the improvement effects of total ginsenosides on the senescence of PC 12 cells induced by D-galactose and its mechanism. METHODS ：Rat pheochromocytoma （PC12）cells were treated with D-galactose to establish cell senescence model. CCK- 8 method was used to screen the D-galactose modeling concentration and total ginsenosides concentration. Normal control group ，model group ，total ginsenosides low and high concentration groups were set up. Cell senescence ，cell apoptosis rate ，apoptotic cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP），cell adenosine triphosphate （ATP）and reactive oxygen species （ROS）levels in each group were detected. The expression of apoptosis related proteins [B lymphoma 2（Bcl-2）and its related egg X protein （Bax），cytochrome C （Cyt-C）] and oxidative damage related proteins [nuclear factor 2 related factor 2 （Nrf2），heme oxygenase 1（HO-1）] were detected. In addition ，positive drug group [ 5 mmol/L N-acetyl-L-cysteine（NAC）] and positive control group [ D-galactose+5 mmol/L NAC] were set up to compare the levels of oxidative damage related proteins. RESULTS：D-galactose could significantly inhibit the survival rate of PC 12 cells，with a critical concentration of 20 mg/mL. The total ginsenosides could significantly increase the survival rate of D-galactose induced senescent cells with a median effective concentration（EC50）of 65 μg/mL，and then the low and high concentrations of total ginsenosides were set at 55 and 65 μg/mL. Compared with normal control group ，the number of aging cells increased ，the apoptotic rate and percentage of G 1 phase were significantly increased i n model group. the percentage of S phase ，MMP and ATP contents ，the protein expression of Bcl- 2 and Cyt-C in mitochondria were decreased significantly ，whileROS content ，the protein expression of Bax ，Nrf2 and Cyt-C protein in endochylema were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，the number of E-mail：sunqiao150509@163.com aging cells reduced ，the apoptosis rates and percentage of G 1 phase were significantly decreased in total ginsenosides low and high concentration groups ，the percentage of S phase ，the contents of MMP and ATP （except for low concentration group ），protein expression of Bcl- 2，Nrf2 and HO- 1 as well as protein expression of Cyt-C in mitochondria were increased significantly ；ROS level （except for low concentration group ）and Bax protein as well as protein expression of Cyt-C were decreased significantly. The protein expression of Nrf 2 and HO- 1 were increased significantly in positive control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， but it was lower than that of total ginsenosides groups . CONCLUSIONS：Total ginsenosides can improve D-galactose induced senescence of P 12 cells，the mechanism of which may be related to activating Nrf 2 antioxidant signal pathway to antagonize D-galactose induced oxidative stress and alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction.