Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Thyroid Gland

Along with the improvement of the diagnosis techniques and the popularization of the health examination,the incidence of the thyroid nodule is growing rapidly.The management methods of the nodules depend on the correct diagnosis of the thyroid nodules,which could save the limited resources of the healthcare system.The diagnostic methods of the thyroid nodules developed in recent years are reviewed in this paper.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of laryngeal rhabdomyosarcoma.METHODS The clinical data of 5 cases of adult laryngeal rhabdomyosarcoma treated in Beijing Tongren Hospital between 2003 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS All the 5 cases firstly presented with hoarseness. 1 case was treated by combined therapy (surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy). 2 patients received surgical treatment combined with chemotherapy. 1 patient received surgical treatment only. Another patient received chemotherapy only. Pathological type: 4 patients were embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 patient was pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. In the follow-up of a period from 11 months to 8 years, 2 cases were alive without tumor, 3 patients were dead.CONCLUSION Adult laryngeal rhabdomyosarcoma is rare. Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy is the main treatment method, and the prognosis is related to the pathological type and tumor stage.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy and safety of localization for parathyroid glands with intravenous low dosage of methylene blue in thyroidectomy. METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 41 patients who suffered from thyroid papillary carcinoma between Aug, 2014 and Jan, 2015 (9 males and 32 females, with a median age of 46 years). Thirty eight patients underwent primary thyroidectomy and 3 patients underwent second operation. A variety of thyroidectomy was performed in all patients, and who also underwent intravenous (3-4) mg/kg methylene blue in operation. RESULTSEighty four parathyroid glands were stained. Among 39 patients who's parathyroid glands were stained, the mean dyeing time was (31.27±9.41) min. Dyeing rates and dyeing time were not significantly different between 3 mg/kg group and 4 mg/kg group (t=0.24 and 0.20, all P>0.05). None of patients had the hypoparathyroidism problem such as peri-oral numbness, tingling, muscle aches and spasms. According to postoperative monitoring of parathyroid hormone, all of patients had no permanent hypofunction of the parathyroid gland. Neurotoxic effects and other serious side effects were not observed in all patients. CONCLUSIONIntravenous low-dose methylene blue in thyroidectomy is a safe, easy, and effective technique that facilitates rapid identification of parathyroid gland.

Objective In this paper,we selected the ultrasound features of the malignant thyroid nodules to evaluate the preoperative diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy ( US-FNAB )in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules.Methods Thirty-nine patients with thyroid nodules managed in the department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Captial Medical University from Dec.2010 to Aug.2011 were studied.All of them were undertaken the ultrasonic examination,ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and surgical treatment subsequently.The ultrasonic features,fine needle aspiration biopsy results and postoperative pathological results were analyzed to draw out the characteristics of sonographic features of thyroid malignant nodules.Results The sensitivity,specificity,misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of fine needle aspiration biopsy were 80.0％,89.4％,11.0％ and 20.0％ respectively.Solid nodules,shape/dimension ratio ≥ 1,calcifications ＜ 2 mm,irregular shape,blurred margins,type Ⅲ vascularity were correlated significantly with the malignant nodules of thyroid.The specificity of shape to dimension ratio and outline of the nodules were relatively higher than others (90.5％and 85.7％ respectively).But there were no single ultrasound feature that could carry a high sensitivity and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.Conclusions Two ultrasonographic characteristics could be used together as a select indicator to screen malignant nodules which can reduce the chance of undertaking the fine needle aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodules.

OBJECTIVE To explore the strategy of diagnosis and therapy of lingual ectopic thyroid(LET). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of6 cases of LET, and figured out the clinical features, imaging characteristics, therapy and prognosis.RESULTS 6 lingual ectopic thyroids were diagnosed by the Tc-99m thyroid static imaging; 3 cases accepted surgery, one only took oral levothyroxine, and one selected watch and see. 3 cases of lingual ectopic thyroid accepted the ectopic thyroid transposition and took oral levothyroxine postoperatively. Pharynx foreign body sensation and sleep snoring disappeared one month later. The lingual ectopic thyroid carcinoma resection was performed by direct laryngoscope in one case which was lost to follow up.CONCLUSION The thyroid static imaging is specific to the diagnosis of the LET. The indications of the surgery were obvious symptoms such as airway obstruction, snoring and pharyngeal foreign body sensation, and mass hemorrhage, cystic degeneration and carcinogenesis. The principle of therapy is to retain thyroid function as far as possible and comprehensive use of surgery, thyroid hormone replacement and iodine radiotherapy to improve symptoms, prevention and treatment of hypothyroidism.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of molecular biological detection of DTC in peripheral blood. METHODS 32 cases of laryngeal or laryngopharyngeal carcinoma were investigated. DTC in peripheral blood was detected by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,using CK19mRNA as the marker. RESULTS In the RT-PCR study,15 of 32 cases (46.9 %) showed a positive result. Ten of the 25 cases (40 %) of laryngeal carcinoma were positive. Fix of the remaining 7 cases (71.4 %) of laryngopharyngeal carcinoma were positive. All controls were negative. Of the 20 cases without lymph node metastasis,6 were positive; of the 12 cases with lymph node metastasis,9 were positive. The positive rate of the group with lymph node metastasis was higher than that of the group without lymph node involvement(P

OBJECTIVE To construct the lentiviral vector system expressing MDR1 small interference RNA, and identify reversal efficiency of multidrug resistant phenotype in the human laryngeal cancer multidrug resistance cell lines (LSC-1/TAX). METHODS Three target sequences of oligonucleotides were selected according to MDR-1 gene sequence, the complementary DNA contained both sense and antisense strands were designed and synthesized. After the oligonucleotides were inserted into the plasmid expression system pLVTHM, the plasmid was cotransfected along with pCMV-dR8.74 and pMD2G into 293T cell lines to package lentiviral particles. Interference efficiency of the lentiviral vector system expressing MDR1 small interference RNA was determined by RT-PCR, real time PCR and Western Blot in the human laryngeal cancer multidrug resistance cell lines (LSC-1/TAX), drug resistance was measured by MTT assay after interference. RESULTS It was confirmed by digestion and sequencing that lentiviral vector had the correct structure and could express the GFP and siRNA. The functional titer of concentrated virus was more than 1?108TU/ml. The vectors expressing 3 target sequences can infect LSC-1/TAX, and the third vector has the best interference efficiency. CONCLUSION The lentiviral vector system expres-sing MDR1 siRNA has been constructed, which is necessary to reverse multidrug resistance phenotype in the human laryngeal cancer multidrug resistance cell lines

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical prognostic impact factors of adult sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma (SNRMS). METHOD: The clinical features, treatment methods, and disease outcome were reviewed retrospectively for twenty-three adult SNRMS between 2006 January and 2014 December. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier estimate and the comparison between groups by Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out by Cox proportional hazard model. RESULT: Patients' ages ranged from 18 to 59 years (median, 23.2 years). With a median follow-up of 20 moths (3-47 moths), 14 cases dead and 9 cases alive, the 1-year and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 77.1% and 35.0%, respectively. Within the 1-year and 2-year OS rates,early stage group had a higher overall survival rates than advanced diease group (100.0%, 66.7% and 83.3%, 10.5%, P < 0.05); combined therapy group had a higher overall survival rates than single treatment group (86.7%, 50.0% and 50.8%, 0, P < 0.05). In the non-metastasis group (21 cases), 1-year and 2-year distant metastasis rates were 38.1% and 70.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that radiotherapy, chemotherapy and tumor diameter less than 5 cm were good prognostic factors (P < 0.05), while the lymph node metastasis, meningeal involvement and orbital involvement were poor prognostic factors (P < 0 05). In the 14 cases of dead patients, 92 8% (13/14) died of distant metastasis. CONCLUSION Adult RMS had a high advanced rate with poor prognosis. Distant metastasis is the leading cause of death. Controlling distant metastasis is a key to improve the survival rate.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; mortality ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; diagnosis ; mortality ; pathology ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to analyze the screened miRNAs related to the chemosensitivity for the TPF regimen of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma by miRNA array, and provide a set of miRNAs that may be useful for the development of novel diagnostic markers and more effective therapeutic strategies from the screened miRNAs.METHODSA total number of 21 patients who underwent TPF induction chemotherapy for primary hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were recruited for miRNA array analysis. 12 patients are sensitive to chemotherapy, and 9 patients are not. Moreover, the selected putative regulated miRNAs were also validated by RT-PCR in another 24 patients (14 patients are sensitive to chemotherapy, and others are not).RESULTSThere were 24 miRNA significantly differencial to the sensitivity to chemotherapy, and 6 miRNAs were up-regulated in the TPF group while 18 miRNA were down-regulated (P<0.05). To identify typical miRNA, mirfocus 3.0 database selected four miRNAs hsa-miR-211-3p, hsa-miR-4253, hsa-miR-4443, and hsa-miR-193b-3p, which were significant down-regulated in TPF-sensitive group. QRT-PCR further validated that only three miRNA (hsa-miR-4253、hsa-miR-4443、hsa-miR-193b-3p) were under-expressed in TPF-sensitive group of another 24 tissue samples (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONMiRNA hsa-miR-193b-3p, hsa-miR-4253, hsa-miR-4443 were identified in TPF-sensitive tissues by microarrays, and further validated by RT-PCR. These down-regulated miRNAs may act as novel biomarkers to classify TPF sensitivity of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and will contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of the chemosensitivity in the disease.