Objective To investigate the endotoxemia initiated systemic and pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury in endotoxin tolerant rats MethodsEndotoxi n tolerance (ET) models of SD rats were induced by four daily intraperitoneal in jections of 0 6 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 Escherichia coli LPS (serotype 055:B5).Normal control (NC) rats received intraperitoneal injections of the sa me volume saline On the fifth day,rats were injected with high dose of LPS (6 mg/kg) to induce endotoxemia and lung inflammation Blood,left bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and right lung tissue were collected before and 2,6,24,48 ,72 hours after the high dose injection of LPS (six rats for each time point) Cytological examination of blood and BALF and histopathological examination wer e performed Bromine methylphenol green was adopted for measurement of serum alb umin BALF albumin was measured by en z yme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and adjusted by the ratio to serum album in to evaluate the permeability of pulmonary microvascular Results The symptomes such as less activity,accelerated respiratory rate and weight loss in NC rats was not found in ET rats after the high dose injectio n of LPS BALF albumin as well as the ratio of BALF albumin to serum albumin in c reasedt 2 hours after injection of 6 mg/kg LPS and reached their zenith at 6 hou rs in NC rats,while no increase in ET rats In NC rats the blood white cell dif f erentiating shifted from lymphocyte to PMN,and PMN percentage of BALF also incr eased from (0 443?0 345)% to (8 000?2 896)% with its peak at 24 hours a fter the injection (P

Background and purpose:Osteosarcoma, a highly malignant bone tumor, develops rapidly. The current medicines for osteosarcoma present some limitations with serious side effects of long-term use. Isosteviol has the structure of tetracyclic diterpene which is the starting material of many anti-cancer drugs. However, its anti-tumor activity has been rarely reported. This study investigated the effect of isosteviol on proliferation of human osteosarcoma cell line U-2OS.Methods:The effect of isosteviol on U-2OS cell proliferation was assayed by MTT method. Cellular morphologic changes were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope. The cell condition was observed with Hoechst 33342 and PI staining. Generation of reactive oxygen species and cell membrane potential were detected as well. The cell cycles were analyzed with lfow cytometry. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by Western blot assay.Results:The result indicates that isosteviol suppressed the growth of U-2OS cells in time- and concentration-dependent manner. Isosteviol could cause S phase cell cycle arrest at 24 h and apoptosis at 48 h. With the increased drug concentration, reactive oxygen species increased significantly, and the membrane potential gradually reduced. In addition, isosteviol treatment enhanced the expression of Bax but reduced that of Bcl-2.Conclusion:The inhibition of isosteviol on cell growth of U-2OS cells was possibly caused by promoting apoptosis through regulating the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as the enhancement of Bax and reduction of Bcl-2 expression.

A total of 133 smokers visiting our smoking cessation clinic from February 2009 to September 2010 were studied.The data were collected during initial assessments and over a follow-up period of 24 months.Long-term abstinence rate was observed.And logistic regression was employed to identify the independent predictors of successful quitting.There were 132 males and 1 female with a mean age of 47 years.They smoked an average of 26 cigarettes per day.The mean duration of smoking was 25 years.Among them,57 smokers (42.9％) were severely nicotine dependent and 76 smokers (57.1％) were followed up for 24 months.And 20 smokers (26.3％) maintained 24 month abstinence.The predictor of avoiding relapse was immediate family members being nonsmokers.

To analyze the data of 284 smoking patients visiting the clinic during January 2009 to December 2011.There were 273 males and 11 females with a mean age of 49 years and an average length of 26 years of smoking 24 cigarettes per day.The average volume fraction of exhaled carbon monoxide was 16 × 10-6.The average score of Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence (FTND) was 5.The importance,confidence and preparation of quitting smoking were graded at an average of 8.5,6.7 and 7.6 respectively.Abstinence rate was 66.1％ at 1 month and 50.9％ at 3 months.A particular focus was placed upon those smokers with more serious nicotine dependence and longer smoking years.They knew much about the importance of smoking cessation,but there was a lack of confidence.Smoking cessation improves abstinence rate via behavioral counseling,psychotherapy and medication.We should strengthen publicity of smoking cessation and smoking cessation clinic to attract more patients with heightened confidence through treatment.

Objective To discuss the distributions and drug resistance of gram-positive cocci and provide scientific basis for reasonable use of antimicrobial drugs.Methods One hundred and twenty-five strains were isolated and cultured in our department from January 2009 to December 2011.The drug susceptibility was tested by K-B method and the results were judged by the criteria guideline of CLSI 2009.Results The main strains of separated cocci were Staphylococcus aureus (68,54.4％),Enterococcus faecium (22,17.6％),coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) (20,16.0％),Enterococcus faecalis (6,4.8％),Staphylococcus haemolyticus(7,5.6％)and other gram-positive cocci (2,1.6％).Methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) detected were 40 and 28 strains(accounted for 58.8％ and 41.1％ of S.aureaus).The results of drug susceptibility tests showed that the drug resistant rate of MRSA to Gentamicin,Clidamycin,Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin was up to 87.5％-95.0％,and the drug resistant rate of coagulasenegative staphylococcus to Penicillin,Erythromycin,Clidamycin and Gentamicin was up to 65.0％-95.0％,besides,the drug resistant rate of E.faecalis and E.faecium to Erythromycin,high level Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin were 86.4％-100％ and 50.0％-66.7％,respectively.No strains with drug resistant to Vancomycin,Teicoplanin and Linezolid were detected.Conclusion S.aureus was the main strains of nosocomial infection of gram cocci.The resistance of gram-positive cocci is severe,so clinicians should attaches great importance to high drug resistance of gram-positive cocci.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of psychological and behavioral intervention combined with varenicline smoking cessation clinics and to analyze predictors of successful quitting.Methods Subjects were collected from quitters who went to receive consultation and intervention in “smoking and related diseases” clinic at Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from March 2009 to September 2010.Eligible subjects were screened and divided into strengthen follow-up group and control group.The 4 weeks continuous abstinence rate from week 9 through week 12 were observed logistic regression model and used to analyze the predictors of successful quitting.Results Subjects who are addicted to nicotine received strengthening psychological and behavioral intervention combined with varenicline in smoking cessation clinics.The total continuous cessation rate during the 9th-12th week was 52.3％,with 60.9％ (28/46) and 46.2％ (30/65) of strengthen follow-up group and control group respectively.The most frequent adverse effects were nausea 39.6％ (44/111),insomnia and abnormal dreams 17.1％ ( 19/111 ).Adverse effects were tolerable and withdraw symptoms were few.Preparation and medication time can be used as predictors of successful quitting.Conclusion The quit rate of varenicline therapy combining with strengthen intervention is high and strengthening psychological and behavioral intervention could increase the success rate more obviously,which is a good choice for cessation therapy in smoking cessation clinics.Better preparation and regular adequate treatment can improve quit rate.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhi Shen Tiao Sui (regulating the mind and marrow) needling in treating depression after ischemic stroke. Methods: A total of 145 patients with depression after ischemic stroke were recruited between January 2016 and January 2018 and divided into two groups using random number table method, with 72 cases in the control group and 73 cases in the observation group. The control group received conventional treatment for ischemic stroke and medication, while the observation group was given additional Zhi Shen Tiao Sui acupuncture. The two groups were treated for 4 successive weeks. Clinical efficacy was analyzed after treatment. The neurological function pertinent scores [Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), clinical neurological deficit score (CNDS), activities of daily living (ADL), Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA) and Barthel index (BI) scores], as well as the levels of cortisol (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were recorded in the two groups. Adverse reactions that occurred during treatment were also observed. Results: The clinical total effective rate was 82.2％ in the observation group, significantly higher than 66.7％ in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the HAMD and CNDS scores were markedly reduced in both groups (all P<0.05), and the ADL, FMA and BI scores were markedly increased (all P<0.05). The HAMD and CNDS scores were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group after treatment (both P<0.05), and the ADL, FMA and BI scores were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (all P<0.05). The levels of CORT and ACTH declined significantly after treatment in the two groups (all P<0.05), and were markedly lower in the observation group than in the control group (both P<0.05). The adverse reaction rate was 2.7％ in the observation group, versus 4.2％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with sole use of Western medication, medication combined with Zhi Shen Tiao Sui acupuncture can promote the recovery of neurological function, down-regulate the levels of CORT and ACTH and enhance the clinical efficacy in treating patients with depression after ischemic stroke, with a relatively high safety rating.

The validity of fasting plasma glucose(FPG)combined with HbA_1c in diagnosing diabetes was assessed in patients with coronary heart disease.The results showed that the paired determination of FPG and HbA_1c helped to identify potentially diabetic subjects in patients with coronary heart disease.

Objective To analyze the genetic variation among white hair black eyes (WHBE) rabbit, Japanese white ( JW) rabbit and New Zealand white ( NZW) rabbit using random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) technique . Methods Thirty rabbits (male/female 1∶1) of each strain were used in this study.The genomic DNA was extracted from 90 rabbits.Sixty arbitrary primers were used to amplify DNA of rabbits with RAPD-PCR method.Based on the preliminary experiments , polymorphic primers were selected to analyze the genetic variation among the three rabbit strains .The experi-mental data were analyzed using Popgene 3.2 software.Results (1) Twenty-five polymorphic primers were selected among 60 arbitrary primers.493 amplified fragments were detected ranging from 100 bp to 1800 bp.Sixteen primers among 25 arbitrary primers could not only amplify the common DNA bands of 3 rabbit breeds , but also amplify particular alleles in the WHBE rabbit.(2) 234 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in WHBE rabbit , among which 166 sites were polymorphic , accounting for 70.94%.228 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in the JW rabbit, while 122 sites of them were polymorphic , accounting for 53.51%.231 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel e-lectrophoresis in the NZW rabbits , with 94 sites being polymorphic, accounting for 40.69%.(3) The Shannon genetic di-versity index of WHBE rabbit, JW rabbit and NZW rabbit was 0.3385, 0.2222 and 0.1905, respectively.(4) The genet-ic similarity between JW rabbit and NZW rabbit was highest among the three rabbit breeds (0.8443), followed by that be-tween WHBE rabbit and JW rabbit (0.8204), and the genetic similarity between WHBE rabbit and NZW rabbit (0.7862) was the lowest .Conclusions Our results demonstrate that there are both genetic similarities and genetic variations among WHBE rabbit, JW rabbit and NZW rabbit .The RAPD technique can be used to delect the genetic relationships among dif-ferent breeds and different individuals of the same breed of rabbits .

The study aims to develop a rapid, sensitive and specified method of liquid chromatography with heated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HESI/MS/MS) for simultaneous determination of amlodipine, benazepril and benazeprilat in human plasma using amlodipine-d4 and ubenimex as internal standards (ISs). Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) with heated electrospray ionization (HESI) was used in the positive mode for mass spectrometric detection. Analytes and ISs were extracted from plasma by simple protein precipitation. The reconstituted samples were chromatographed on a C18 (100 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column with mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-5 mmol.L- ammonium acetate-formic acid (30 : 30 : 40 : 0.1) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL.min-1. The standard curves were demonstrated to be linear in the range of 0.02 to 6.00 ng.mL-1 for amlodipine, 0.2 to 1,500 ng.mL-1 for benazepril and benazeprilat with r2>0.99 for each analyte. The lower limit of quantitation was identifiable and reproducible at 0.02, 0.2 and 0.2 ng mL-1 for amlodipine, benazepril and benazeprilat, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limit across all concentrations. The plasma samples were stable after four freeze-thaw cycles and being stored for 93 days at -20 degrees C. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of a fixed-dose combination of amlodipine and benazepril on Chinese healthy volunteers.
Administration, Oral ; Amlodipine ; administration & dosage ; blood ; Benzazepines ; administration & dosage ; blood ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry