Diabetic foot is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes. Early detection and prompt treatment is of great significance to the prevention of diabetic foot. Imaging is the most convenient and effective method for making an early diagnosis of diabetic foot, and imaging examination can directly and accurately reveal the peripheral vascular disorders, peripheral neuropathy, soft tissue complications, muscle and tendon lesions, bone complications, etc. thus the lesion’s extent can be exactly evaluated, which provides reliable basis for the selection and evaluation of the clinical therapeutic scheme. This paper aims to make a general review about the recent imaging research progress in diabetic foot.

Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Femur Neck ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Osteochondroma ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To establish carotid artery bifurcation aneurysm in canine, and to clarify whether specific hemodynamic insult in combination with arterial wall degeneration will lead to the occurrence and development of aneurysms. Methods New bifurcation aneurysm model of common carotid artery (CCA) was successfully established in 18 dogs, which were randomly divided into the elastase-treated bifurcation group (EBG,n=9) and the control bifurcation group (CBG,n=9). Three dogs were treated with elastase insult to both straight sections of CCA and were used as elastase-treated straight section group (ESG,n=3). Angiographic and hemodynamic analysis was conducted immediately after the operation, as well as 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Histopathological examination was performed 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Results Angiography showed that new aneurysm (mean diameter 3.2 ±0.4 mm) was formed at the apex of CCA bifurcation in 5 dog models of EBG group, while no new aneurysm was observed in both CBG and ESG groups. In EBG group, no rupture of the new aneurysm occurred during the follow-up period. Histological analysis revealed that in EBG group the inner elastic lamina was discontinued, the elastic fiber was disrupted, the muscle layer became thinned, the smooth muscle cells were reduced, and the inflammatory cell (macrophage) infiltration as well as the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased;these changes were statistically significant when compared with those in CBG group and ESG group (P<0.001). Postoperative hemodynamic analysis indicated that in EBG group the wall shear stress at the apex of CCA bifurcation was reduced, the blood flow velocity was decreased, with the relative and total pressure being the highest;all the above changes returned to normal after arterial wall remodeling. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the arterial wall degeneration and the hemodynamic effect at the apex of CCA bifurcation can lead to new aneurysm formation in canine model.

Objective To investigate the endotoxemia initiated systemic and pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury in endotoxin tolerant rats MethodsEndotoxi n tolerance (ET) models of SD rats were induced by four daily intraperitoneal in jections of 0 6 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 Escherichia coli LPS (serotype 055:B5).Normal control (NC) rats received intraperitoneal injections of the sa me volume saline On the fifth day,rats were injected with high dose of LPS (6 mg/kg) to induce endotoxemia and lung inflammation Blood,left bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and right lung tissue were collected before and 2,6,24,48 ,72 hours after the high dose injection of LPS (six rats for each time point) Cytological examination of blood and BALF and histopathological examination wer e performed Bromine methylphenol green was adopted for measurement of serum alb umin BALF albumin was measured by en z yme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and adjusted by the ratio to serum album in to evaluate the permeability of pulmonary microvascular Results The symptomes such as less activity,accelerated respiratory rate and weight loss in NC rats was not found in ET rats after the high dose injectio n of LPS BALF albumin as well as the ratio of BALF albumin to serum albumin in c reasedt 2 hours after injection of 6 mg/kg LPS and reached their zenith at 6 hou rs in NC rats,while no increase in ET rats In NC rats the blood white cell dif f erentiating shifted from lymphocyte to PMN,and PMN percentage of BALF also incr eased from (0 443?0 345)% to (8 000?2 896)% with its peak at 24 hours a fter the injection (P

Objective To assess the clinical value of batroxobin plus aspirin therapy in reducing the incidence of arterial re-stenosis or re-occlusion in diabetic patients with lower-limb ischemia after receiving angioplasty. Methods A total of 110 diabetic patients with symptomatic arterial obstructions were randomly divided into study group (n=50) and control group (n=60). Aspirin 100 mg/d plus batroxobin 5 IU every other day for six times was used in patients of the study group, while only aspirin 100 mg/d was used in patients of the control group. The follow-up finishing point was the end of 12 months. The arterial re-stenosis or re-occlusion was evaluated with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and/or vascular sonography. Amputation above the ankle, death, and the cumulative rate of amputation or death were determined, and the limb salvage and survival rates were assessed by using Kaplan-Meier analysis method. Results Twelve months after the treatment, the occurrence of restenosis in the study group and the control groups was 42.8%and 28.9% respectively (P = 0.002). MR angiography and color- duplex sonography revealed that the restenosis occurrence was much higher in infrapopliteal artery (P = 0.003) and in longer (length > 10 cm) diseased artery (P = 0.001). Twelve months after angioplasty Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the limb salvage-survival rates of the study group and the control group were 78.2%and 93.5%respectively (log-rank test, P = 0.032 4). Conclusion Combination use of batroxobin and aspirin can effectively reduce the occurrence of restenosis after arterial angioplasty, and the clinical effect is particularly better for the artery distal to the knee and the artery with longer lesion (length > 10 cm), besides this treatment can also improve limb salvage rate.

This paper analyzed challenges and difficulties in the teaching of academic English for doctoral postgraduates. The ideas of putting emphasis on listening and speaking course of academic English,compiling suitable teaching material,encouraging teachers to advance against the hardship were proposed. At the same time,it took China pharmaceutical university as an example to discuss the practice of listening and speaking course of pharmaceutical English for doctoral postgraduates and summed up the experiences in the enaction of teaching objectives,curriculum provision,compilation of teaching material,design of teaching model,etc. The purpose was to provide experiences for teach-ing reform of listening and speaking course of pharmaceutical English.

To analyze the data of 284 smoking patients visiting the clinic during January 2009 to December 2011.There were 273 males and 11 females with a mean age of 49 years and an average length of 26 years of smoking 24 cigarettes per day.The average volume fraction of exhaled carbon monoxide was 16 × 10-6.The average score of Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence (FTND) was 5.The importance,confidence and preparation of quitting smoking were graded at an average of 8.5,6.7 and 7.6 respectively.Abstinence rate was 66.1％ at 1 month and 50.9％ at 3 months.A particular focus was placed upon those smokers with more serious nicotine dependence and longer smoking years.They knew much about the importance of smoking cessation,but there was a lack of confidence.Smoking cessation improves abstinence rate via behavioral counseling,psychotherapy and medication.We should strengthen publicity of smoking cessation and smoking cessation clinic to attract more patients with heightened confidence through treatment.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of establishing aneurysm model at the carotid artery bifurcation in experimental dogs. Methods New aneurysm model at the common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation was established in 18 experimental dogs, which were randomly and equally divided into study group (n =9) and control group (n=9). In the dogs of the study group, the bifurcation top was treated with elastase, while in the dogs of the control group the bifurcation top was treated with saline. Angiography was separately performed immediately after, and at 12 and 24 weeks after the operation to observe the changes of the aneurysm top. Pathological examination was separately carried out at 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Results Angiography showed that nascent aneurysm formation (mean diameter of 3.2 ± 0.4 mm) was demonstrated at the arterial bifurcation top in 5 dogs of the study group; while no nascent aneurysm at the arterial bifurcation top was observed in the control group. During the follow-up period, no rupture of the nascent aneurysm occurred in the study group. Pathological examination revealed that discontinued internal elastic membrane, elastic fiber fracture, thinning muscle layer and reduction of smooth muscle cells were detected in the aneurysm at bifurcation top in the study group; when compared with those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.001). Conclusion The elastase-induced digestive degeneration of artery wall can cause new aneurysm formation in the newly-established aneurysm located at carotid artery bifurcation in experimental dogs.

Objective To evaluate the effects of spinal segmental stabilization exercises (SSE)at home on the quality of life for community dwelling elderly patients with lower back pain.Methods Eighty elderly patients with lower back pain were divided into two groups according to the random number method:the experimental group,which received intervention for three months,and the control group,which received no intervention.Evaluation was conducted using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL BREF).Results The ODI and WHOQOL-BREF scores for the control group were (0.32 ± 0.09) and (87.65 ± 8.63),respectively,before treatment,and (0.32± 0.07) and (87.98 ±8.15),respectively,three months after treatment; the scores for the experimental group were (0.32 ± 0.09) and (87.97 ± 8.71),respectively,before treatment,and (0.27 ± 0.09) and (92.30 ± 9.64),respectively,three months after treatment.No statistically significant difference was found in ODI and WHOQOL-BREF scores in the control group before and three months after treatment (t=0.311 and-0.672,respectively; P ＞0.05 for both),while statistically significant differences were detected before and three months after treatment (t =0.311 and-0.672,respectively; P＜ 0.05 for both).Differences in ODI and WHOQOL-BREF scores were also found between the experimental group and the control group three months after treatment (t=8.500 and-4.526,respectively; P＜0.05 for both).Conclusions Spinal segmental stabilization exercises can effectively relieve symptoms,improve body functions and uplift the quality of life for community-dwelling elderly patients with lower back pain.As a beneficial physical therapy option,SSE can be promoted in residential communities.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of psychological and behavioral intervention combined with varenicline smoking cessation clinics and to analyze predictors of successful quitting.Methods Subjects were collected from quitters who went to receive consultation and intervention in “smoking and related diseases” clinic at Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from March 2009 to September 2010.Eligible subjects were screened and divided into strengthen follow-up group and control group.The 4 weeks continuous abstinence rate from week 9 through week 12 were observed logistic regression model and used to analyze the predictors of successful quitting.Results Subjects who are addicted to nicotine received strengthening psychological and behavioral intervention combined with varenicline in smoking cessation clinics.The total continuous cessation rate during the 9th-12th week was 52.3％,with 60.9％ (28/46) and 46.2％ (30/65) of strengthen follow-up group and control group respectively.The most frequent adverse effects were nausea 39.6％ (44/111),insomnia and abnormal dreams 17.1％ ( 19/111 ).Adverse effects were tolerable and withdraw symptoms were few.Preparation and medication time can be used as predictors of successful quitting.Conclusion The quit rate of varenicline therapy combining with strengthen intervention is high and strengthening psychological and behavioral intervention could increase the success rate more obviously,which is a good choice for cessation therapy in smoking cessation clinics.Better preparation and regular adequate treatment can improve quit rate.