Objective To study the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Pholidota yunnanensis and to examine the inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds on nitric oxide(NO) production in activated rat macrophage-like cell line(RAW 264.7).Methods Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the constituents,and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on NO production in RAW 264.7 cells of rats activated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and interferon-?(IFN-?) were tested in vitro by microplate ultraviolet-colorimetric method.Results Seven compounds were isolated and identified as trans-3,3′,5-trihydroxy-2′-methoxystilbene(Ⅰ),cis-3,3′-dihydroxy-5-methoxystilbene(Ⅱ),trans-3,3′, 5-trihydroxystilbene(Ⅲ),3,3′-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl(batatasin-Ⅲ,Ⅳ),3,4′-dihydroxy-3′,5-dimethoxybibenzyl(gigantol,Ⅴ),3,3′,5-trihydroxybibenzyl(Ⅵ),2,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(coelonin,Ⅶ).Conclusion Compounds Ⅱ,Ⅳ,and Ⅵ show favorable inhibitory effects on NO production,compounds Ⅰ and Ⅱ are new compounds,and compounds Ⅲ-Ⅶ are isolated from this genus for the first time.

To study the effect of preservation temperature on the characteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) granules and optimize the preservation temperature of Anammox granules, the Anammox granules were cultivated in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor through adjusting the hydraulic retention times, and the inorganic carbon with KHCO3/NaHCO3 was alternately supplied. Subsequently, the enriched Anammox granules were preserved at -40, 4 and 35 °C, and ambient temperature of (27 ± 4) °C. NaHCO3 can be used as the inorganic carbon for the growth of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacterium (AnAOB). The best preservation temperature was 4 °C for maintaining Anammox biomass, Anammox activity, settleability, and the integrity of the Anammox granule and AnAOB cell structure. During the preservation period, the first-order exponential decay model can simulate the decay of Anammox biomass and activity, and the decay coefficients (bAN) of Anammox biomass and activity had positive correlation with the degree of AnAOB cell lysis. Meanwhile, the rate of Anammox biomass decay was larger than that of Anammox activity. The ratio of protein to polysaccharide in extracellular polymeric substances and heme c cannot effectively indicate the changes of Anammox granules settleability and activity, respectively, and the bioactivity has a negative association with the degree of AnAOB cell lysis.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Carbon ; Models, Theoretical ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sewage ; microbiology ; Temperature

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the rapid identification of Sanjiu weitai granule and quantitative analysis of moisture. METHODS:Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was adopted. 38 batches of Sanjiu weitai granule were collected,NIR spectrum was determined by integrating sphere diffuse-reflectance. Conformity test model was performed by comparing consistency index(CI)value and CI limit,and quantitative model of moisture was established using partial least squares(PLS)algorithm. RE-SULTS:When CI value was less than 6,the established model can accurately distinguish Sanjiu weitai granule,the model was proven feasible;the correlation coefficient (r2) of quantitative model was 97.44,the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) was 0.453,the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.748. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and rapid without destroying,which can be applied to fast screening of Sanjiu weitai granule in site and fast determination of mois-ture content.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of pyrosequencing for the mutation detection of katG gene in isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Meta-analysis.Methods Searching PubMed,Web of Science,Elsevier,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Weipu and WANFANG DATA to obtain the relevant English and Chinese-language articles,respectively.A written protocol and explicit study selection criteria was followed.Quality of included trials was assessed by QUADAS (quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies).Subsequently,the characteristics of the included articles were appraised and extracted.Heterogeneity of the included articles was tested by using STATA 10.0,which was used to select proper effect model.The fixed effects model was adopted using Meta-Disc software.Finally,sensitivity analysis was performed.Results Totally 114 research papers were collected and 9 articles were selected.The accordance between pyrosequencing and conventional sequencing result was 100％.Eight studies were involved including 945 specimens when katG gene was detected.The overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.77 (0.73,0.80) and 1.00 (0.99,1.00),respectively.The area under the SROC was 0.9882.As inhA gene was detected,the overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.19 (0.15,0.24) and 1.00 (0.98,1.00).The test was stable.Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals that pyrosequencing is a highly specific tool for detection mutation of katG gene of isoniazid resistance.This result suggests that it is useful for screening of isoniazid resistance in diagnostic test.(Chin J Lab Med,2013,36:329-332)

Objective: By taking the holism and differentiation concepts of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as the guidance, physical, mental and workplace factors were recruited in the observation of depression in employees, and were systematically classified to establish a workplace-related Liver Meridian-depression scale, for providing an evaluation index for depression in employees. Methods: NVIVO 11 software was adopted to assort ancient TCM classics. Based on the holism and differentiation concepts of TCM and well-developed scales, the item pool was determined via brain storm and screened by Delphi method after classified; a Wechat questionnaire was handed out 240 times via the online system 'Wen Juan Xing', and the results were statistically analyzed by the SPSS 17.0 version software. Results: Five dimensions consisting of 80 items were obtained after classification, and 60 items were selected by Delphi method; a total of 216 questionnaires were returned and the return rate was 90%. Of which, 215 questionnaires were valid ones, and the valid rate was 99%. By exploratory factor analysis (EFA), 44 items were obtained, and the aggregate split-half reliability coefficient was 0.922. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the five dimensions, i.e. Liver Meridian, relevant meridians, basic psychological activities, work cognition and emotional reactions, was respectively 0.841, 0.842, 0.914, 0.836 and 0.839, indicating a content internal consistency. The score of each item was highly correlated with the corresponding dimension, and the intercommunity was between 0.474 and 0.801. Nine factors were generated, 2 in the dimension of Liver Meridian, 3 in the dimension of relevant meridians, 2 in the dimension of basic psychological activities, 1 in the dimension of work cognition, and 1 in the dimension of emotional reactions, and the load of each factor was between 0.438 and 0.859. The reliability and validity of the scale were well examined. Conclusion: The scale can be applied to evaluate the qi activities of Liver Meridian and depression symptoms related to workplace.

The relationship of insulin dosage during transition from continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII)to subcutaneous injections of premixed human insulin in 197 type 2 diabetic patients was analyzed. Positive correlation(r=0.60,P

BACKGROUND: With the extensive application of small animal imaging and imaging studies, it requires the investigators to master the cross-sectional anatomy of mice, but the anatomy of mouse nasal cavity and sinuses cannot be obtained through vivisection.OBJECTIVE: To establish a highly precise serial colorful sectional image data set of mice using digital virtual human technology.METHODS: An adult male Balb/c mouse was killed for freezing embedded using modified Kawamoto's method and was then serially scanned at 5 μm of thickness by Leica CM3600XP cryostat microtome. The sectional images were photographed with a 24 million pixels Nikon D750 camera and stored as JPG files. All images were preliminarily registered by manually cropping the images based on the edge of block surface using software photoshop 7.0. Then, the image size, brightness and registration were corrected and adjusted, and the format of the images was unified as TIFF. The data set was imported to Amira 6.0 and was registered again with least square method. The quality of the data set was evaluated by three-dimensional reconstruction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 6034 original images with a size of 87 GB were captured. After cropping, adjusting and registration, the final size was 184 G. The mouse three-dimensional reconstruction model was satisfactory. To conclude, the data set established using the method and system mentioned above is characterized by high resolution and high-fidelity, which might facilitate the further study of the precise anatomy of mice and other fundamental experiments.

Based on the Australian AR-DRGs, this research gathered the diagnosis related information on the first page of medical records and accomplished the computerization of data collection and analysis through the data-base of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center.According to the clinical practices, the DRGs model has been adjusted to complete the localization and a severity-based-DRGs model and grouping tool have been established for the municipal hospitals in Shanghai.

The severity of disease can be used to evaluate the current situation of patients as well as to predict the diseases outcome.In the meantime, the severity among different diseases has been more and more applied in the evaluation of the patients at hospital level.This study collected and summarized different types of international disea-ses grouping tools'characteristics and applications based on the severity of disease, and their suitability and practical values in hospital performance evaluation were compared and analyzed.

The performance evaluation is an effective method to guide the public hospitals behavior and pro-mote their sustainable development.The introduction of disease severity could make the performance evaluation sys-tem more scientific and reasonable, and encourage the hospitals to improve their technical skills and services ability. Based on the Shanghai diagnosis related groups system, a case-mix index ( CMI) was introduced and a severity score of disease was developed after the relative weight ( RW) adjustment to evaluate different types of disease severity in hospitals.The results have shown that CMI effectively reflects the patients'disease severity and the intensity of treat-ment in those hospitals taken into consideration.Therefore, the scientific indicators should be selected and the evalu-ation system should be improved thereby establishing an effective monitoring and dynamic adjustment mechanism and further developing the diagnosis related group application.