Objective To investigate the cause, the prevention, the clinical manifestation,the diagnosis and the treatment of afferent loop syndrome following Billroth-Ⅱ-subtotal gastrectomy.Methods 10 cases of afferent loop syndrome whose history of operation, clinical manifestation, imaging examinations, and treatment were analyzed.Results Laparotomy was done again for all the 10 patients. Different extent of dilated afferent loop were seen intraoperatively. 6 patients underwent the Roux-en-Y anastomosis and the other 4 patients underwent the Braun anastomosis. No patients were died perioperatively. No recurrence was observed in followed up for 2 to 5 years after the operation.Conclusions Occurrence of afferent loop syndrome is associated with the incorrect operation technique. Improving the operation technique should be emphasized for preventing afferent loop syndrome. Once the definite diagnosis of afferent loop syndrome was worked out, the laparotomy shoud be done again as soon as possible. The optional operation can choose the Billroth-Ⅰoperation, the Roux-en-Y anastomosis, the Braun anastomosis or jejunal interposition,respectively.

Objective To investigate parameter changes for skin aging in murine model induced by D-galactose. Methods Sixty 3-month-old female mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group,low dose (80 mg/kg)and high dose (1000 mg/kg) D-galactose groups. After subcutaneous administration for 6 weeks, the aging models were established. Then, histochemical standards relating to aging were measured and morphologic alterations of surplus dorsal skin were observed under microscope and analyzed. Results In contrast with the control group, high dose D-galactose group showed that the thickness of dermis (624.5 ?48.5) ?m was significantly reduced (P