Aim To observe the effects of icariin on depressive-like behavior in prenatally stressed offsprings and explore its mechanism.Methods The model of depression was established by prenatal restraint stress on late pregnant mother, then male offspring rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight: Control, PS model, Saline group(NS), ICA(80 mg·kg-1), ICA(40 mg·kg-1).The effects of icariin on PS-induced depressive-like behaviors in male offsprings were examined by forced swimming test(FST) and open-field test(OFT).Furthermore, the protein expressions of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors(I mGluRs) and excitatory amino acid transporter 2(EAAT2) in prefrontal cortex were detected by Western blot.Results PS group exhibited depressive-like behaviors with decreased struggling time(P<0.01) and center crossing numbers(P<0.05) compared to CON, with increased protein expressions of group I mGluRs(P<0.01,P<0.05) and decreased EAAT2(P<0.05) in prefrontal cortex compared to CON.Treatment with icariin(80 mg·kg-1, 40 mg·kg-1)significantly increased struggling time(P<0.05,P<0.01) and center crossing numbers(P<0.05) in PS-exposed male offspring rats.Treatment with icariin markedly modulated the protein levels of mGluR1, mGluR5 and EAAT2 in prefrontal cortex.Conclusion Icariin has significant antidepressant effects in prenatally stressed rats, and the mechanism might be associated with the modulation of Ⅰ mGluRs.

Objective To investigate the reduction of ultrasound ( US) guided combined with Seldinger technique ( MST) for PICC catheter through upper arm basilica vein complications. Methods To select 400 patients received PICC from July 2012 to December 2013, they were divided into control group (n=196, using common methods in fossa cubitalis place to insert catheter to basilic vein) and observation group ( n =204, using ultrasound combined with MST for catheterization). We compared the pain level during catheterization, the success rate of catheterization at first time, relevant infections and complications. Results The success rate of catheterization af first time was 99. 50% in the observation group and 81. 63% in the control group (χ2 =38. 06,P <0. 01), and 1. 16% of mechanical phlebitis, 1. 16% of venous thrombus and 0. 58% catheter rapture in the observation group lower than these of the control group (χ2 =18. 31, 7. 76, 7. 89;P<0. 01). The maintenance and medical expenses of control group was (1 706. 21 ± 210. 20) Yuan while (1 368. 44 ± 190. 33) Yuan in the control group (t=15. 47,P<0. 01). Conclusions Ultrasound guided upper basilic vein PICC catheter can effectively improve the success rate of catheterization, reduce the complication of catheter, and save catheter maintenance and the cost of treatment, which is worth the clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the relationship between (serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,sNGAL) and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods 300 patients with CKD were divided into two groups according to the level of sNGAL:high sNGAL group (n=158) and low sNGAL group (n=142).The incidence of cardiovascular events and cumulative survival rate were analyzed by ROC curve,and the correlation between sNGAL and cardiovascular risk factors,cardiovascular events in patients with chronic renal disease was analyzed.Influencing factors of cardiovascular events in CKD patients was analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the data about BMI,diabetes proportion,CKD staging,eGFR,hsCRP,24h proteinuria,HDL,iPTH,phosphate and blood calcium between the two groups (P＜0.05).The 3-year cumulative survival rate of high sNGAL group(77.2％) was significantly lower than that of low sNGAL group(96.5％),and the 3-year incidence of cardiovascular events (37.9％) was significantly higher than that of low sNGAL group (9.8％) (P＜ 0.05).AUC in diagnosing cardiovascular events in high sNGAL group (0.746) was significantly higher than that in eGFR(0.636),age (0.504),serum calcium (0.545),HDL(0.594) and LDL (0.508,all P＜0.05).There was a significant correlation between sNGAL and eGFR,HDL,BMI,hs-CRP,iPTH and phosphate (P＜ 0.05).Both univariate and multivariate fact ors COX showed that sNGAL was a risk factor of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD (P＜0.05),((HR=1.976 and 1.588,95％ CI=1.443-2.724 and 1.144-2.143,respectively,P=0.O00 and 0.000)).Conclusions The incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD with high sNGAL is significantly increased.sNGAL is an independent factor of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic renal disease.