Ten compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the stem bark of Toona sinensis by silica gel, ODS Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies and preparation TLC methods. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical properties as betulinic acid(1), stigmastane-3, 6-dione(2), stigmast-4-en-3-one(3), 7β-hydroxysitosterol(4), 6-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one(5), stigmast-4-ene-3β, 6β-diol(6), ergosterol peroxide(7), 7-methoxy-2-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran-5-carboxylate(8), canthin-6-one(9), and α-acetylamino-phenylpropyl α-benzoylamino phenylpropionate(10). All compounds were isolated from T. sinensis for the first time.

ObjectiveTo investigate the quality of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in the market， and the moisture， extract， determination of Zhuyao and Douchi Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were compared to increase the utilization rate of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus. MethodThe properties， moisture， total ash， alcohol-soluble extract content and thin layer chromatography （TLC） identification were determined by the methods of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint and determination of specnuezhenide and salidroside were established with the mobile phase of 0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） （0-70 min， 92%-65%A） for gradient elution， and the detection wavelength of 220 nm at 0-14 min and 225 nm at 14-70 min. The two different characters of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were comprehensively compared by the above indicators. ResultExcept for one batch which did not meet the requirements due to the quality of harvesting， the other 12 batches of samples all met the requirements of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， but there were two different characters. Comparing the two different characters of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus， it is found that the moisture， total ash， extract， salidroside and specnuezhenide contents of Zhuyao samples were 2.22%-5.19%， 3.91%-4.49%， 32.56%-40.95%， 0.073%-0.170% and 1.45%-4.14%， and these values of Douchi samples were 3.57%-5.61%， 3.65%-4.44%， 41.31%-46.70%， 0.041%-0.067% and 3.01%-4.20%， respectively. ConclusionThe contents of extract and specnuezhenide of Douchi Ligustri Lucidi Fructus are mostly higher than those of Zhuyao Ligustri Lucidi Fructus， while the content of salidroside is lower than that of Zhuyao samples， and there are no significant differences in moisture， TLC identification and total ash content. Based on the above research， if the main purpose is to extract salidroside， it is recommended to choose Zhuyao Ligustri Lucidi Fructus. If the main purpose is to use Ligustri Lucidi Fructus as medicine， it is recommended to choose Douchi Ligustri Lucidi Fructus.

In this paper， by consulting the ancient and modern literature， the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing， and others of the original animal and medicinal materials of Moschus were systematically sorted out and verified， in order to provide the basis for the development and utilization of the famous classical formulas containing Moschus. According to the textual research， musk deer was first recorded in Shanhaijing. Shennong Bencaojing was recorded as Moschus and all generations were used as the correct name， but there were also aliases such as Shefu， Xiangzhang and Xiangqizi. In ancient times， Moschus berezovskii， M. sifanicus and M. moschiferus were the main sources of Moschus， and the quality of Moschus produced in northwest China was better than that produced in the Yangtze River basin. In modern times， Moschus of M. moschiferus produced in northeast China， M. sifanicus produced in Gansu， Sichuan and other places， and M. berezovskii produced in Ningxia， Shaanxi and other places are regarded as genuine. In ancient times， gunshots， lassoes， arrow shots and other methods were generally used to hunt live musk deer， and the sachets were immediately cut off. Those with high quality were called Xiangshanhuo， and dried in the shade after harvesting， which was known as Maoke Shexiang. Cut open the sachet， remove the shell and dry preservation， commonly known as Moschus kernel. In modern times， the method of taking Moschus from the living body of cultured musk deer is adopted， that is， Moschus kernel is directly taken from its sachet， dried in the shade or dried in a closed dryer. This method realizes the sustainable utilization of Chinese herbal medicine resources， but attention should be paid to the frequency and quality of Moschus. The harvesting time is mostly after the autumnal equinox every year， and before the next summer， it is better to gather sachet in winter. In recent times， it is believed that the shell Moschus is dry， full， thin， elastic， loose inside， many particles， strong and persistent aroma for the best， while the Moschus kernel is particle purple-black， powder yellow-brown， soft and oily texture， strong and persistent aroma for the best. The ancient processing method of Moschus was extracting kernels from the shell. After removing impurities， it is ground and used as medicine. Because its composition is not suitable for heating， the processing method is most common in preparations such as grinding into powder and putting into pills or powders， which has the effect of opening up the orifices and refreshing the mind， and it has continued to this day. Based on the research conclusions， it is suggested that the development of famous classical formulas containing Moschus， M. sifanicus， M. moschiferus and M. berezovskii should be used as the origins. According to the processing requirements specified in the original formula， it should be processed and used as medicine， while those without processing requirements should be used as raw products.