To introduce the prophylaxis methods and dealing experiences of the common malfunctions of electronic gastroscopy. To summarize the prophylaxis methods and dealing experiences of the common malfunctions of electronic gastroscopy in recent years. To do everything carefully in the prophylaxis of the common malfunctions could ensure the high definition and resolution of the electronic gastroscopy. To manipulate properly with effective methods of preventing and dealing common malfunctions in use of electronic gastroscopy can not only lower the cost of repair but also prolong the service life of the machine.

Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index(BMI)and cardiac structure and function of adult men living in Hebei province.Methods A total of 160 adults were assigned to 4 groups by BMI:normal body weight group(group A,BMI 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2),overweight group (group B,BMI 24.0 to 27.9 kg/m2),mild obese group(group C,BMI 28.0 to 29.9 kg/m2),and severe obese group(group D,BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(EDD),end-systolic diameter(ESD),inter ventricular septal thickness(IVS),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW),left ventricular mass(LVM),and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)were examined by echocardiography.Early(E)peak diastolic and late(A)diastolic mitral inflow velocity and E/A ratio were measured by Doppler echocardiography.Pulsed wave Doppler tissue image(PW-DTI)of the lateral mitral annulus was performed to evaluate early peak diastolic velocity(Em),late peak diastolic velocity(Am)and Em/Am ratio.Results Compared with group A,EDD,ESD,LNM,LVMI,Am,IVS and LVPW were increased in the other 3 groups(all P ＜ 0.05).E,E/A ratio,Em,and Em/Am ratio were decreased in group B,C,and D(all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group B,Sm was decreased in group C and D(both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Overweight and obesity could contribute to ventricular hypertrophy and deteriorate diastolic function in a BMI dependent manner.Obesity may be also related to decreased Sm.

Objective To understand the awareness degree and the dietary intake of acrylamide (AA) in food among preventive medicine professional undergraduate students in a university of Xianyang city .Methods 28 kinds of fried and baked food frequently eaten by undergraduates were selected as the respondents .The food-frequency method was adopted to perform the questionnaire in-vestigation on 248 undergraduates sampled from grade 1-5 of preventive medicine professional undergraduate students by the clus-ter sampling .Results More than 38 .71% of the investigated students had never known about the acrylamide ,32 .26% of the inves-tigated students had heard but did not know what it was ,11 .26% students knew about its hazard .The AA dietary intake was about 31 .57 μg/d per person ,and there was no statistical difference in the AA dietary intake between different sexes and grades .Conclu-sion The awareness degree of AA among investigated preventive medicine professional undergraduates is relatively low .Therefore it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of the AA-related food safety knowledge .

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the residues determination of Pb,Cd,Cu,As and Hg in Codonopsis pilo-sula,and evaluate the quality evaluation of C. pilosula of Pingshun County in Shanxi province. METHODS:Microwave diges-tion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was adopted with KED scanning model,RF power was 1 550 W,sampling depth was 5.0 mm,plasma gas(argon)flow rate was 16.0 L/min,helium partial pressure was 0.1 mbar,argon gas was 0.6 mbar, the vacuum degree of 5×10-8 mbar,branch turbopump speed was 1 000 hz,sampling cone aperture was 1.0 mm,skimmer aperture was 0.5 mm,the spray chamber temperature was 2.7 ℃,the data collection was repeated 3 times. RESULTS:The linear range was 0-20 ng/ml for Pb(r=0.999 3),0-10 ng/ml for Cd(r=0.998 5),0-250 ng/ml for Cu(r=0.998 8),0-20 ng/ml for As(r=0.999 0) and 0-1.0 ng/ml for Hg(r=0.997 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3.0%;recoveries were 95.80%-100.20%(RSD=1.85%,n=6),94.50%-98.00%(RSD=1.26%,n=6),98.52%-102.43%(RSD=1.60%,n=6), 94.90%-98.70%(RSD=2.29%,n=6)and 96.00%-101.00%(RSD=1.84%,n=6);the limits of detection were 0.021 0,0.003 4, 0.043 7,0.115 6 and 0.005 6 ng/kg,respectively. Pb,Cd,Cu,and As were detetcted,and Hg was not detected,the range of total contents was 7.185 2~12.558 0 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple with good precision,stability and reproducibility, and can be used for the residues determination of Pb,Cd,Cu,As and Hg in C. pilosula;heavy metal residues in C. pilosula in Shanxi Pingshun county does not exceed limit values of national and industry standards.

Objective To explore the biomechanical characteristics of the pharynx in patients with aspiration after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods Clinical data on NPC patients with dysphagia admitted between July 2011 and June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Twenty-three patients were found who had received videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs) and whose pharyngeal pressure and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxing were tested using high-resolution solid-state manometry (HRM).The cases were divided into an aspiration group and a non-aspiration group according to the VFSS results.Differences in biomechanical parameters between the 2 groups when taking food of different viscosity were compared.Results Patients with aspiration had significantly higher UES residual pressure when taking thick liquids (20.1± 14.3 mmHg) and paste (18.0± 14.3 mmHg) than patients not aspirating (9.3±9.2 mmHg and 7.2±8.9 mmHg for thick liquid and paste respectively).But no significant difference in average pharyngeal pressure between the two groups was observed.Conclusion Aspiration after radiotherapy may be correlated with increased UES residual pressure.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and female subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Methods A total of 835 female subjects were enrolled in this study. MS was defined based on the ATP Ⅲ criteria. Age groups were ＜45,45 to 65,and ≥65 years. The participants were evaluated by the number of components of MS and clusters of MS components. Measurement of carotid arteries with B-mode ultrasound imaging was performed. Intima-media thickness and plague of the carotid arteries were regarded as the indicators of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Results The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis, MS components and MS was significantly increased with the increased age. After age was adjusted, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that every component of MS was independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis; the increased waist circumstance and blood pressure and reduced HLD showed stronger effect. The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was increased with increasing number of components of MS. When compared to the 0 MS component group,the odds ratio (OR)of carotid atherosclerosis of the groups with 1, 2,3,4, or 5 components were 1.4,2. 0,3.4,5. 7 and 7. 1,respectively. The altered cluster components of MS impacted differently on carotid atherosclerosis. The clusters of components of MS with increased waist circumstance were more frequent than without ones. Conclusion Every component of MS may be an independent risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis;increased components of MS could contribute higher odd risk to carotid atherosclerosis; clusters of MS components might show different impacts on carotid atherosclerosis.

Objective To establish a new multiplex-PCR assay to improve the detection rate of mutations in the DMD gene in Chinese patients. Methods A retrospective review of DMD deletion spectrum of 355 DMD patients with deletions all over the gene was performed. All deletions were confirmed by " one-step approach" diagnostic procedure and MLPA analysis. The exons with high frequency of mutations were identified to constitute the amplification system and the PCR conditions were optimized. Results Two new multiplex-PCR assays were established. Assay one was used to detect 10 exons including exon 5, 8, 17, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51 and 52 of DMD gene, in two PCR sets. The theoretical detection rate would be 92% (326/355). Assay two was used to detect 5 exons including exon 12, 19, 35, 43 and 54, which could be used to screen additional 5% (17/355) deletion cases. The method was validated in other 22 DMD patients. Multiplex-PCR results were completely identical to the MLPA results in all 22 DMD patients. Conclusions The two multiplex-PCR assays were established based on the analysis of 355 Chinese DMD patients with gene deletions. It is believed that the new approach would be more applicable for deletion detection on the Chinese DMD patients since the DMD cases involved were from the whole country.

Objective : To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the influencing factors among students aged 7-22 years in Zhejiang Province. Methods : Stratified random cluster sampling was used to randomly select students aged 7-22 years in 11 prefectures of Zhejiang Province in 2019. Height and weight were measured. The general information, dietary habits and living habits of students were collected using the Student Health Status and Influencing Factors Questionnaire. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity. Results : A total of 33 800 respondents were included, 7 685 (22.74%) were overweight/obese, 4 729 ( 13.99% ) were overweight, and 2 956 ( 8.75% ) were obese. The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that boys ( OR=2.059, 95%CI：1.949-2.175), not living on campus( OR=1.306, 95%CI: 1.214-1.405), history of alcohol consumption ( OR=1.158, 95%CI：1.083-1.238 ), average daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in the past week ( less than once, OR=1.214, 95%CI: 1.103-1.336; once and more, OR=1.431, 95%CI: 1.259-1.626 ), average daily consumption of fries in the past week ( less than once, OR=1.171, 95%CI: 1.065-1.288; once and more, OR=1.266, 95%CI: 1.102-1.454 ), and average daily consumption of sweets in the past week (less than once, OR=0.727, 95%CI: 0.658-0.802; once and more, OR=0.504, 95%CI: 0.444-0.572) were associated with overweight and obesity in students. Conclusion The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among students aged 7-22 years in Zhejiang Province are 13.99% and 8.75%, respectively, which are associated with boys, not living on campus, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fries, sweets and alcohol.

Objective To investigate and assess 13C-methacetin breath test as a method to quantitatively evaluate the liver function of non-alcoholic fatty liver. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following 2 groups, control group given a standard chow and model group given high-fat diet (88 % standard chow + 10% lard +2% cholesterol). At the 8th week and 12th week, the isotope-selective nondispersive infrared spectrometer (NDIRS) was applied to 13C-methacetin breath test. Peak value of breathing (DOB), the duration to peak (T), and cumulative expiration within 60 min (CUM60min) were determined. Then, the two groups of rats were executed respectively. The level of endotoxin in the portal vein and abdominal aorta was detected respectively, and the specific tissue of liver was fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed, and embedded in paraffin for hematoxylin eosin (H&E). Results Compared with the control group, DOB increased in the model group at the 12th week but not at the 8th week. The trend was corresponded to the degree of path-ological lesion in the liver of rats. At the 8th week and 12th week, endotoxin levels in the portal vein of model group were significantly in-creased compared with control group. The breath test results were positively related to emlotoxin levels in the portal vein. Conclusion 13C-methacetin breath test may be a non-invasive method to evaluate the pathological changes of non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Objective To investigate the mechanical prosperity and degradation rate of the scaffolds with compounding collagen and the nano sol-gel derived bioactive glass were studied,and provide the theoretical basis for the further application of collagen based scaffolds.Method The scaffold with compounding collagen and the nano sol-gel derived bioactive glass(58S)were prepared using the freeze-drying techniques with the bioactive glass as phase addition.By affecting the aggregation state of the collagen fibers with adjusting the supplementation of bioactive glass to change the microstructures of the compound scaffolds and finatly the compound scaffolds with different mechanical properties were prepared.Results (1)As the aggregation state of the collagen fibers changes,the scaffolds with the coarser collagen fibers is prepared with the diameters 400-600 nm approximately.The coarser collagen fibers will play an important role in improving the mechanical property and slowing down the degradation rate of the collagen based scaffolds.(2)The interactions between bioactive glass and collagen are studied by FTIR and Raman technologies.When the quality of content of collagen in the compound scaffolds is lower than 20%,the secondary structure of collagen is damaged severely.Conclusion The composite scaffolds with the mass ratio of collagen to bioactive glass 40:60 has the best performance in mechanical property and degradation,which will be helpful for further applications.