Objective To explore the characters of behavioral inhibition/activation systems in clinical depressed adolescents.Methods According to CCMD-3 diagnostic criteria,46 depressed adolescents and 35 healthy adolescents were selected and assessed by Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System Scale,Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results (1) Compared with subgroup of mixed depression-anxiety (15.84 ± 2.36),depression only subgroup (13.70 ± 1.72) and control group (12.71 ± 2.55) scored higher in BIS (P＜0.01).And the two depressed subgroups (34.00 ± 4.94,35.88 ± 6.80)scored lower than control group (39.11 ± 5.06) in BAS (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared with healthy controls (39.11 ± 5.06),depressed adolescents in first-episode(15.28 ± 1.56) and recurrent (14.96 ±2.63) scored higher in BIS(P＜0.01).Adolescents in recurrent (34.58 ± 6.63) scored lower in BAS(P ＜ 0.01).(3) Compared with healthy controls,medication (15.30 ±2.48) and unmedicated depressed adolescents(14.60 ± 1.82) scored higher in BIS(P ＜ 0.01).Medication adolescents (34.52 ± 5.78) scored lower in BAS (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The BIS/BAS of depressed adolescents have their characters.BIS reflects mixed depression and anxiety.BAS reflectsdepression and may be a vulnerable index of clinical depression.

The special environmental features of high altitude, such as hypobaric hypoxia, low temperature, arid, high solar radiation, variable climate and geochemical anomaly, cause great effects on human physiology and health. It will provide valuable references and new ideas to study drug's metabolism in special environment of high altitude hypoxia, and give the guidance to clinical reasonable medication, avoiding adverse reactions and personalized medicine in plateau areas. This article reviewed the effect of high altitude hypoxia on drug metabolism, elaborated metabolic characteristics of some drugs and the activity and expression of drug metabolism enzymes under hypoxia environment at high altitude, and discussed related mechanism.
Altitude ; Climate ; Cold Temperature ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism

Objective To research reducing capacity and identification of aerobic denitrifiers WXZ-15 and WXZ-19. Methods Four factors three levels [L9(34)] orthogonal experiment was adopted to determine the best experimental condition for reducing capacity of aerobic denitrifiers WXZ-15 and WXZ-19.The tests were conducted to study the reducing capacity to reduce nitrate in the presence of NO2-and NO3-. Partial 16S-rRNA analysis was used to identify aerobic denitrifiers WXZ-15 and WXZ-19. Results The result of range analysis showed the best experiment condition of WXZ-15 aerobic denitrifier,in which COD/N was 10,rotating speed was 160 r/min,the inital NO2-concentration was 200 mg/L,initial pH was 7.5,and that of aerobic denitrifier WXZ-19,in which COD/N was 10,rotating speed was 160 r/min,inital NO2-concentration was 50 mg/L,initial pH was 7.5. Comparing experiment showed that the TN removing rates of aerobic denitrifiers WXZ-15 and WXZ-19 were 85.65% and 45.23% respectively,using NO3-as nitrogen source. While the TN removing rates of aerobic denitrifiers WXZ-15 and WXZ-19 were 52.32% and 35.40% respectively,using NO2-as nitrogen source. Conclusion Aerobic denitrifiers WXZ-15 and WXZ-19 are Delftia tsuruhatensi and Pseudomonas putida respectively.The reducing capacity of aerobic denitrifiers WXZ-15 and WXZ-19 is strong.

AIM:To investigate the differences of clinical signs and pathological structure of unilateral nasal pterygium and unilateral double pterygium.METHODS:Retrospective study.Totally 11 unilateral nasal pterygium and 11 unilateral double pterygium were collected to observe the size of the tissue area, the classification of blood vessels, the transparency and the break-up time of tear film.The 11 surgically excised double pterygia (11 eyes) and 6 samples of normal conjunctiva were collected for the study.With 40g/L paraformaldehyde fixation, paraffin sections were stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin, to observe the differences with nasal and temporal pathology under light microscope.RESULTS:In unilateral double pterygium, the tear break-up time was significantly shorter than that of unilateral nasal pterygium (t=3.410, P=0.003).In unilateral nasal pterygium, there was a significant negative correlation between tear film break-up time and tissue size(r=-0.927, P<0.01) and transparency(r=-0.764,P<0.01).In unilateral double pterygium, the tear break-up time was significantly negatively correlated with the growth time (r=-0.661, P<0.05), tissue size (r=-0.775, P<0.01) and transparency (r=-0.671,P<0.05).In unilateral double pterygium, compared with the temporal side, the quantity of the layers of corneal epithelial cells (t=-7.351, P<0.05), vessels (t=-7.400, P<0.05) and inflammatory cells (t=-7.481, P<0.05) increased.CONCLUSION:Compared with unilateral nasal pterygium, the tear film break-up time of unilateral double pterygium was poor.In unilateral double pterygium, with high activity, the degree of proliferation of squamous epithelium, hyperplasia and inflammatory reaction are significantly higher than those of the temporal side.

AIM:To study the clinical effect of silica gel drainage tube combined with lomefloxacin hydrochloride eye ophthalmic gel in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction.METHODS:Totally 86 cases (138 eyes) of lacrimal duct embolism treated in our hospital from February to December 2015 were divided into 43 cases (68 eyes) as control group and 43 cases (70 eyes) of the observation group according to whether they were treated with lomefloxacin hydrochloride eye ophthalmic gel.Patients in the control group were treated with silica gel drainage, while the observation group was treated with lomefloxacin hydrochloride eye ophthalmic gel on the basis of the control group.The total effective rate, serum hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (h-CRP) level, complications and recurrence rate were observed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS:The total effective rate in the patients with obstructive nasolacrimal duct, common lacrimal duct obstruction, and lacrimal duct obstruction in observation group were 95.2%, 100.0%, 96.7%, higher than those in control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in preoperative serum h-CRP levels (P>0.05).The serum levels of h-CRP in patients in the observation group at 3d and 7d after operation respectively were 2.40±0.84g/mL, 1.94±0.84g/mL, lower than those of control group at the same time (P<0.05).The complication rate of the observation group was 1.4%, which was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).Follow up for 6-18mo, the recurrence rate was 11.4% in the observation group, which was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The combination of silica gel drainage tube and lomefloxacin hydrochloride eye ophthalmic gel in the treatment of obstruction of lacrimal duct has good clinical efficacy, low inflammatory reaction, low complication rate and low recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the effects of short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in newly diag-nosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) and to evaluate the treatment regimen conversion after CSII therapy .Methods 72 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were treated with CSII for 2 weeks .Then they were randomly divided into two groups :the basal insu-lin group(glargine) and the oral anti-diabetic drug(OAD) group .Both groups were followed up for 2 years .Blood glucose ,insulin and HbA1c were measured before and after CSII and during the 2-year follow-up .Results CSII significantly controlled the glucose levels ,reduced the TG ,TC ,LDL levels and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) and increased the homeostasis model assessment of insulin secretion (HOMA-IS)(all P< 0 .05) .During 1-year follow-up ,HbA1c in the glargine group and the OAD group was (6 .13 ± 0 .47)% and(6 .21 ± 0 .38)% respectively .During 2-year follow-up ,the HbA1c values in the two groups were (6 .91 ± 0 .57)% and(6 .43 ± 0 .62)% respectively .T HOMA-IR and HOAM-IS obtained the long tern improve-ment without significant body weight increase .Conclusion Short-term intensive insulin therapy can effectively control the blood glucose ,improve the sensitivity of insulin and the β-cell function ;after CSII ,adopting basic insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs can a-chieve the ideal glycemic control .

Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil preconditioning on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in myocardium during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each):sham operation group (group S),I/R group and sufentanil preconditioning group (group SPC).Myocardial ischemia was induced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion.In group SPC,the rats were subjected to 3 consecutive cycles of 5 min sufentanil infusion at 0.2 μg· kg-1 ·min-1 via the femoral vein at 5 min interval before ischemia.In groups S and I/R,the rats were subjected to the equal volume of normal saline instead.HR and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at 30 min before ischemia (T0),immediately before ischemia (T1),at 30 min of ischemia (T2),and at 30 and 120 min of reperfusion (T3-4).At the end of reperfusion,blood samples were obtained to determine the serum concentration of TNF-α.The rats were then sacrificed and hearts were removed for measurement of myocardial infarct size and expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in myocardium (using Western blot).Results There was no significant difference in HR among the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group S,MAP was significantly decreased at T2-4,the serum concentration of TNF-α was increased,and the expression of TLR4 and NF-kB p65 protein in myocardium was upregulated in groups I/R and SPC (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with group I/R,no significant difference was found in MAP at all time points (P ＞ 0.05),and myocardial infarct size was significantly decreased,serum concentrations of TNF-α were decreased,and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 protein in myocardium was down-regulated in group SPC (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The mechanism by which sufentanil preconditioning alleviates myocardial I/R injury may be related to down-regulation of TLR4 expression in rat myocardium.

This study was aimed to evaluate effects of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) five elements music therapy on the quality of life for both senior and non-senior advanced cancer patients , and improve TCM com-prehensive treatment mode . A total of 170 patients were stratified according to 70-year-old in a randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) with a parallel single-blind design . The ratio of patients among three groups was 2:2:1 . In the experimental group , TCM five elements music was given in the treatment . In the positive control group , western music was used in the treatment . And in the negative control group , no music was given in the treat-ment . The treatment was given for 30 min , 5 times per week . And the observation duration was 3 weeks . The Hospice Quality of Life Index-Revised ( HQOLI-R ) , Karnofsky Performance Scale ( KPS ) and Symptom Diary Score recorded by patients were used in the evaluation . The results showed that when comparing HQOLI-R , KPS and Symptom Diary Score before and after treatment among all advanced cancer patients in each group , there was a significant difference before and after treatment in the TCM five elements music therapy group ( P< 0 . 05 ) . But there was no significant difference before and after treatment in the western music therapy group or the negative control group ( P > 0 . 05 ) . It was concluded that TCM five elements music therapy is effective in improving quality of life and subjective symptoms for both senior and non-senior advanced cancer patients . However , the sensitivity of using the Symptom Diary Score as an evaluation index among senior patients still needs to be further proved .

Objective To explore the effects of behavioral inhibition system/activation system (BIS/BAS) and emotion regulations on depression of adolescents.Methods 800 adolescents from an university and a middle school were chosen by cluster random sampling,and were surveyed by BIS/BAS scale,Beck depression inventory(BDI),center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CESD) and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ).The data were analyzed by pearson correlation,F test and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results (1) BDI and CESD were correlated positively with BIS (r =0.39,0.41,P ＜ 0.01),self-blame,rumination,catastrophizing,blame others and perspective(r =0.19-0.50,P ＜ 0.05-0.01),and negatively with planning,reappraisal (r =-0.08-0.24,P＜0.05).(2)The scores of severe depression group were highest(15.45 ±2.57,P＜0.01) in BIS,lowest in BAS-drive(9.60 ±2.99,P＜0.01),and nonadaptive emotion regulations were used mostly,and adaptive emotion regulations were done leastly.(3) Catastrophizing,BIS,reappraisal,rumination,refocusing and self-blame explained 35％ of total variance,and catastrophizing and BIS explained the largest proportion,respectively 25％ and 4％.Conclusion BIS/BAS and emotion regulations may be important factors influencing non-clinical depression of adolescents.

Objective To compare the efficacy of laryngeal mask of Supreme and i-gel for the airway management in patients undergoing elective lumbar vertebral surgery in prone position. Methods A total of 264 patients,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective lumbar verte-bral surgery in prone position under general anesthesia were divided into two groups (n =132)using a random number table:laryngeal mask of Supreme group (group S)and laryngeal mask of i-gel group (group I).The laryngeal mask of Supreme or i-gel were respectively placed in group S and group I im-mediately after anesthesia induction according to manufacturers’specification.Volume-controlled ven-tilation was used to observe the ventilation quality.The number of laryngeal mask insertion,laryngeal mask insertion time and the ventilation quality in supine and prone position were recorded,as well as the airway seal pressure.The position of laryngeal mask was evaluated by fibero ptic examination in both supine and prone positions.The blood on the laryngeal mask was noted.Finally,the occurrence of laryngeal mask related complications was observed.Results One patient in group I was excluded due to the failure of laryngeal mask insertion after three attempts.No significant difference in type of laryngeal mask,insertion time,adjusted cases,peak airway pressure,and fiber optic examination in both supine and prone positions between two groups.Compared with group S,group I required signif-icantly more attempts of insertion (P < 0.01 ).Nevertherless,ventilation quality in prone position was improved and airway seal pressure in supine and prone position increased (P <0.01 or P <0.05) in group I.No significant difference was found in the occurrence of laryngeal mask related complica-tions.Conclusion In the airway management of patient undergoing elective lumbar vertebral surgery in prone position,laryngeal mask of i-gel is more difficult to be inserted but can maintain higher air-way seal pressure compared with laryngeal mask of Supreme.