To compare posterior choroidal thickness in high myopia amblyopia eyes at different points to high myopia and normal eyes of Chinese children and investigate the relationships between choroidal thickness, axial length and age.METHODS: Fifty Chinese children (65 eyes) with age 4~15 years ( mean 9. 91 ± 3. 41 years) were recruited. By atropine optometry they were divided into high myopia amblyopia group ( 24 eyes ) , high myopia group ( 19 eyes ) , and normal group ( 22 eyes ) . Choroidal scans were obtained for all eyes using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( EDl-OCT) . Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), macular thinkness, choroidal thickness and retinal thickness at 0. 5, 1. 0, 1. 5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0mm superior (S, 12:00 position), temporal ( T, 9:00 position) , inferior ( l, 6:00 position) , nasal ( N, 3:00 position) were measured. Meanwhile, axial lengths of all eyes were measured by A-Scan. RESULTS: Compared high myopia group and emmetropia group, SFCT and the thickness of choroids on each position were thinnest in high myopic amblyopia group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). There was a significant negative correlation between SFCT and axial length in high myopic amblyopia group (r=-0. 531, R2 =0. 282, F=7. 476, P=0. 013), with no relative in age (r=-0. 292, R2=0. 085, F=2. 044, P=0. 167).CONCLUSlON: The choroidal thickness thinning in high myopic amblyopia shows a negative correlation with axial length.

·AlM:To investigate the retinal thickness change of high myopia amblyopic children, so as to discuss the relationships between the retinal thickness of central fovea of macula and the factors of axis oculi and age. · METHODS:Thirty-nine children ( 65 eyes ) with the average age of ( 9.91 3.41 ) years were recruited.All eyes were ruled out the pathological changes of fundus diseases and front section. After a tropine optometry, they were divided into three groups: high myopia amblyopic group ( 24 eyes ) , high myopia group ( 19 eyes) and normal group ( 22 eyes ) .Retinal scans were obtained for all eyes using Heidelberg optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . Subfoveal macular thickness, retinal thickness at 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm superior ( S, 12∶00 position), temporal (T, 9∶00 position), inferior (l, 6∶00 position) and nasal (N, 3∶00 position) from the fovea were measured and axial length was also surveyed by A -ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate retinal thickness at each location and to correlate subfoveal macular thickness with axial length and age.
·RESULTS:The average subfoveal macular thinkness of the high myopia amblyopic group was thinner than high myopia group but thicker than normal group.There was no statistical difference between three groups (P>0.05). Retinal thickness inferior to the fovea at 0.5mm temporal and superior to the fovea in the high myopia amblyopic group at 1.0mm temporal were both thinner than normal group which had statistically significant ( P <0.05 ). Retinal thickness on nasal, superior, temporal, and inferior at 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm from the fovea were measured, high myopia amblyopic group were the thinnest in the three groups, and there was statistically significant between three groups ( P<0.05). There was no correlation between the average subfoveal macular thickness and axial length, age in high myopia amblyopic group.
· CONCLUSlON:There are significant abnormalities of macula retinal structure in high myopia amblyopic children.

AIM: To research the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness change in high myopia amblyopic children and to discuss the relationships among RNFL thickness, axial length and age.
METHODS:Thirty-five Chinese children (59 eyes) with a mean age of ( 9. 59 ±2. 90 ) years were recruited. All eyes were ruled out the pathological changes of fundus diseases and front section. By atropine optometry after they were divided into: high myopia amblyopia group (22 eyes), high myopia group (15 eyes), normal group (22 eyes) . RNFL scans were obtained for all eyes using optical coherence tomography and axial length was also surveyed by A - ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate RNFL thickness at each location with axial length and age.
RESULTS:The peripapillary RNFL thickness in temporal of high myopia amblyopia group was thinner than that in
high myopia group, and thicker than that in normal group. The peripapillary RNFL thickness in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were thinner than those in high myopia and normal gruops. The peripapillary RNFL thickness in inferior and average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were significantly thinner than those of high myopia (P<0. 05). The peripapillary RNFL thickness in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were significantly thinner than those of normal (P<0. 01). The peripapillary RNFL thickness in temporal of high myopia group was significantly thicker, and in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness were significantly thinner than those of normal (P<0. 05). The thickness of peripapillary RNFL in inferior showed a negative correlation with axial length in high myopia amblyopia group (R=0. 474, R2=0. 225, F=4. 933, P=0. 040). The thickness of peripapillary RNFL in superior showed a negative correlation with axial length in high myopia group (R=0. 642, R2=0. 412, F=9. 104,P=0. 010). These were no correlation between the peripapillary RNFL thickness and age in high myopia amblyopia, myopia amblyopia and normal.
CONCLUSION:There are significant abnormalities of retinal structure in high myopia amblyopia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of immunophenotyping of acute leukemia by flow cytometry in China (except Taiwan, Hongkong and Macau), and to provide theoretical evidence for the formulation of guidelines of immunophenotyping of leukemia by flow cytometry.MethodsThe Chinese Hospital Knowledge Database(CHKD) was used to retrieve the1994-2009 published papers on immunophenotyping of acute leukemia by flow cytometry.All of 380 retrieved papers were analyzed by the GraphPad Prism 4. ResultsThe number of published papers in China increased yearly and changed gradually from large cities to small and medium-sized cities in local distribution. The most often reported area was Beijing, followed by Jiangsu and Guangdong. In specimen processing, the ratios of using mononuclear cell labling method and whole blood labling-lysing-washing method were 34.2 ％ (113/330) and 65.8 ％ (217/330) respectively. The ratios of using single color, two color, three color and four color labling method were 15.4 ％ (53/344), 13.7 ％ (47/344), 54.1％ (186/344) and 16.3 ％ (56/344), respectively. The number of fluorescent antibodies was used from less than 10 to more than 20.Most of them were between 11 to 16,which was 48.6 ％ (167/344) of total number of published papers. In data acquisition and analysis, the ratios of using FSC/SSC gating and CD45/SSC gating were 34.2 ％ (113/330) and 65.8 ％ (217/330), respectively. There were some differences in the positive criteria of lymphatic and myeloid and cytoplasm antigens.The main positive criteria of lymphatic, myeloid antigen was ≥20 ％, which was 64.8 ％ (223/344) and 95.4 ％ (328/344) . The main positive criteria of cytoplasm antigen was ≥ 10 ％, which accounted for 61.2 ％ (156/255). Conclusion A common view has been reached in specimen processing,gating method,data acquisition and analysis in immunophenotyping of acute leukemia by flow cytometry. But there were still some difference in the number of fluorescent antibodies, panels and evaluation of positive criteria of antigens.

Objective: To investigate the factor structure of the PTSD through analyzing the factor structure of the PTSD Checklist in adolescents from earthquake disaster region. Methods: Chinese PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version was used to assess 560 adolescents, and technique of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed to comparing seven competitive models. Results: The intercorrelated four-factor model was the best fit one. Conclusion: The Chinese PTSD Checklist-Civilian has an intercorrelated four-factor model; intercorrelated four-factor model of the PTSD may fit the Chinese people, however, which needs further confirmation.

Objective: To study the content determination of atractylodin, atractylon, and β-eudesmol in Atractylodis Rhizoma by GC and characteristic spectrum in order to provide a scientific basis for the quality control. Methods: Using GC and Agilent HP-5 capillary column, taking nitrogen as carrier gas, FID as detector, temperature programming, split ratio, injection port temperature: 250℃, detector temperature: 250℃, column temperature: 130℃; The contents of atractylodin, atractylon and β-eudesmol of 25 samples between Chengde and purchased from other markets were determined by external standard method. The characteristic spectrum was set up and the similarity was analyzed by Estimating System of Similarity on the Chinese Medicine Fingerprint Chromatogram. Results: The determination method and characteristic spectrum by GC for atractylodin, atractylon, and β-eudesmol in Atractylodis Rhizoma were established. Nine characteristic peaks were identified; The linear range of β-eudesmol was 20.00 - 406.10 μg/mL (r = 0.999 9), and the average recovery was 100.75%, RSD = 1.17% (n = 6), and the limit of detection was 0.12 ng. The linear range of atractylon was 35.00 - 348.70 μg/mL (r = 0.999 5), and the average recovery was 99.84%, RSD = 1.29% (n = 6), and the limit of detection was 0.04 ng; The linear range of atractylodin was 16.46 - 329.30 μg/mL (r = 0.999 6), and the average recovery was 100.12%, RSD = 0.88% (n = 6), and the limit of detection was 0.06 ng. Conclusion: The concent determination and characteristic spectrum method of atractylodin, atractylon, and β-eudesmol established by this study are sensitive, simple, stability, which could make the determination result accurate and reliable.

Child ; Critical Care ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Medical Records ; Severity of Illness Index

Objective To compare the effects of remifentanil infused at different rates on median effective target plasma concentration (EC50) of propofol inhibiting responses to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion and determine the optimum infusion rate of remifentanil when used for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pediatric patients.Methods Eighty-four ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ pediatric patients,aged 7 months-3 years,scheduled for elective fiberoptic bronchoscopy,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =28 each):normal saline group (group C),remifentanil infused at 3 ng· kg-1 ·min-1 group (group R1) and remifentanil infused at 5 ng· kg-1 · min-1 group (group R2).Responses to LMA insertion were defined as body movement and/or bucking during insertion.The initial target plasma concentrations of propofol were 5.2,4.8 and 4.4 μg/ml in groups C,R1 and R2,respectively.The target plasma concentration of propofol was determined by up-and-down sequential allocation.Each time the target plasma concentration increased/decreased by 0.2μg/ml.EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval of propofol blunting responses to LMA insertion were determined by probit method.Results EC50 (95 ％ confidence interval) of propofol was 5.03 (4.92-5.12) μg/ml,4.71 (4.58-4.84) μg/rnl and 4.46 (4.20-4.94) μg/ml in groups C,R1 and R2,respectively.There was no significant difference in EC50 of propofol between groups R1 and C (P ＞ 0.05).EC50 of propofol was significantly lower in group R2 than in groups C and R1 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The infusion rate of remifentanil should not be lower than 5 ng· kg-1· min-1 when combined with propofol in pediatric patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

4.0 cm~2),slight group(2.5-4.0 cm~2),moderate group(1.5-2.5 cm~2)and severe group(