Objective:To provide ideas for the participation of clinical pharmacists in clinical individualized medication.Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the clinical consultation for one senior patient with acute cholangitis treated with biapenem.Results:The consultation comments and suggestions proposed by clinical pharmacists were accepted by clinics,which played an important role in assisting doctors in the rational drug use and significantly improved the medical treatment.Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists should participate in individualized medication and help clinicians optimize drug therapy,which can improve the safety and efficacy of medication.

Objective To evaluate the difference in efficacy and safety between ~(131)Ⅰand antithyroid drugs (ATD)in the treatment of Graves'disease in children and adolescents.Methods MEDLINE(1966-2005), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(Cochrane Library Issue 2,2006),EMBASE(1984-2004), CBMDISK(1978-2005)and CNKI(1994-2006)were searched by computer.Isotopes(1989-2004),Radiologia Pratica(1986-2005),Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism(1985-2004),and Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America(1988-2001)were manually searched.Trials comparatively analyzed ~(131)Ⅰand antithyroid drugs on the treatment of Graves'disease in children and adolescents were included.The quality of the study methodologies such as randomization,blinding and allocation concealment was evaluated and meta-analysis was performed by Revman 4.2 software.Results Five non-randomized controlled trials involving 538 patients were included.Among these trials one was prospective and the rest were all retrospective.~(131)Ⅰwas more effective in increasing the complete remission and decreasing the rate of recurrence as compared with ATD,but the rate of hypothyroidism was significantly increased after ~(131)Ⅰtreatment.Conclusion Based on the five studies,the evidence suggests that ~(131)Ⅰtherapy is effective and safe for children and adolescents,and the total curative effects in Graves'disease are superior to ATD.However great shortage of randomized controlled trial(RCT),and problems concerning randomization,blind method,follow-up and statistic analysis still exist in clinical controlled trials, hence more RCT with high quality should be conducted.

Objective To investigate the effect of madopar combined with entacapone administration on plasma homocystein ( Hcy) level in patients with Parkinson's disease ( PD) .Methods Thirty healthy person were selected as a control group, 20 PD subjects with no levodopa ( LD) taking were as no treatment group, 63 subjects with madopar were as madopar group and 49 subjects with madopar combining entacapone were as combination group. Meanwhile levodopa concentration in peripheral blood and Unified PD Rating Scale Ⅲ ( UPDRSⅢ) score were measured.The plasma Hcy levels of all the researchers were detected.Results The L-dopa concentration in plasma of combination group was statistically significantly higher than that of madopar group ( P<0.05 ) .The score of UPDRSⅢscale of madopar group and combination group were significantly lower than that of madopar group ( all P<0.05).Compared with control group, the Hcy concentration in non-treatment group, madopar group and combination group were significantly increased ( all P<0.05 ) .And the Hcy concentration in madopar group was significantly higher than those in none treatment group and combination group ( all P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Madopar combined with entacapone therapy can significantly reduce plasma Hcy levels in patients with PD, which may be beneficial to the treatment of PD.

Objective: To compare therapeutic effects of clopidogrel and loading dose ticagrelor on aged patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods: A total of 160 aged STEMI patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected.According to random number table, they were randomly and equally divided into clopidogrel group (received loading dose aspirin and clopidogrel therapy) and ticagrelor group (received loading dose aspirin and ticagrelor therapy).Coronary TIMI flow grade, incidence rate of no-reflow after PCI, and incidence of cardiac adverse events and bleeding events in one month after PCI were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with clopidogrel group after PCI, there was significant rise in percentage of coronary TIMI flow grade 3 (71.25% vs.90.00%), and significant reduction in incidence rate of no-reflow (28.75% vs.10.00%) in ticagrelor group,P<0.05 all.Compared with clopidogrel group on one month after PCI, there were significant reductions in incidence rates of cardiogenic death (13.75% vs.3.75%), in-stent thrombosis (6.25% vs.0) and recurrent myocardial infarction (10.00% vs.1.25%), but significant rise in incidence rate of dyspnea (3.75% vs.12.50%) in ticagrelor group, P<0.05 all.There was no significant difference in incidence of bleeding events between two groups, P>0.05 all.Conclusion: Loading dose ticagrelor can effectively improve coronary blood flow, reduce no-reflow and its safety is good in aged patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction, which is worth extending.

Kennedy disease,a motor neuron disease,is an adult onset form of spinal and bulbar amyotrophy characterized by the damage of low motor neuron and uncompleted androgen insensitivity syndrome.So far,there is no effective treatment.This article is intended to provide neurologist with information about Kennedy disease in epidemiology,etiology,pathogenesis,clinical feature,treatment and so on.

Objective To explore the application of integrating 64-slice CT image with three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping(Carto-Merge) in guiding catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods Fifteen patients with drug-refractory AF received catheter ablation of AF.64-slice CT scan was performee 1-3 days prior to the ablation procedures.Using a novel software package,the left atrium(LA)with PVs was segmented and extracted for image registration with a combination of landmark registration and surface registration.Results The integration of the CT image into the electroanatomic mapping system was performed successfully in all patients with an error of 2.11?0.82 mm.Thirty pairs of PVs were electrically isolated after circumferential rediogrequency pulmorary rein ablation.The mean procedure time was 170.51?38.47 minutes.Cardiac tamponade occurred in one patient.All the fifteen patients were free of AF recurrence after 3 months of follow up including the 2 cases of persistent AF who required antiarrhythmic drugs.No thromboembolic events or stenosis were observed.Conclusion Integration of 64-slice CT image into the CARTO system successfully performed in patients undergoing catheter ablation of AF and enhance the ablation success rate.

AIDS has become a global disease,and a variety of drugs are used in the treatment of AIDS ,but the interindividual variabilities in efficacy and toxicity remain important limitations for the use of these drugs.Studies have shown genetic polymor-phism is the main reason for interindividual variabilities of drug reaction.In recent years,scholars focused on the pharmacog-enomics of anti-AIDS drugs and found that genetic polymor-phisms,in large part,determine the interindividual variabilities of the responese of these drugs.This paper reviews the research progress on pharmacogenomics of the four types of anti-AIDS drugs commonly used in China,including nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs),non-nucleoside reverse tran-scriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs),protease inhibitors (PIs)and integrase inhibitors (raltegravir).

The course arrangement,teaching contents and means and other items were investigated and analyzed in this research of teaching evaluation of professional teachers in military medical university.The results showed that the levels of post-oriented education teaching were increasing in updating ideas and accumulating experiences in recent years.However,there still existed a few problems such as too much basal theories,lack of real army circs in the contents and little practice in the manners.Therefore,the quality of post-oriented education in military medical university is expected to be developed to a higher level.

ObjectiveTo confirm a suitable professional diathesis structure system of youthful teachers.MethodsThrough literature review and discussion of a small scale of specialists,the authors established the primary index system.Then Delphi method was taken to organize two rounds of specialist consultations,specialists' opinions were summarized,index name and weight were identified,and the professional diathesis structure system was established.ResultsA professional diathesis structure system of youthful teachers was established,which included seven first-level indicators:professional morality,learning level,teaching ability,scientific research ability,mental diathesis,self-developmental ability,collectivity spirit & society activities,and 35 second-level indicators.ConclusionBuilding scientific professional diathesis structure system of youthful teachers is necessary,which can provide a solid basis for building up cultivating mechanism for youthful teachers.

Objective To prepare total triterpene of Paliurus ramosissimus solid dispersions (TTPR-SD) and study their dissolution properties in vitro. Methods The dissolution of paliurusene and betulinic acid were used as indicators to examine the effect of different carrier materials and different preparation methods on drug dissolution in total triterpenoid solid dispersions by single factor. The preparation technology parameters of total triterpenes of P. ramosissimus solid dispersion were optimized by orthogonal design. Existential state of drugs in this solid dispersion was analyzed by FT-IR and X-ray. Results The solid dispersion was prepared by solvent method with PVPK30 as carrier, the ratio of drug to carrier was 1∶5, ultrasonic for 10 min, and the magnetic stirring temperature was 80 ℃. The cumulative dissolution of paliurusene and betulinic acid within 60 min was achieved 89.19% and 80.49%, respectively. The drug dispersed in the PVPK30 in an amorphous state, and combined with the carrier in the form of hydrogen bonds. Conclusion The prepared solid dispersion can significantly improve the dissolution properties of total triterpene of P. ramosissimus.