Objective To research on study attitudes of military medical university undergraduates. Methods The study attitudes of all the undergraduates were investigated and compared in different sorts by using homemade questionnaires. Results The general study attitudes of military medical university undergraduates were good. The undergraduates of different grades had not different study attitudes, neither did the undergraduates of different ages. The undergraduates of different sorts had different attitudes, so did the undergraduates of different genders and different specialties. Concretely, the undergraduates not recruited by Army, the men undergraduates, the undergraduates of long academic-year program and five-year military medico have better study attitudes. Conclusion The general study attitudes of military medical university undergraduates were good but there is still some space to boost. All sorts of steps should be taken to correct their study attitudes and advance their study effects.

Objective To understand the learning motivation and innovation ability of eight-year program medical students in military Academy.Methods 57 students of six,eight grade of a military medical 8-year program were selected as the research object,among whom,there were 56 effective subjects (six grade 25,eight grade 31).The learning motivation scale,Williams' innovation ability scale and self-compiled questionnaire were used and in the form of questionnaire the students' learning motivation and innovation ability were analyzed.Results Among the medical students of eight-year program,the number of the low level of learning motivation was 7(12.5％),the number of medium was 43 (76.8％),the number of higher was 6(10.7％);Innovation ability overall score was (68.48 ± 5.466),four dimensions score of imagination,curiosity,adventure and challenge did not have statistical significance (F=2.254,P=2.254).The curious dimension score of grade six [(71.05 ± 8.035)] was higher than grade eight [(66.97 ± 6.585)],and there was statistical difference (t=2.086,P=0.042).Most of the students just had long-term goals for the future planning (35,62.5％).There were 27 (48.2％) students expecting good grades and 21(37.5％) expecting excellent grades.The number of the students who thought their innovation ability was higher was 28 (50.0％) and who thought their innovation ability was general was 27(48.2％).There were 82.1％ students whose motivation for an examination was mainly to improve their own quality,67.9％ of the students for contributing to the country.Conclusion The level of learning motivation and innovation ability of eight-year program medical students in military academy are more appropriate,but their innovation ability level is not ideal.The teaching reform should be deepened to further improve the students' learning motivation and innovation ability level.

Objective To analyze the influence of professional factor on sensory learning style of military medical university undergraduates to put basis for search effective teaching and studying strategies. Methods Taking one military medical university for example, the undergraduates in all specialties were surveyed with VARK 7.0 version on the quantity of tendencies of their sensory learn-ing styles, the distributions and strengths on condition of single style. Results ①There were statistical significances (χ2=134.916,P=0.029) in the types of sensory learning style of students from different specialties. In those with single learning orientation, the percentage was the highest in the Biotechnology Specialty (54.5%) and Nursing Specialty (49.2%), while in those with quadruple ones, the percentage was the highest in the Pharmacy Specialty (37.2%) and Chinese medical science specialty (35.3%). ②There were no statistical significance (χ2=20.372,P=0.119) in the intensity of single learning orienta-tion among different specialties. ③There were no statistical significances (χ2=26.587,P=0.185) in the type distribution of single learning orientation among different specialties. Conclusion The learning style type of sensory learning style of military medical university undergraduates were influenced by professional factors, while single learning style type distribution and the strength were not influenced by professional factors.

Progressive assessment is one of the methods adopted by colleges and universities to evaluate the comprehensive quality of undergraduates.It can provide objective references for various awards and selections.Most colleges used static and transverse methods; based on these methods,advantages and disadvantages of individual undergraduates were compared with general groups,but feedback and forecast functions of assessment can not be realized.Therefore it is necessary to transform our conceptions and practice progressive assessment on comprehensive quality of undergraduates.We can learn from the relevant conceptions and methods in enterprise management and use data envelopment analysis to exclude the influence of different basic conditions of undergraduates.These undertakings are of great importance to truly reflect undergraduates' effective progress degree,guide them to test and evaluate themselves correctly and to advance comprehensive quality continuously.

Objective:To explore the future development of pharmacists. Methods:The combination of on-site and mailed ques-tionnaire was adopted to investigate the present work situation of pharmacists in hospitals at different levels in 15 provinces and munici-palities of east China. Based on the statistical analysis of data, some problems in the present work of pharmacists were investigated. Results:The data showed that there was a wide gap of human resource among the hospitals at different levels, and the working condi-tion improvement for pharmacists should be performed. Continuing education and legislation were not standardized and unified yet, and the clinical pharmacy and the rational drug use needed further development. Conclusion:The relevant laws and regulations should be established and improved to guarantee the lawful right and interests of pharmacists. The pharmacist training system should be improved to raise the professional quality of pharmacists and promote the development of hospital pharmacy.

Objective: To design one kind of medical infusion pump. Methods: Based on single-chip microcomputer, 89C52, use the stepper motor to drive the semi extrusion micro flow pump. Results:During the infusion it can real-time monitor the block and bubble in the pipeline and alarm. It can accurately control the transfusion speed and infusion volume. With friendly man-machine interface it can display real-time infusion parameters and alarm signals. Conclusion: The infusion pump system has high precision and reliability, perfect function, and it is easy to use. Clinical practices show that it can effectively reduce the workload of the clinical nursing staff and improve work efficiency. It has high application value.

Objective To survey the quantity of clinical practice of medical trainees in practice,analyze the status characteristics and main problems,and put preference for practice teaching administrative departments.Methods In June 2016,all students finishing internship in some military medical university were gathered and surveyed by the person in charge.Using self-made questionnaires,the students were asked to anonymously fill out the quantity of clinical practice by themselves respectively in different department and in various capacities.515 questionnaires were provided and 479 valid results were collected (93.0％).Using SPSS 16.0,the number of trainees in different genders,specialties and categories was analyzed by variance analysis and SNK test (22 comparison).Results The numbers of clinical practice as first assistants and second assistants in surgical medicine were the most,which were 5.70 and 5.29 in average,while those in specialty medicine were the least (al1＜2.85 in various capacities).The quantity of clinical practice in different specialties and sorts as second assistants in intemal medicine showed statistical significance (F=2.646,F=2.682;P=0.008,P=0.031) and SNK test showed that those in navy general practice medicine (5.81) and soldiers (4.59) operated more.The quantity of clinical practice in different specialties and sorts as first assistants in special medicine showed statistical significance (F=2.166,F=2.765;P=0.029,P=0.027) and SNK test showed that those specialties in pharmacy (3.33) and clinical medicine (3.22) and soldiers (3.03) operated more.Conclusion The quantity of clinical practice of medical trainees has characteristics with surgical medicine most and there is no links with genders.In the departments with more opportunities,the differences among different groups are not obvious,while in the less operating departments,the students with higher motivations operate more.Therefore,these departments should focus on mobilizing the enthusiasm of students.Besides,the quantity of clinical practice in medical trainees should be looked upon objectively and the operations should be done under the guide of the teachers and on the basis of considering the security of patients.

OBJECTIVE To perform a surveillance study in order to investigate the change in antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae,especially extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs)-producing strains isolated.METHODS A total of 1986 strains of K.pneumoniae isolated during the last six years were analyzed.RESULTS Among 1986 K.pneumoniae strains,908(45.7%) were ESBLs-producing strains.The sensitive rate of ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae to imipenem was 100%,and to meropenem was 99%.There were 636 strains isolated from ICU,accounted for 32%;and 480 strains isolated from Department of Respiratory Medicine,accounted for 24.2%.There were 1630 strains isolated from sputum,accounted for 82.1%.CONCLUSIONS K.pneumoniae is the major pathogen.Detecting ESBLs-producing strains rate and their susceptibility to antibiotics is very important in guiding the clinical administration of drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of outer membrane protein on drug resistance of 59 strains of cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli.METHODS:PCR method was performed on test strains to identify OmpF gene.The outer membrane protein(OMP) profiles were studied by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).Sensitivity of 20 kinds of antibiotics to test strains was tested by Microdilution.RESULTS:Among 59 strains of Escherichia coli,OmpF gene were positive in 29 strains(49%),of which 20 strains were among 25 strains which produced AmpC enzyme.30 OmpF gene-negative strains had not occurred OmpF protein bands,of which 13 strains missed OmpC protein bands simultaneously.Among 29 strains of OmpF gene-positive bacteria,4 stains missed OmpF protein bands.59 strains were all resistant to many types of antibiotics.CONCLUSION:Deletion of OmpF gene and protein is the main reason for non-AmpC enzyme production strains resistant to cefoxitin.Porin loss bring about primarily cefoxitin-resistant property but little impact on other antibiotics.

Objective To explore the protective effect and mechanism of ligustrazine against ischemia-reperfusion injury of retina from neonatal rats.Methods Thirty-two neonatal rats were randomly divided into normal,model,solvent control and ligustrazine treatment group.Experimental model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by increasing intraocular pressure through intracameral infusion.In the ligustrazine treatment group,ligustrazine was given by intraperitoneal injecting before 30 min ischmia and after reperfusion 2 hours,10 mg/kg.In the solvent control group,the same voluminal solvent(isotonic Na chloride)was given by the same way before 30 min ischmia and after reperfusion 2 hours.The neonatal rats were executed by aeroembolism after reperfusion 6 hours.The content of malon dialdehyde(MDA) and the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity were measured by spectrophotometer.Results 1.The content of MDA in model group was significantly higher than that in normal group(t=4.80 P0.05).The SOD activity in model group was significantly lower than that of normal group(t=4.58 P0.05).Conclusion Ligustrazine can protect experimental retinal from ischemia-reperfused injury by increasing SOD activity and decreasing the content of MDA in neonatal rats.