Objective:To determine the cost of medical insurance macroeconomic factors,and propose countermeasures for macro-control health insurance costs.Methods:Principal component analysis was applied to screen dominant macroeconomic factors that influenced medical insurance costs of Shanghai.Results:From the macro perspective,the economy and technology were the main factors affecting medical insurance costs.Conclusion:It needed to increase government investment in public health finance,develop cost-declined medical technology and strengthen the construction of medical and health information,as well as to strengthen government oversight.

Objective: To study the influence of different telomere oligonucleotide on rat's thoracic aortic smooth muscle (A7R5 ) cell apoptosis and to clarify weather silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/cancer suppressor gene (P53) signaling pathway involved in oligonucleotide induced cell apoptosis. Methods: 3 telomere repeat sequences of TE-12 (TTAGGG)2, TE-24 (TTAGGG)4 and TE-36 (TTAGGG)6 were respectively transfected into rat's A7R5 cells as TE-12 group, TE-24 group and TE-36 group; in addition, blank A7R5 cells were used as Control group. Transfection induced A7R5 cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 and P53 in A7R5 cells were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in different groups. Results: Successful ransfection rates were similar among 3 groups. Compared with Control group and TE-36, TE-24 groups, the highest apoptosis rate of A7R5 cells was found in TE-12 group and the lowest was found in TE-24 group which was still higher than that in Control group, allP<0.05. mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 was obviously higher in TE-12 group than the other 3 groups, allP<0.05; mRNA and protein expressions of P53 was obviously lower in TE-24 group than the other 3 groups, allP<0.05. Conclusion: Telomere oligonucleotide sequence may promote rat's A7R5 cell apoptosis; different sequence had various influence and the strongest effect was observed in TE-12 sequence. The above impact might be related to SIRT1/P53 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the diagnosis value of ultrasound real-time elastography in thyroid diffuse diseases.Methods Eleven elastic quantitative parameters of 123 patients with thyroid diffuse diseases and 42 healthy volunteers obtained from the ultrasound real-time elastography were analyzed with principal components analysis to attain a comprehensive evaluation value which was named stiffness index(SI),reflecting the organization elastic information of different thyroid diffuse diseases.SI among each group was compared by ANOVA.Results Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis SI was 86.37±20.45,subacute thyroiditis SI was 86.14±19.95,primary hyperthyroidism SI was 54.68±21.69,normal control group SI was 41.34±15.59,respectively.The SI between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis,subacute thyroiditis,primary hyperthyroidism and normal controls had significant statistical differences (P<0.05),the SI between primary hyperthyroidism and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis,subacute thyroiditis had significant statistical differences (P<0.05),the SI between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and subacute thyroiditis had no significant statistical difference (P>0.05).Conclusions Ultrasound real-time elastography could indirectly reflect the stiffness information of thyroid lension tissue and have a certain degree of diagnosis value in thyroid diffuse disease.

Objective To investigate the relationship of nitric oxide with nitric oxide synthase system in fetal rat kidney and the mechanism of renal injury after acute intrauterine ischemia(hypoxia)/reperfusion ischemia(hypoxia)/reperfusion. Methods Wistar rats of 21 gestational days were selected and divided into seven groups according to the different ischemia(hypoxia)/reperfusion time. The level of nitric oxide and the expression of nitric oxide synthase system were detected by biochemistry, immunohistochemistry and RT PCR. Results The NO level was decreased gradually with extension of ischemia, which was significantly different from sham group ( P

Objective To study the effect of sodium hyaluronate(SH) on cornea preservation to provide a basis for eyes banks cornea preservation. Methods SH was applied in the short-term and middle-term cornea preservation. The preservation effect was evaluated by corneal morphology, trypan blue-alizarin red staining, activity assay of SDH and G-6-P enzymes, and ultrastructural observation of corneal endothelium. Results The above indices were obviously better in the experiment group than in the control group (P

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal ketamine on the intracellular calcium ion concentration [Ca2+ ]1 in the spinal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain produced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) .Methods Thirty-six male SD rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 12 each) : Ⅰ sham-operated group; Ⅱ CCI group and Ⅲ ketamine + CCI group. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1 . The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the trunk of the nerve at 1-2 mm interval. In sham-operated group (Ⅰ) the sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. Intrathecal catheter was implanted at L4,5 and correct placement was confirmed by aspiration of cerebro-spinal fluid. In group Ⅲ ketamine 1 mg ? kg-1 was administered intrathecally. 30 min before and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th day after operation. In group Ⅰ and Ⅱ normal saline (NS) was given intrathecally instead of ketamine. Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia were measured with ice-cold water and von-Frey filaments on the 7th and 14th day after operation. The animals were killed by cervical dislocation on the 7th (n = 6) and 14th ( n = 6) day. Bilateral DRG of L4-6 spinal nerve were removed and homogenized and centrifuged at 5 000 r/min. DRG neurons were isolated and [ Ca2+ ] i was measured by flow cytometry.Results In group Ⅱ (CCI) pain threshold to von-Frey hair stimulation decreased by 80.3% (on the 7th day) and 84.8% (14th day) while pain threshold to noxious thermal stimulation increased by 309.4% (the 7th day) and 336.2% (14th day) (P

OBJECTIVE:To develop an HPLC method for the determination of the content of curcumine in Rujiexiao tablets.METHODS:The separation of sample was performed on VP-ODS C18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid(61∶39) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 428 nm. RESULTS:The calibration curve of curcumine was linear within the range of 0.036～0.216 ?g (r=0.999 8) with an average recovery of 98.93%(RSD=0.99%,n=9).CONCLUSION:This method was proved to be simple,reliable and reproducible,and applicable for the quality control of Rujiexiao tablets.

Objective To understand the personality and self-rated health status and the relationship between them in medical students. Methods By multi-stage cluster random sampling, 878 medical students were selected to investigate the personality by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (Short Scale For Chinese) and the health status by self-rated health measurement scale (SRHMS1.0). Results The score of L dimension among male and female medical students was significantly higher than that of nation- wide young population. The scores of E, N and P dimensions had no significant difference between them. The score of P dimension of male students was significantly higher than that of female students. The score of students' SRHMS was 339.28?41.19, which was higher than that of general population in China. The score of physical health subscale among male and female students was 144.90?11.41 and 142.73?11.36, respectively (t=2.829, P=0.005). The scores of SRHMS and its three subscales were significantly different in medical students with different personality traits except the score of physical health subscale in students with different grades of P dimension. The scores of E and L dimensions had significantly positive correlation with SRHMS, and the scores of N and P dimensions had significantly negative correlation with SRHMS. Conclusion The personality traits of medical students were remarkably influenced on their self-rated health. To encourage medical students to reform the wholesome personality will be helpful to their health.

Objective To explore the influence of personality and negative life events on the development of pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetic patients.Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from March 2005 to February 2006.158 newly-diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients with diabetes (DMPTB) were reemited as cases and 281 diabetic patients (DM) as control group.Information on personality and negative life events was collected using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Life Events Scale (LES),respectively.Odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression models and the potential confounding bias was controlled through adjusted by education,income,glycemic control,previous maximal BMI,weight loss ratio,physical xercises,smoking,negative life events or personality.Results The proportions of introversion,medium,extroversion personality in DM-PTB and DM group were 38.6% ,11.4% ,50.0% vs.53.0% ,11.1% ,35.9% (X~2=9.280,P=0.010).Those with introversion personality had 1.91 (1.26～2.90) times higher risk of DM-PTB than those with extroversion personality,while this association became insignificant after adjustment(P=0.111) ; 35.4% and 19.6% in the two groups had experienced life events during the last one year,and such persons had 2.26(1.15～3.50) (unadjusted) or 1.82(1.07～3.10)(adjusted) higher risk of DM-PTB than those without life events,especially among male and younger (＜60y) diabetics.Conclusion Negative life events are the independent risk factor of pulmonary tuberculosis among male and younger diabetics.Thus,mental measures should be taken in corresponding risk populations to improve their capability of dealing with life events.

Intelligent prosthesis is going to be a research focus recently with the increment of the transfemoral amputees and the devel-opment of microelectronic technology, control technology and so on. As the fundamental part of the lower extremity prosthetics, the knee prostheses with high performance is still hard to design. This paper reviewed the development of the intelligent knee prostheses, classified the current available prostheses in the term of construction design, and discussed the drawback of their design and the trend of the further de-velopment.