Ligament of Marshall(LOM) is a bunch of epicardial structural deterioration.Because of its complex histological structure and electrophysiological properties, LOM plays an important role in the occurrence and maintenances of atrial fibrillation(AF).In addition, more and more studies indicated that ablation of LOM could effect the clinical result of AF treatment.We reviews on the anatomy, electrophysiological characteristics of LOM and the interrelationship between LOM and AF.

Hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HR + HER2 +) breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, accounting for about 10% of breast cancers. The molecular biological characteristics, therapeutic effect and prognosis of all subtypes have significant differences. This paper reviews the research progress of molecular biological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment condition and single-cell level in HR + HER2 + breast cancer from the perspective of heterogeneity.

Objective To investigate the combined effect of exemestane and low-dose methotrexate on exemestane-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells( MCF-7/EXE). Methods Antiproliferative effects of exemestane and low-dose of methotrexate, alone and in combination on growth of MCF-7/EXE cells were assessed by using the MTT assay. Synergistic interaction between the two drugs was evaluated in vitro by using the combination index ( CI) method. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry in a half inhibitory concentration of exemestane and low-dose of methotrexate . The changes of apoptosis on MCF-7/EXE cells exposed to two drugs alone or in com-bination were observed by fluorescence microscope. The expression of Bcl-2,AKT,P-AKT and cyclooxygenase-2 was investigated by Western blot. Results MTT assays indicated that the combination treatment apparently decreased the viability of MCF-7/EXE cells compared to single drug treatment (CI<0. 9). In addition, the combination of exemestane and low-dose methotrexate exhibited a synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle in the S phase significantly and produced a stronger inhibitory effects on P-AKT, Bcl-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 ex-pression than control or individual drug treatment. Conclusion The combination of the two inhibitors significantly increases the response as compared to single agent treatment, suggesting that combination treatment which can re-verse the resistance of exemestane could be a more effective approach to breast cancer.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Leukemia ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Vaccination

Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; Hematologic Diseases ; complications ; Humans

We describe a modified technique for the in vitro study of human spermatozoal penetration into hamster oocytes which is easier to master and more simple to perform and needs no complicated facilities.It comprises the following aspects:1 The hamster oviduct is stained with 1％ neutral red agar slics, so that the opening of the oviduct is easy to find and easy to be inserted with needle for flushing eggs.2. A special small tube,3 cm long with a diameter of 0.5 cm is used for fertilization instead of plastic dish with paraffin oil covering the media.3. Ordinary incubator is used rather than CO_2 incubator. With these procedures, the sperm penetration rates we got were 75％, 25％, 40％, 80％ and 46％ respectively in 5 experiments. It could meet the needs to evaluate the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa.

Objective To construct adenovirus vector harboring CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? gene for the study of enhancement blockade of T cell costimulatory pathway. Methods The IRES2 fragment was cloned in to the shuttle plasmid pAdtrack-CMV-CTLA4Ig, and then the human I?B? fragment was constructed with the link of the IRES2 to the pAdtrack-CMV-CTLA4Ig. Subsequently, adenovirus vector harboring CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? was constructed by homologous recombination in E. coli BJ5183, and recombinant vector was packaged and propagated in 293 cells. Results The recombinant CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? adenovirus was constructed by homologous recombination and identified by PCR and restrictive enzyme digestion methods. Conclusion The recombinant CTLA4Ig-IRES2-I?B? adenovirus may be used as a novel immunosuppressive agent for gene therapy in organ transplantation.

Objective To observe the effect of herbal medicines with the function of replenish qi and essence for the immune func- tion of patients after mammary cancer operation.Methods The 115 patients of mammary cancer after modified radical operation were randomized into treatment group and control group.The treatment group began to take the decoction of herbal medicines from 7 days before and from the 3rd day after operation.The control group had the same treatment but without taking herbal medicines.The im- mune indices of both groups were tested on the day 7 days before,one day and 14 days after operation respectively.Results In the treatment group,IgA,IgG,IgM were remarkably increased in comparison with the control group 14 days after operation;with the herbal treatment for 2 weeks,CD_4,CD_4/CD_8,IL-2 rised remarkably(P

The changes of the growth characteristics and surface ultrastructure during longterm passages of Wg3h cells that have been transfected with PSV_2-neo (Wg3h-neo) were studied. The results showed that the growth and DNA synthesis rate were evidently higher in the transfected cells than in the parental wg3h cells. The saturation of the transfected cell growth density was also increased, but neither the parental and transfected cells formed cell colony in soft agar medium nor tumor growth in nude mice. There was no significant differences in morphology between the two cell types under light microscopy, however much more microvilli were seen on the transfected cell surface under scanning electron microscopy. Southern blot hybridization analysis indicated that the PSV_2-neo plasmids were integrated into the genome of the target cells. Our results demonstrated that the transfected cells remained as nonmalignant cells although some changes of their growth characteristics and surface ultrastructure appeared.