Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is now regarded as the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in China.Despite continuous efforts to improve the therapeutic response,the overall five-year survival rate for NSCLC is still less than 15%.Now we have known that the growth of neoplastic tumors is maintained exclusively by a small subpopulation called "cancer stem cells" which posseses ability of self-renew and differentiation.It has been widely accepted that cancer stem cells are chemoresistant and radioresistant.Therefore,a major challenge in treating this and other cancers is the intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies demonstrated by the stem/progenitor cell that is responsible for the sustained growth,survival,and invasion of the tumor.Identifying these stem cells in non-small cell lung cancer and defining the biologic processes necessary for their existence are paramount in developing new clinical approaches with the goal of preventing disease recurrence.This review summarizes our update understandings of the cellular and molecular mechanisms operating within the putative cancer-initiating cells at the core of non-small cell lung cancer.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Pneumothorax ; complications ; etiology ; Silicon Dioxide ; analysis ; Silicosis ; complications ; etiology

In this experiment, the murine melanoma cell B16-F10 oncolysates transfected by recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding human IL-2(IL-2VBO) were used as vaccine. When the tumor-bearing mice were treated by following injection of IL-2VBO into tumor site, the tumor growth was inhibited and the survival time prolonged. The PBL from IL-2VBO treated mice showed higher cytotoxicity to the wild type B16-F10 but not to YAC-1 cells than that from control groups. The results showed the active specific immunity was induced by the IL-2VBO. On accout of its stronger immuogenicity and some advantages in preparing and storing, the IL-2VBO might be used as a kind of effective vaccine in the cancer active specific immunotherapy.

Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase ( CD) gene was transfected into murine B16F10 melanoma cells by recombinant adenovirus AdCD in vitro . The tumor cells infected with AdCD were more sensitive to 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) than cells infected with a control adenovirus AdLacZ. The supernatant from B16F10 cells treated with AdCD/5FC was transferred to uninfected cells, and we found that only 6. 25 % of the supernatant could significantly inhibit the growth of wild type B16F10 cells. When AdCD was directly injected into established subcutaneous B16F10 tumors in mice followed by intraperitoneal injection of 5FC for 10 days, a significant reduction in tumor size and prolongation of survival period were observed. These studies not only explored the cytotoxic effects of AdCD/5FC on B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo but also elucidated the mechanisms of its bvstander effect.

To further investigate whether the suicide gene therapy affect the immune system, CT26 colon adenocarcinoma of BALB/c mice was adapted as experimental tumor model. The growth of CT26 tumor was suppressed by the adenovirus-mediated CD/5FC system significantly both in vitro and in vivo. But the tumors seemed very difficult to be cured and developed again soon after the end of treatment. After adenovirus-mediated CD/5FC gene therapy, there were about 40%of treated mice were cured from the tumor burden, survived longer and resisted further CT26 cell challenge. These mice also showed improvement of splenic CTL cytotoxicity. Costimulatory molecule B7-2, dendritic cell marker NLDC-145, MHC-I, and F4/80 were present in tumor mass in mice. These data suggested that in vivo suicide gene therapy could induce specific antitumor immunity, but this effect is not strong enough to eradicate established tumors. Further study for more efficient induction of antitumor immunity in CD/5FC gene therapy is warranted.

We previously showed that adenvirus-mediated lymphotactin (Ltn) gene transfer in vivo could improve the an-titumor efficacy of cytosine deaminase (CD) gene therapy significantly. In the precent study, we investigated the im-munological mechanisms involved in the enhanced antitumor efficacy. Upregulation of CD80 and CD54 on murine CT26 colon carcinoma cells was observed after combined transfection with adenovirus encoding CD (AdCD) and adenovirus encoding murine Ltn ( AdLtn) followed by administration of 5-PC in vitro. IL-2 and IFN-? level secreted by splenocytes increased significantly after the combination therapy. In vivo depletion analysis showed that both CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cells participated in the antitumor effect of the host with CD8~+ T cells being the main T cell subset responsible for the enhanced antitumor immune response. These data suggested that increased irnmunogenicity and efficient induction of antitumor immunity of the host might contribute to the enhanced antitumor effects of the combined Ltn and CD suicide therapy.

Objective Investigate the efficacy of Plaix and Aspirine on treating the patients with progressive cerebral infarction.Methods 92 patients with progressive cerebral infarction were randomly divided into unite therapy group(n=46) and control groups(n=46).Two groups were taken the conventional therapy.In the patients of unite therapy group,oral Plaix 75 mg and Aspirine 150 mg per day,control group oral Aspirine 150 mg per day.Clinical neural deficiency score(NDS) was given before and 30 d after treatment for comparison and measur blood solidifying function and Heraorheological indexes.Results Total effective rate in the unite therapy group(93%)was significant higher than that in the control group(74%)(P

Objective To observe clinical effect of hyperoxia solution in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods 218 cases of ACI were divided randamly into hyperoxia solution therapy group(group H,n=116)and conventional therapy group(group C,n=102).500 ml hyperoxia solution were intravenously dripped in group H once per day,and the other conventional therapy were the same in two groups.The course of treatment for the two groups were 20 days.Results After treatment,the general effective rate of group H(84.4%)was significantly higher than that of group C(72.54%)(P

Objective To study the relationship between activity and virulence of secretory acid proteinase and extracellular phosphlipase of different Candida albicans isolated from various specimens.Methods 190 strains of Candida albicans were isolated from various specimens(sputum,blood,thrush,wound,secretion of vaginitis) of patients with Candida albicans infection in hospital.Milk-plate medium and egg-yolk medium were used respectively to test the activities of secretory acid proteinase and extracellular phosphlipase of Candida albicans.The suspension of two forms of Candida albicans(5?106CFU?mL-1) were injected to vein of tail in mice respectively in virulence test.The mortality and mean survival time of mice were observed in 1 month.The virulence was appreciated with the mean survival time of mice.Results All of 190 strains,the positive detectable rates of secretory acid proteinase and extracellular phosphlipase were 83.68% and 85.26%,respectively.Animal experimental results showed the activities of secretory acid proteinase and extracellular phospolipase in hyphal forms were significantly higher than that in spore form(P

Objective To construct a prokaryotic expression vector of cystatin C (Cys C), purify Cys C protein produced by the expression system, and prepare its antiserum. Methods Total RNA was isolated from HL-60 cells, and human Cys C gene was amplified with RT-PCR. The cDNA fragment was cloned into pMD18-T vector and which was confirmed by sequencing. The enzyme-digested target fragment was cloned into PET-32(a) expression vector and transfected into E.coli. BL 21(DE3), in which Cys C expression was induced. After the inclusion body protein was purified through Ni2+ affinity chromatography, processed by dialysis, identified by Western blotting, a rabbit was immunized with the fusion protein, and the antiserum was obtained. Results The result of DNA sequence analysis showed that the cloned Cys C gene sequence was completely corresponding to GenBank data. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting showed that the expressed Cys C fusion protein was about 35?103, mainly existing in the inclusion body of E.coli., that could be purified through Ni2+ affinity chromatography. The titer of the antiserum to the purified protein was 1∶8 000 by ELISA, and Western blotting confirmed that the antiserum reacted specifically to the Cys C protein. Conclusion A recombinant Cys C protein and the specific polyclonal antibody have been obtained, which provides a basis for establishment of immunoassays of human Cys C.