Globular hanging nasal alae, described as convex round shaped alar lobule which may be an aesthetic nuisance in the final result of rhinoplasty, are commonly seen among Southeast Asian noses. Such alar lobule morphology is an important part of nasal aesthetics and should not be disregarded. Surgical techniques used to address a hanging ala include direct external approaches. External rim excision was proposed to address hidden columella, sigmoid alae, small nostrils, dropped rim and foreshortened nose.1,2 Rim tissue was excised in full thickness fashion and sutured in one layer. Others proposed alar groove excision followed by alar repositioning and full-thickness skin grafting to reposition the alar base and correct hanging alae.3 Although these approaches have been proven to correct hanging alae, they leave a visible scar and/or permanent alar rim deformity if not done cautiously, especially on thick skinned patients.1-3 The alar rim may not be natural looking since it is lined by a scar, thus losing the lobular texture of the rim. A vestibular incision has been proposed to correct a hanging ala with unsightly scar.4 A maximum of 3mm elliptical vestibular skin was recommended to be removed to lift the alar rim with significant results. However, this recommendation was based on estimates and surgeon’s experience in western noses and may be insufficient for Asian noses. In addition, performing this technique without specific landmarks is difficult in achieving accurate results, especially when performed by a novice surgeon. Hence, further modification is important to address these concerns. Attempting to address the hanging alae in Asian noses, the senior author (ECY) modified the vestibular incision and came up with the sail excision technique based on the patient’s nasal anatomy.5 By presenting definite landmarks, the technique resulted in an alar lift procedure with reproducible outcomes. Furthermore, after performing sail excision in several patients, the authors noted the effect of this technique on alar morphology. This procedure is done by excising a precisely marked piece of inner nasal vestibular skin that is shaped like the sail of a boat to achieve a symmetrical and redictable result. This creates a lifting effect and improves the alar columellar disproportion specially when combined with septal advancement techniques.6,7 Furthermore, limiting the excision along the inner vestibular area and rolling the alar rim skin inwards results in correction of hanging ala (with a hidden scar) without an obvious, external scar. After performing the technique on several patients, we observed that in addition to its effect on lifting a hanging ala, the sail excision technique also changes the alar morphology from a globular-shaped lobule to a more aesthetically pleasing ridge-shaped lobule. To the best of our knowledge, such an effect of sail excision on alar morphology has not been described in the literature. This article aims to demonstrate the effect of the sail excision technique on alar rim morphology of Asian noses by describing the step-by-step procedure, surgical landmarks, and pearls in performing this technique.
Rhinoplasty

Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) in COVID-19 presents as a sudden onset smell loss commonly seen in mild symptomatic cases with or without rhinitis but can occur as an isolated symptom. The reported prevalence of OD among COVID-19 patients ranged from 5% to 98%. Although numerous studies have been conducted about their association, these were mainly based on self-reported cases and subjective questionnaires. Objective: This study investigates whether there is a significant difference in the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction between self-reported and objective testing using validated objective olfactory tests among RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients. Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for studies investigating the prevalence of OD by using objective olfactory tests among patients who self-reported OD (November 1, 2019 to July 31, 2020). All studies were assessed for quality and bias using the Cochrane bias tool. Patient demographics, type of objective olfactory test, and results of self-reported OD and objective testing were reported. Results: Nine studies encompassing 673 patients met the inclusion criteria. Validated objective olfactory tests used in the included studies were CCCRC, SST and SIT. Overall prevalence of OD among patients who self-reported was higher after objective testing (71% versus 81%). This was also seen in when we performed subgroup analysis based on the objective tests that were used. However, meta-analysis using random effects model showed no significant difference in the overall prevalence of OD (p value=.479, 95% CI 56.6 to 84.0 versus 71.2 to 89.8) as well as in the subgroups. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that statistically reviewed articles that evaluated the difference between self-reported and objective tests done on the same patients. Results showing that self-reporting OD approximates the results of the objective tests among COVID-19 positive patients may imply that self-reporting can be sufficient in contact tracing and triggering swabbing and self quarantine during the time of COVID-19 and objective tests can be used as an adjunct in the diagnosis particularly in research. However, this study was limited by small sample size and articles done in European countries hence, interpretation and application of the results of this study must be approached with care. Further studies documenting the difference between self-reporting and objective test in large scale setting involving different countries may be helpful in establishing a definitive consensus.
Anosmia ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a generally benign, minimally invasive procedure used for management of paranasal sinus diseases, although complications may occur due to proximity of vital structures such as the brain, orbit and great vessels.1 The overall ESS major complication rate is 0.5-1%, of which orbital injury accounts for 0.09% due to direct trauma.2 We report a case of unilateral delayed sudden visual loss without orbital trauma observed intraoperatively or on post[1]operative imaging studies, following a seemingly routine endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis.
Ophthalmic Artery ; Blindness

Objective: To present the case of a 78-year-old man with Glottic SCCa stage I who underwent single stage transoral cordectomy type IV with medialization thyroplasty under general anesthesia. Methods: Design: Case Report. Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital. Patient: One. Results: Postoperatively, patient was able to phonate and gave a VHI score of 12 and GRBAS score of 4. He was able to resume oral feeding without any signs of aspiration. Postoperative flexible laryngoscopy showed fully mobile vocal cords with good approximation in the midline. Conclusion This report suggests that vocal cord medialization via thyroplasty may be performed after cordectomy in a single stage, providing acceptable postoperative voice as well as good swallowing outcome
Laryngoplasty ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Glottis ; Vocal Cords

Objective: To determine the relationship between olfactory function threshold and quality of life (QOL) among adult Filipinos with perceived olfactory dysfunction (OD). Methods: Design:Cross - Sectional Study. Setting:Tertiary Government Training Hospital. Participants: 98 adults who had self-perceived olfactory dysfunction described as “poor” or “no sense” of smell Results: We analyzed data from 98 participants, with a mean age of 35.91 + 12.58 years old, composed of 46 men (47%) and 52 women (53%), with 82 normosmic, six hyposmic and ten anosmic as categorized by their BTT scores. Twenty-seven percent (27%) identified themselves as having poor QOL based on Fil 17 QODNS. Differences were exhibited between sexes’ BTT scores - [t(96) = -2.32; p = .022; females, M: 9.25; SD: 2.33 vs. males, M: 7.76; SD : 3.91], civil status - Fil17QODNS scores [t(96)= 3.05, p < .003; married M: 11.72, SD: 13.74 vs. single, M: 4.71; SD: 8.66), and the presence of ENT symptoms BTT [t(96) = -7.15; p < .0001; symptomatic, M: 5.62; SD: 4.54, vs. asymptomatic, M: 9.78; SD: 1.14] and Fil 17 QODNS scores [t(96)= 3.94; P < .00001; symptomatic, M: 14.86; SD: 13.97] vs. asymptomatic, M: 5.217; SD: 9.60]. Significant risk factors were the presence of ENT symptoms [OR= 0.15; 95% CI: 0.02-0.97; P = .046] for poor smell threshold, and comorbidities [OR= 3.36; 95% CI: 1.04-10.85; P = .043] for poor QOL. A negative correlation was observed between Fil-QOD-NS scores and BTT scores [r = -0.477, p < .001; rs = -0.292, p = .004], signifying that the presence of olfactory dysfunction has an inverse relationship with the quality of life. Conclusion Individuals with olfactory dysfunction in this study population had poor quality of life as determined by the translated Filipino 17-item QOD-NS which has an inverse relationship with their smell threshold as represented by the BTT results. Among the factors studied, significant differences were found between sexes, civil status and presence of ENT symptoms in the BTT and Fil 17 QODNS scores. However, only presence of comorbidities and ENT symptoms are significant risk factors for quality of life and smell threshold, respectively, in this population.
Smell ; Quality of Life